Saturday, March 24, 12

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2 The Role of Lignocellulose in Animal Nutrition A Low Inclusion level Fibre for Modern Animal Nutrition

3 AN INNOVATIVE PRODUCT LINE 1st Generation FIBRECELL Non Fermentable Lignocellulose OPTICELL 2nd Generation = Eubiotic Fibre Non Fermentable Lignocellulose Fermentable Lignocellulose

4 OptiCell is made from fresh wood Selected from specific tree species to provide fermentable fibre sources Mechanically processed ultra-fine grinding to reduce problems of gut irritation maximum surface area Granulated reduce dust for ease of use increase bulk density for economical shipment GMP+ certified OptiCell M1 OptiCell C5

5 COMMON SYMPTOMS OF FIBRE DEFICIENCY Symptom Cannibalism and nervousness Diarrhoea or constipation Constant hunger Pathogens and disease Inferior digestion and absorption Stress and anxiety Digestive disorders OptiCell Dietary Fibre effects Influences animal behaviour Regulates digesta passage rate Increases satiety Stabilizes intestinal microflora Promotes water and nutrient absorption Stabilizes blood glucose levels Essential for normal digestion

6 Dietary Fibre Definitions Wikipedia Dietary fiber or sometimes roughage is the indigestible portion of plant foods having two main components: insoluble fiber that is metabolically inert, absorbing water as it moves through the digestive systems, easing defecation soluble (prebiotic, viscous) fiber that is readily fermented in the colon into gases and physiologically active byproducts, and... American Association Of Cereal Chemists,2001 Dietary fibre is the edible parts of plants or analogous carbohydrates that are resistant to digestion and absorption in the (human) small intestine with complete or partial fermentation in the large intestine. Dietary fibre includes polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, lignin, and associated plant substances. Dietary fibres promote beneficial physiological effects including laxation, and/or blood cholesterol attenuation, and/or blood glucose attenuation

7 LOWER INCLUSION LEVELS OF OPTICELL PROVIDE SPACE FOR ENERGY AND PROTEIN Inclusion rates to increase XF content of finished feed by 1% % of Diet 0 Fibre Source OptiCell Sugar Beet Pulp Rice Bran Oats Wheat Bran

8 OTHER COMMON FIBRE SOURCES OptiCell (Eubiotic Lignocellulose) Dietary fibre benefits at low inclusion levels providing maximum sparing effect for energy - fibre balance Water Binding Sugar Beet Pulp Rice Bran Wheat Bran Fermentable Low cost Low cost Water Binding 59% Crude Fibre 85% High Dietary Fibre 15-18% CF 6-9% crude fibre 21% Dietary Fibre 10-12% CF < 4% Ash ~6.8% Ash ~ 8 % Ash 5% Ash

9 Two Modes of Action of OptiCell in gut 1. Non-Fermentable fibre regulates digesta movement in gut Pigs: Shifts fermentation processes to colon Management of constipation challenges in sows Reduction in stress by stabilization of blood glucose Decreased diarrhea in young animals Poultry: Management of wet litter in broilers and layers Helps reduce stress and feed intake in older layers Reduction in disease challenges in layers - Clostridia

10 Dry matter content of feces (%) Physical Effect of OptiCell in the Sow s Diet 130 Effect on Glucomodulation University of Veterinary Medicine, Timisoara, 2007 Period: 1 full reproduction cycle Control OptiCell Sows in trial OptiCell in Gestation feed (% of diet) 0 3 OptiCell in Lactation feed (% of diet) Blood Glucose (% of time zero) OptiCell Glucose level before feeding Control Minutes after feeding Urinary excretion of the stress hormone cortisol Too High = Constipation Too low = Diarrhea Fecal Dry Matter Content Gestation 1 Gestation 2 Gestation 3 Control Before farrowing OptiCell 3 d after farrowing at weaning Cortisol:Creatinine Ratio } -17.2% 26.5 Control OptiCell

11 TWO MODES OF ACTION OF OPTICELL IN GUT 2. Fermentable Fibre has Prebiotic effect in gut Stabilize populations of lactic acid bacteria Increased lactic acid and ph reduction Reduction in pathogenic bacteria Decreased intestinal ammonia* Increased fermentation of Butyric Acid for intestinal mucosa integrity Dryer Excreta Dryer Litter Hind gut fermentation Butyric Acid Production Increased water absorption Intestinal Mucosa Growth *(JACN 2001, Vol 20, No. 4, )

12 FERMENTABLE FIBRE: LACTIC ACID PRODUCTION BETWEEN FIBRES D-lactate (mg/l) In vitro assay Capacity of materials to produce lactate Prof. Zentek, 2006, Freie Universität Berlin 0 OptiCell Traditional Lignocellulose Complete Feed Beet Pulp Citrus Fibre Fruit Fibre 1 Fruit Fibre 2 Salmonella E.coli! # " University of Vienna and Veterinary Laboratory, In vitro, 2006 Nutrient seeking pathogens bind to fermentable fibre portions Fermentable fibre Lactic Acid production decreases ph Pathogen populations are reduced

13 OPTICELL IN SOWS: ONGOING TRIALS DEMONSTRATING EFFECTIVENESS Agricultural College St. Florian, Austria, 2009 Period: 38 days pre farrow (-41-3) Basal diet: 5.8% CF Wheat bran OptiCell Sows in trial 9 9 Additional Fibre (% of diet) 11% 2.8% Total Fibre content (%) 7.2% 7.3% Basal diet for both groups: corn, barley, wheat, oats, fish meal, sugar beet pulp Performance Parameter Control OptiCell Difference Weaned Pigs per sow / litter pigs/sow/ year Dry Matter Content Feces (%) * 12% Benefits of OptiCell : Higher fecal dry matter content decreases MMA symptoms reduces incidence of constipation Shorter parturition time lowers stress of birthing for both the sow and the piglets fewer stillborn reduction in labour requirements Length of Parturition (min) ** -30% *p < 0.01; **p< 0.05

14 SELECTED TRIALS IN GESTATING SOWS Field Trial: Niedersachsen, Germany, 2007 Period: Gestating Period Ad Libidum Basal diet: Standard compound feed Control OptiCell Sows in Trial Opticell Addition (%) sparing beet pulp 0 2.5% Measurement Control OptiCell Difference Feed intake (kg/d) % Dry Matter of Feces (%) % Cortisol:creatinine ratio %

15 SELECTED TRIALS IN GESTATING SOWS Field Trial: China Period: Gesta ating Period: 14 pre-farrow to Trial Management: E. Wayne Johnson DVM - EFEV China +3 days post farrow Basal diet: Standard Sow feed Control OptiCell Supplemental Fibre Source (g/sow/day) Chopped Alfalfa 1000 grams 75 grams (2.5% of diet) Sows in Trial Results Control OptiCell Diff (%) P Value Piglets Born Alive per litter (Avg) % Piglet Birth Weight (Avg) % 0.1 Litter Birth Weight (Avg) % 0.01 Piglet Diarrhea Incidence (%) % Mortality 0 1 Litter Wean Weight (21 days) % Avg Piglet Weaning Weight (kg) % Return On Investment: 3.35 (feed = USD400/ton and 200 grams at weaning = 800 grams at finish) Rule of Thumb: 1 day of early piglet scours = 5 extra days to market

16 OPTICELL EUBIOTIC FIBER OR ALFALFA FOR LATE GESTATION SOWS: EFFECT ON LITTER BIRTH WEIGHTS AND 21 DAY LITTER WEIGHTS. Sows were fed a gestation diet plus either 1 kg fresh alfalfa or 75 gm of OptiCell for 14 days before and 3 days after farrowing. OptiCell fed sows were more likely to have heavy litters at birth and heavy litters at 21d (8 of 12) than the alfalfa fed sows (1 of 10). [p=0.005] Reference lines are at overall medians for birth weight and 21 day weight.

17 NEW INFORMATION In-Field Testing of Opticell by Paul Hubilla-Animal Nutritionist PLH Nutrition

18 Trial: Impact of OptiCell use During Sow Gestation Philippines sow farm Practices 2X a day feeding with total 2.5 to 3 kg feed per day 6:30 am - 60% of the daily feed provided 12:30 pm - 40% of the daily feed Gestation diet fed Day 1 to 100 Transferred to farrowing pen 2 weeks prior to expected farrowing Sows and gilts fed pelleted feed 28 day weaning

19 HISTORY: PIGLET BIRTH WEIGHT % Below to to to to Birth Weight August Avg. (%) September Avg. (%) October Avg. (%) Below to to to to

20 HISTORY: WEANING WEIGHT % Below to to to to Weaning Weight August Avg (%) September Avg. (%) October Avg. (%) Below to to to to

21 HISTORY: WEANING WEIGHT BY MONTH % August Avg (%) September Avg. (%) October Avg. (%) Weaning Weight August Avg (%) September Avg. (%) October Avg. (%) Below to to to to

22 HISTORY: BIRTH WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION BY SOW PARITY (%) % Below to to to to Birth Weight Parity 1 (%) Parity 2, 3 4 (%) Parity 5, 6 Parity 7, 8, 9 Below to to to to

23 HISTORY BIRTH WEIGHT BY SOW PARITY (%) % Parity 1 (%) Parity (%) Parity 5 6 Parity Birth Weight Parity 1 (%) Parity 2, 3 4 (%) Parity 5, 6 Parity 7, 8, 9 Below to to to to

24 Evaluating Performance: What do the Numbers Say?" Average Litter Size (Total Born) per Parity: 2011 Parity Avg. August September October Average Litter Size (Born Alive) per Parity: 2011 Parity Avg. August September October *Actual production further reduced for culls <1kg"

25 SUMMARY OF CHALLENGES Non standard distribution of piglet weight Large percentage below 1kg born alive Impact of <1kg - culled Higher parity sows had higher incidence of non-standard piglet weight distribution Gestating sows at 10:30am were demanding feed Disruption of on-going farm staff activities Litter weaning weight was highly variable

26 Feed Consumption Data September Week House 2 House 3 House October November December January February

27 SOLUTIONS TRIED OR TESTED Increase the total grain (energy) content of the feed Alter grinding process to make feed coarser Reduce the ME value of the gestating feed Increase crude fiber content of diet to more than 5% Improve selection of raw materials Use rice hull at 2.5% Tried Eubiotic Fibre at 2.5% in Gestating Diet Eubiotic Fibre = fermentable and non-fermentable fibre

28 Diet Reformulation Gestation Diet Before After Corn 30.0% 30.0% Rice Bran full fat 28.8% 30.0% Pollard 12.5% 10.5% Copra cake 12.0% 9.2% Soya (Argentina) 8.0% 9.5% Molasses 5.0% 5.0% Other 3.7% 3.3% Eubiotic Lignocellulose 0.0% 2.5% Total 100% 100% ME, kcal/kg Protein % Fiber % Lysine %

29 Result of Using Eubiotic Fibre in Gestating Sows Piglet Birth Weight Opticell Introduction % August September October November December January February Below to to to to

30 % Parity 1 (%) Parity (%) Parity 5 6 Parity Before and After OptiCell Birthweight by Parity Parity 1 (%) Parity (%) Parity 5 6 Parity 7 8 9

31 Result of Using Eubiotic Fibre Birth Weight Before Avg (%) After Avg (%) Birth Weight August Avg (%) September Avg. (%) October Avg. (%) Before Avg (%) November Avg (%) December Avg (%) January Avg (%) February Avg (%) After Avg (%) Below to to to to

32 Impact on Weaning Weight % August Avg (%) February Avg. (%) 5.00 Below to to to to Weaning Weight Range

33 Key Findings from Field Test Key reduction in <1 kg birthweight pigs Increase in weaned pigs Increased weaning weight Improved piglet uniformity at weaning Sow feeding times regularized Improved sow satiety gives more time for worker activity in buildings

34 In summary It is not enough to know the nutrient requirements. It is also important to know how these nutrients should be delivered to the sows.

35 Thank You Agromed Austria GmbH Bad Hallerstr. 23, A-4550 Kremsmünster, Austria/Europe Tel: +43 (0)7583/51 05 Fax: +43 (0)7583/ Support in Asia Pacific: