Serum leptin in obesity is related to gender and body fat topography but does not predict successful weight loss

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Serum leptin in obesity is related to gender and body fat topography but does not predict successful weight loss"

Transcription

1 European Journal of Endocrinology (1997) ISSN Serum leptin in obesity is related to gender and body fat topography but does not predict successful weight loss Leo K Niskanen 1,2, Steven Haffner 3, Leila J Karhunen 1, Anu K Turpeinen 1,2, Heikki Miettinen 2,3 and Matti I J Uusitupa 1 Departments of 1 Clinical Nutrition and 2 Medicine, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland and 3 Department of Medicine/Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, USA (Correspondence should be addressed to L Niskanen, Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, P O Box FIN Kuopio, Finland) Abstract Objective: Leptin is the product of the ob gene shown to regulate body fat and appetite in mice. It is produced by human adipose tissue also, but its physiological functions in man are poorly known. Study design and methods: We studied serum leptin concentrations in ten obese men and 35 obese women (age and body mass index 42 7 years and 35:1 3:6 kg/m 2 respectively) before (baseline) and at 17 and 57 weeks during weight loss of 10:9% of the initial weight. Results: Serum leptin concentrations at baseline were 55% higher in women than in men (after adjustment for age and body fat mass, P ¼ 0:002) and remained so during the follow-up. At baseline, serum leptin correlated with fat mass (r ¼ 0:60, P < 0:001) estimated by bioelectrical impedance, and the changes in leptin concentrations from baseline to week 17 correlated with the changes in fat mass (r ¼ 0:73, P < 0:001), but baseline leptin levels were not predictive of the successful weight loss. Leptin concentrations correlated with hip circumference (r ¼ 0:49, P < 0:001 at baseline adjusted for age and sex), but the correlation with waist circumference became evident only during the weight loss (at week 57, r ¼ 0:63, P < 0:001). Conclusions: Serum leptin concentrations are higher in obese women than in obese men before and during weight loss, but the topography of fat tissue influences serum leptin concentrations. Serum leptin concentrations do not predict the response to weight reduction. European Journal of Endocrinology Introduction Serum leptin is a 16 kda product of the ob gene shown to regulate food intake and reduce body fat in mice (1 4). This ob gene product is also expressed in human white adipose tissue (5 7). Curiously, however, increased expression of the ob gene in adipocytes of obese subjects has been reported (5, 6, 8). Furthermore, serum leptin assays have shown that concentrations are in fact increased in obese subjects, correlate with body weight and decline with weight loss (9, 10). These findings are suggestive of resistance to the biological actions of leptin in obese subjects. Leptin receptor (OB-R) from mice choroid plexus and its human analog has recently been cloned (11). It is likely that the central nervous system is the main target for circulating leptin as systemic administration of leptin in ob/ob mice reduced hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression (12). Neuropeptide Y, in turn, may increase energy intake and reduce energy expenditure (13). Although peripheral leptin levels associate closely with body weight, heterogeneity in leptin concentration among individuals at each body mass index (BMI) has still been observed; however, the role of body fat distribution and the effects of sex are not well known. Furthermore, the physiological role of leptin in human obesity and in the regulation of body weight remains unclear. An intriguing possibility is that serum leptin level could serve as a prognostic marker for therapeutic interventions aiming at successful weight loss. These aspects are described in this study, in which serum leptin levels were analysed in a group of wellcharacterized obese subjects before and during a weight reduction programme. Subjects and material Subjects A total of 45 obese (initial inclusion criterion, BMI 28:0-43:0 kg/m 2 ) middle-aged subjects (10 men, 35 women), whose aim was to participate in a weight reduction programme, were recruited mainly from the primary or occupational health care system in Kuopio 1997 Society of the European Journal of Endocrinology

2 62 L K Niskanen and others EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (1997) 137 (14). Only those whose overweight status was stable were accepted for the study. The mean S.D. (range) age of the participants was 42 7 (24 55) years and the mean BMI and waist/hip ratios were 35:1 3:6 (30:4 43:3) kg/m 2 and 0:92 0:09 (0:76 1:14) respectively. Five participants (11.1%) were current smokers. Table 1 summarizes the baseline characteristics by sex. The main criteria for exclusion from the study were body weight loss >4 kg in the 3 months before screening, previously known or newly diagnosed diabetes (by repeated measurements of fasting plasma glucose), significant thyroid, liver or kidney disease, eating disorders assessed by standard questionnaires, and markedly increased blood pressure (diastolic blood pressure >105 mmhg). Ethics The study plan was approved by the joint Ethics Committee of the University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital. Methods All the measurements were made after an overnight fasting, using standardized methods. Waist circumference was measured at the level midway between the lateral lower rib margin and the iliac crest. Hip circumference was measured at the levels of the major trochanters through the pubic symphysis. Body composition was determined by a bioelectrical impedance method (RJL systems, Detroit, USA). Bioimpedance was validated as a measure of body composition from a separate cohort of obese subjects (n ¼ 56) with DEXA (Lunar DPX, Lunar Radiation Corp, Madison, WI, USA) and the methods showed acceptable agreement (r ¼ 0:973 for lean body mass, r ¼ 0:921 for fat mass) (P Rissanen, P Hämäläinen, E Vanninen, M Tenhunen-Eskelinen & M Uusitupa, unpublished observations). Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics by sex. Values are means S.D. Variable Men Women P value Number of subjects 10 (22%) 35 (78%) Age (years) :16 Body weight (kg) 109:4 14:4 92:2 11:3 <0.001 Body mass index (kg/m 2 ) 36:3 4:0 34:8 3:4 0:24 Waist circumference (cm) <0.001 Hip circumference (cm) :52 Waist/hip ratio 1:04 0:05 0:89 0:06 <0.001 Body fat mass (%) 31:9 3:9 42:1 3:4 <0:001 Body fat mass (kg) 35:2 7:9 39:0 7:2 0:16 Lean body mass (kg) 74:1 7:6 53:1 5:5 <0:001 Serum glucose (mmol/l) 6:3 0:8 5:7 0:9 0:07 Serum insulin (pmol/l) :04 Serum leptin (mg/l) 19:8 6:9 35:7 14:4 0:002 Serum insulin was analysed by an RIA technique with double antibody polyethylene glycol (CIS Bio International, B P 32, F Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France). Blood glucose was analysed by kinetic photometry with glucose dehydrogenase (15). Serum samples for leptin determinations were stored at ¹70 C for an average duration of 3:5 years. The leptin assay was performed in the laboratory of Professor Steven Haffner. Leptin was measured by a commercial RIA (Linco Research Inc., St Louis, MO, USA) (16). Weight reduction programme At the beginning of the study, the patient was counselled by a dietitian on a reduced energy intake. Energy intake prescribed to the patients was based upon an estimate of their initial maintenance energy needs minus 2510 kj/day and corrected for daily activities. The diet was a nutritionally balanced, hypocaloric diet designed to cause a weight loss of 0:25 0:5 kg/week, with 30% of energy intake as fat (optimally as 10% saturated, 10% monounsaturated and 10% polyunsaturated), 50% as carbohydrate, 20% as protein, and a maximum of 300 mg/day cholesterol. Alcohol consumption was limited to no more than 150 g of alcohol per week. The diet was distributed in three main meals and, if desired, a low-fat snack. The patient remained on the diet prescribed for the entire duration of the study, with adjustment for actual body weight on day 169 that is, prescribed energy intake minus 840 kj/day. Food intake was measured by four-day food records (two weekdays and two weekend days). The subjects were instructed on the completion of the food records by an academic dietitian, and were given food scales for weighing the food items. Calculations for energy and nutrient intake were made using the Nutrica Software package for nutrient intake analysis (Social Insurance Institution, Helsinki, Finland). The measurements described above were performed at baseline and at weeks 17 and 57. In addition, the patient s body weight was recorded regularly during the treatment period. Statistical methods The normal distribution of variables was checked with the Kolmogorow Smirnow test. Serum leptin concentrations in this population of obese subjects showed a normal distribution. Student s t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for comparison of variables among the groups and continued with an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in order to adjust for possible confounders. Time-related changes were analysed with repeated measures analysis of variance (MANOVA). Pearson and adjusted (partial) correlation coefficients were calculated for selected variables. Two-sided P values less than 0:05 were considered

3 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (1997) 137 Serum leptin in obesity effect of weight loss 63 statistically significant. All the analyses were performed by SPSS for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). Results The percentage of body fat and serum leptin concentrations were greater in women, whereas the lean body mass and serum insulin were greater in men (Table 1). The difference in baseline serum leptin concentrations between the sexes remained statistically significant after adjustment for age and body fat mass, women having 55% higher values (F ¼ 10:6, P ¼ 0:002). Serum leptin concentrations remained greater in women than in men throughout the follow-up (week 17: 24:6 12:7 compared with 12:7 5:6ng/ml, F¼ 11:8, P ¼ 0:001 by ANCOVA after adjustment for age and fat mass; week 57: 23:3 14:8 compared with 13:1 6:7ng/l, F¼ 6:96, P ¼ 0:012; adjusted means are shown in Fig. 1). As leptin levels correlated with hip circumference (see later), we made further adjustment for hip circumference, but this did not alter the results (data not shown). During the 17-week treatment period, the mean body weight decreased by 7:9% (from 96:0 13:9 to 88:4 13:9 kg), and from 17 week to week 57 it decreased by 3:3% (to 85:5 15:5 kg; P < 0:001, MANOVA). Serum leptin concentrations paralleled the changes in body fat mass (Fig. 2). Serum insulin also declined with the weight loss (from to pmol/l at week 57, P ¼ 0:01). The reductions in fat mass, waist and hip circumferences and lean body mass were all statistically significant (Fig. 2, P < 0:001 MANOVA), as were fasting glucose and insulin concentrations (reduced from 5:8 0:9 to 5:4 0:9 mmol/l (P < 0:001) and from to pmol/l (P ¼ 0:01) respectively at week 57). A linear correlation (r ¼ 0:60, P < 0:001) was observed between the body fat mass and serum leptin concentrations in the whole study population. The change in leptin concentrations correlated with the change in body weight (r ¼ 0:63, P < 0:001) and even more strongly, with the reduction in body fat mass (r ¼ 0:73, P < 0:001). Serum leptin concentrations correlated with BMI throughout the follow-up, but after adjustment for sex, age and, most noticeably, for body fat mass, the correlations disappeared (Table 2). We subdivided the subjects on the basis of the median of the weight loss (¼ ¹9:6 kg; Fig. 3). Interestingly, there was no difference in the mean baseline serum leptin concentrations (31:2 11:7and 33:2 17:5 mg/l, fat mass adjusted means 30:3 and 34:2mg/l respectively; P ¼ 0:28) between those whose weight loss was >9:6kg and in those with a smaller weight loss. At baseline, there was a negative correlation of serum leptin with lean body mass, but this relationship vanished after adjustment for age, sex and body fat mass. At baseline, serum leptin associated linearly with hip circumference but not with waist circumference (Table 2). However, during weight loss, serum leptin concentrations correlated with waist circumference and the respective correlation with hip circumference became, if anything, stronger. To illustrate this association further, we divided hip and waist circumferences at baseline and at 17 weeks into tertiles. Figures 4 and 5 show the leptin concentrations in relation to the tertiles of hip and waist circumferences at baseline and at week 17 respectively. There was a linear association (P ¼ 0:009 and 0:002 for trend by ANOVA respectively) of increasing hip circumference with increasing leptin concentrations at baseline and at 17 weeks, but no such association was observed regarding waist circumference. Discussion In this study we were able to confirm in a large number of subjects that there is a close interrelationship Figure 1 Serum leptin concentrations adjusted for body fat mass in relation to sex at baseline and weeks 17 and 57. Sex differences are statistically significant: P < 0:

4 64 L K Niskanen and others EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (1997) 137 Figure 2 Serum leptin concentrations, body fat mass and waist and hip circumferences (mean S.E.) at baseline and during the weight reduction programme. between body fat and serum leptin concentration. Furthermore, we extended these previous findings by demonstrating that the changes in leptin levels correlated with the changes in body fat mass, even more than with the changes in body weight. Serum leptin concentrations were constantly greater in women, even after the adjustment for body fat mass. A novel finding was that serum leptin concentrations did not predict the weight loss. Interestingly, serum leptin levels were more closely associated with hip circumference than with waist circumference, even after adjustment for the effects of sex. However, during weight loss, waist circumference also showed a statistically significant correlation with serum leptin. Our study participants were recruited mostly from the primary or occupational health care system and therefore they mostly had uncomplicated obesity (14); subjects with eating disorders were also excluded. The findings of the present study may not therefore be directly applicable to other groups with more complicated obesity, or to other ethnic groups. As a whole, the weight loss programme can be considered to have

5 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (1997) 137 Serum leptin in obesity effect of weight loss 65 Table 2 Unadjusted and adjusted correlation coefficients between serum leptin concentrations and variables reflecting body composition at baseline, at week 17 and at week 57 (body mass index and lean body mass values adjusted for age, sex and body fat mass, and the remainder adjusted for age and sex). Baseline Week 17 Week 57 Variable Unadjusted Adjusted Unadjusted Adjusted Unadjusted Adjusted Body mass index 0:302* ¹0:046 0:449** 0:023 0:622*** 0:074 Lean body mass ¹0:311* ¹0:275 ¹0:238 ¹0:284 ¹0:053 ¹0:190 Waist circumference ¹0:121 0:220 0:053 0:372* 0:408** 0:632*** Hip circumference 0:450** 0:485** 0:573** 0:609** 0:693*** 0:716*** Waist/hip ratio ¹0:405** ¹0:159 ¹0:306* ¹0:103 ¹0:180 0:017 * P < 0:05, ** P < 0:01, *** P < 0:001. been rather successful, leading to well-known beneficial metabolic effects. It has been found that female mice have relatively higher leptin concentrations than male mice, despite the fat content of the body (17). In humans, the study of Considine et al. (10) indicated that serum leptin concentrations were significantly greater in normalweight and obese women than in their male counterparts. However, the sex differences in that study were not statistically significant when men and women with equivalent percentages of body fat (estimated by bioelectrical impedance) were compared. In the present study, the sex difference in leptin concentration persisted after adjustment for the weight of body fat. However, because of the limited number of men studied, these results must be interpreted with caution. One possible explanation for this apparent sex difference with respect to serum leptin concentrations could be a relative abundance of peripheral fat tissue in women (reflected as large hip circumferences) compared with men. Previously, heterogeneity in leptin concentration among individuals in each BMI category has been noted (9). An interesting and somewhat controversial finding of the present study was that serum leptin concentrations were more closely associated with hip circumference than with waist circumference, irrespective of sex. This contrasts with the recent findings from a study of Polynesian men and women (18), which found waist circumference to be an independent determinant of serum leptin concentration. Although these differences could be due to methodological problems or to unknown confounders, population-specific determinants of leptin expression cannot be ruled out. In line with this population-specific interpretation, it has recently been demonstrated that African-American postmenopausal women have 20% lower plasma leptin concentrations than white women (19). Both our study and that by Zimmet et al. (18) used the robust measurement of waist circumference, which is not able to differentiate intra-abdominal fat from subcutaneous fat. However, the results suggest that the expression of the ob gene in obese humans could be influenced by body fat distribution. This concept is in agreement with the findings of Masuzaki et al. (7), who showed that ob mrna levels in the adipose tissues varied from region to region even within the same individual, but were greater in subcutaneous adipose Figure 3 Serum leptin concentrations (mean S.E.) at baseline in obese subjects in relation to the median value of the weight loss achieved at week 57 (¹9:6 kg). No significant differences.

6 66 L K Niskanen and others EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (1997) 137 Figure 4 Serum leptin concentrations (mean S.E.) in relation to the tertiles of hip circumference of the obese study population at baseline (A) (tertile limits: 110 and cm) and at week 17 (B) (tertile limits 106 and 113 cm). P values are for trend by ANOVA. tissue than in omental, retroperitoneal and mesenteric adipose tissues. It should be noted that, at the end of the follow-up period of our study, the correlation between waist circumference and serum leptin emerged as statistically significant, suggesting a relative increase in leptin signalling from truncal subcutaneous or intraabdominal fat. Weight changes seem to affect ob gene expression differently in different types of fat tissue; in VMH (ventromedial hypothalamus)-lesioned rats, gaining weight was associated with enhanced ob mrna expression in mesenteric fat compared with subcutaneous fat (20). Furthermore, Hamilton et al. (5) showed that, within the same individual, omental adipocyte ob protein expression varied depending on the fat cell size: smaller fat cell size implied relatively lower protein expression. The mechanism(s) by which fat cell size influences serum leptin concentrations and the physiological significance of the regional differences in fat mass distribution are currently unknown, but may be modulated by genetic, environmental or hormonal factors. Although peripheral leptin concentrations are related to body fat depots, it is not known whether leptin contributes to the regulation of body weight in humans. Therefore a novel finding in this study was that the response to the weight loss programme could not be predicted from serum leptin concentrations. Thus, although it has been speculated that obese subjects with relatively low leptin levels would have difficulty in restricting their food intake (9), this did not seem to be the case. Furthermore, in a study of obese women, the serum leptin concentrations were not associated with feelings of hunger or desire to eat, thus suggesting that leptin concentrations are not involved in the regulation of eating, at least in the short term (21). However, whereas leptin concentrations in obese white subjects do not predict the response to weight reduction therapy, conversely, a recent study of Pima Indians, a population prone to obesity, suggested that low plasma levels of leptin may precede weight gain (22). The role of leptin as a regulator of body weight in man thus remains rather unclear. Figure 5 Serum leptin concentrations (mean S.E.) in relation to the tertiles of waist circumference of the obese study population at baseline (A) (tertile limits 99 and 108 cm) and at 17 weeks (B) (tertile limits 95 and 102 cm). P values are for trend by ANOVA.

7 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (1997) 137 Serum leptin in obesity effect of weight loss 67 In this study, serum leptin levels were estimated by radioimmunoassay. However, recent data indicate that, in rodents and in humans, the majority of leptin circulates bound to proteins in plasma and this binding is modified by obesity. In hyperleptinaemic human obesity, the free unbound leptin increases with body weight (23, 24). At present, the biological significance of this phenomenon is unknown, but it may potentially alter the bioactivity, transport and clearance of leptin. To conclude, serum leptin levels in obese subjects correlate with body fat and fat tissue topography. Furthermore, the changes in fat mass and leptin during weight loss are parallel, but the concentrations remain constantly greater in women. However, leptin levels do not seem to predict the response to weight reduction therapy. Acknowledgements This study was supported by grants from F Hoffman La Roche Ltd to the University of Kuopio and the Academy of Finland, Research Council for Health. References 1 Zhang YR, Proenca R, Maffel M, Barone M, Leopold L & Friedman JM. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature Campfield LA, Smith FJ, Guisez Y, Devos R & Burn P. Recombinant mouse OB protein: evidence for a peripheral signal linking adiposity and central neural networks. Science Halaas JL, Gajiwala KS, Mafei M, Cohen SL, Chait BT, Rabinowitz D etal. Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Science Pelleymounter MA, Cullen MJ, Baker MB, Hecht R, Winters D, Boone T et al. Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice. Science Hamilton BS, Paglia D, Kwan AYM & Deitel M. Increased obese mrna expression in omental fat cells from massively obese humans. Nature Medicine Lönnqvist F, Arner P, Nordfors L & Schalling M. Overexpression of obese (ob) gene in adipose tissue of human obese subjects. Nature Medicine Masuzaki H, Ogawa Y, Isse N, Satoh N, Okazaki T, Shigemoto M et al. Human obese gene expression. Adipocyte-specific expression and regional differences in the adipose tissue. Diabetes Considine RV, Considine EL, Williams CJ, Nyce MR, Magosin SA, Baver TL et al. Evidence against either a premature stop codon or the absence of obese gene mrna in human obesity. Journal of Clinical Investigation Maffei MJ, Halaas J, Ravussin E, Pratley RE, Lee GH, Zhang Yet al. Leptin levels in human and rodent: measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects. Nature Medicine Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman AL, Kriauciunas A, Stephens TW, Nyce MR et al. Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal weight and obese humans. New England Journal of Medicine Tartaglia LA, Dembski M, Weng X, Deng N, Culpepper J, Devos R et al. Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R. Cell Schwartz MW, Baskin DG, Bukowski TR, Kuijper JL, Foster D, Lasser G et al. Specificity of leptin action on elevated blood glucose levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression in ob/ob mice. Diabetes Dryden S & Williams G. The role of hypothalamic peptides in the control of energy balance and body weight. Current Opinion in Endocrinology and Diabetes Uusitupa M, Karhunen L, Rissanen A, Franssila-Kallunki A, Niskanen L, Kervinen K et al. Apolipoprotein E phenotype modifies metabolic and hemodynamic abnormalities related to central obesity in women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Rindfrey H, Helger R & Lang H. Kinetic determination of glucose concentrations with glucose dehydrogenase. Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry Ma ZA, Gingerich RL, Santiago SV, Klein S, Smith HC & Landt M. Analysis of human plasma leptin by radioimmunoassay. Clinical Chemistry Frederich RC, Hamann A, Anderson S, Löllman B, Lowell BB & Flier JS. Leptin levels reflect body lipid content in mice: evidence for diet-induced resistance to leptin action. Nature Medicine Zimmet P, Hodge A, Nicolson M, Staten M, de Courten M, Moore J et al. Serum leptin concentration, obesity, and insulin resistance in Western Samoans: cross-sectional study. British Medical Journal Nicklas BJ, Toth MJ, Goldberg AP & Poehlman ET. Racial differences in plasma leptin concentrations in obese postmenopausal women. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism Funahashi TI, Shimomura I, Hiraoka H, Arai T, Takakashi M, Nakamura T et al. Enhanced expression of rat obese (ob) gene in adipose tissue of ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)-lesioned rats. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Karhunen LJ, Haffner S, Lappalainen RI, Turpeinen AK, Miettinen H & Uusitupa MIJ. Serum leptin and short-term regulation of eating in obese women. Clinical Science Ravussin E, Pratley RE, Maffei M, Wang H, Friedman JM, Bennett PH et al. Relatively low plasma leptin concentrations precede weight gain in Pima Indians. Nature Medicine Sinha MK, Opentanova I, Ohannesian JP, Kolaizynski JW, Heiman ML, Hale J et al. Evidence of free and bound leptin in human circulation. Studies in lean and obese subjects and during short-term fasting. Journal of Clinical Investigation Houseknecht KL, Mantzoros CS, Kuliawat R, Hadro E, Flier JS & Kahn BB. Evidence for leptin binding to proteins in serum of rodents and humans: modulation with obesity. Diabetes Received 23 December 1996 Accepted 17 March 1997

Plasma Leptin in Obese Subjects and Diabetics

Plasma Leptin in Obese Subjects and Diabetics Endocrine Journal 1997, 44(5), 671-676 Human Plasma Leptin in Obese Subjects and Diabetics YosHIMASA TASAKA, KEIKD YANAGISAWA, AND YASUHIKO IWAMOTO Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical College, Tokyo

More information

Effect of Immune Challenge on Different Genotypes: How Sick Do They Get?

Effect of Immune Challenge on Different Genotypes: How Sick Do They Get? Introduction Effect of Immune Challenge on Different Genotypes: How Sick Do They Get? M.T. Leininger, C.P. Portocarrero, C.A. Bidwell, M.E. Spurlock, J.N. Nielsen, and K.L. Houseknecht Department of Animal

More information

Leptin Concentrations in Women in the San Antonio Heart Study: Effect of Menopausal Status and Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy

Leptin Concentrations in Women in the San Antonio Heart Study: Effect of Menopausal Status and Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy American Journal of EpWemtokagy Copyright O 1997 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health All rights reserved Vol. 146, No. 7 Printed In USA. A BRIEF ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Leptin

More information

Serum leptin concentration is associated with total body fat mass, but not abdominal fat distribution

Serum leptin concentration is associated with total body fat mass, but not abdominal fat distribution International Journal of Obesity (1997) 21, 536±541 ß 1997 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0307±0565/97 $12.00 Serum leptin concentration is associated with total body fat mass, but not abdominal fat

More information

LEPTIN, the obese (ob) gene product, is a 16-kDa peptide

LEPTIN, the obese (ob) gene product, is a 16-kDa peptide 0021-972X/97/$03.00/0 Vol. 82, No. 2 Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 1997 by The Endocrine Society Sexual Dimorphism in Plasma Leptin Concentration* MOHAMMED

More information

Role of the kidney in human leptin metabolism

Role of the kidney in human leptin metabolism Role of the kidney in human metabolism CHRISTIAN MEYER, 1 DAVE ROBSON, 1 NOYA RACKOVSKY, 1 VEENA NADKARNI, 1 AND JOHN GERICH 1,2 Departments of 1 Medicine and 2 Physiology and Pharmacology, University

More information

Introduction. S Lin 1, TC Thomas 1, LH Storlien 1 and XF Huang 1 *

Introduction. S Lin 1, TC Thomas 1, LH Storlien 1 and XF Huang 1 * (2000) 24, 639±646 ß 2000 Macmillan Publishers Ltd All rights reserved 0307±0565/00 $15.00 www.nature.com/ijo Development of high fat diet-induced obesity and leptin resistance in C57Bl=6J mice S Lin 1,

More information

Copyright : 2002, Blackwell Science Ltd

Copyright : 2002, Blackwell Science Ltd Deakin Research Online Deakin University s institutional research repository DDeakin Research Online Research Online This is the author s final peer reviewed version of the item published as: Sanigorski,

More information

Leptin, the product of the ob/ob gene (1) is an adipose

Leptin, the product of the ob/ob gene (1) is an adipose Evidence for Leptin Binding to Proteins in Serum of Rodents and Humans: Modulation With Obesity Karen L. Houseknecht, Chris S. Mantzoros, Regina Kuliawat, Edward Hadro, Jeffrey S. Flier, and Barbara B.

More information

Chronic Stimulation of Leptin on Food Intake and Body Weight after Microinjection into the Ventromedial Hypothalamus of Conscious Rats

Chronic Stimulation of Leptin on Food Intake and Body Weight after Microinjection into the Ventromedial Hypothalamus of Conscious Rats TAJ December 2006; Volume 19 Number 2 ISSN 1019-8555 The Journal of Teachers Association RMC, Rajshahi Original Article Chronic Stimulation of Leptin on Food Intake and Body Weight after Micro into the

More information

Serum Leptin Levels in Obese Indian Children: Relation to Clinical and Biochemical Parameters

Serum Leptin Levels in Obese Indian Children: Relation to Clinical and Biochemical Parameters Lead Article Serum Leptin Levels in Obese Indian Children: Relation to Clinical and Biochemical Parameters Sudhisha Dubey, Madhulika Kabra, Anurag Bajpai, R.M. Pandey*, Mahmood Hasan**, R.K. Gautam***

More information

Abstract. Introduction

Abstract. Introduction European Journal of Endocrinology (1998) 138 70 75 Leptin concentrations in serum from a randomly recruited sample of 50- to 80-year-old men and women: positive association with plasma insulin-like growth

More information

CHANGES IN SERUM LEPTIN LEVELS DURING FASTING AND FOOD LIMITATION IN STELLER SEA LIONS

CHANGES IN SERUM LEPTIN LEVELS DURING FASTING AND FOOD LIMITATION IN STELLER SEA LIONS CHANGES IN SERUM LEPTIN LEVELS DURING FASTING AND FOOD LIMITATION IN STELLER SEA LIONS (EUMETOPIAS JUBATUS). Lorrie D. Rea * 1 Tim R. Nagy 2 1 Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando,

More information

Yiying Zhang, PhD Research Scientist. Research Summary:

Yiying Zhang, PhD Research Scientist. Research Summary: Yiying Zhang, PhD Research Scientist Research Summary: Address: Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center at Columbia University Medical Center Russ Berrie Medical Science Pavilion 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue New York,

More information

Leptin, the product of the ob gene (1), is a satiety

Leptin, the product of the ob gene (1), is a satiety The Weight-Reducing Effect of an Intracerebroventricular Bolus Injection of Leptin in Genetically fa/fa Rats Reduced Sensitivity Compared With Animals Isabelle Cusin, Franchise Rohner-Jeanrenaud, Alain

More information

Serum leptin levels in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in relation to metabolic control and body mass index

Serum leptin levels in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in relation to metabolic control and body mass index European Journal of Endocrinology (1998) 138 501 509 ISSN 0804-4643 Serum leptin levels in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in relation to metabolic control and body mass

More information

Low ambient temperature lowers cholecystokinin and leptin plasma concentrations in adult men

Low ambient temperature lowers cholecystokinin and leptin plasma concentrations in adult men ISPUB.COM The Internet Journal of Gastroenterology Volume 7 Number 2 Low ambient temperature lowers cholecystokinin and leptin plasma concentrations in adult men M Pizon, P Tomasic, K Sztefko, Z Szafran

More information

Development of a sensitive ELISA for human leptin, using monoclonal antibodies

Development of a sensitive ELISA for human leptin, using monoclonal antibodies Clinical Chemistry 44:10 2165 2171 (1998) Endocrinology and Metabolism Development of a sensitive ELISA for human leptin, using monoclonal antibodies Keiichi Imagawa, 1 Yayoi Matsumoto, 1 Yoshito Numata,

More information

Association of poorly controlled diabetes with low serum leptin in morbid obesity

Association of poorly controlled diabetes with low serum leptin in morbid obesity International Journal of Obesity (1997) 21, 556±561 ß 1997 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0307±0565/97 $12.00 Association of poorly controlled diabetes with low serum leptin in morbid obesity K CleÂment

More information

Entrainment of the Diurnal Rhythm of Plasma Leptin to Meal Timing

Entrainment of the Diurnal Rhythm of Plasma Leptin to Meal Timing Entrainment of the Diurnal Rhythm of Plasma Leptin to Meal Timing D.A. Schoeller,* L.K. Cella,* M.K. Sinha, and J.F. Caro *Department of Human Nutrition and Nutritional Biology, The University of Chicago,

More information

Obesity in aging: Hormonal contribution

Obesity in aging: Hormonal contribution Obesity in aging: Hormonal contribution Hormonal issues in obesity and aging Hormonal role in regulation of energy balance Genetic component in hormonal regulation Life style contribution to hormonal changes

More information

Changes and clinical significance of serum vaspin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes

Changes and clinical significance of serum vaspin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes Changes and clinical significance of serum vaspin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes L. Yang*, S.J. Chen*, G.Y. Yuan, D. Wang and J.J. Chen Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu

More information

Method of leptin dosing, strain, and group housing influence leptin sensitivity in high-fat-fed weanling mice

Method of leptin dosing, strain, and group housing influence leptin sensitivity in high-fat-fed weanling mice Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 284: R87 R100, 2003; 10.1152/ajpregu.00431.2002. Method of leptin dosing, strain, and group housing influence leptin sensitivity in high-fat-fed weanling mice HEATHER

More information

The Ob protein (leptin) and the kidney

The Ob protein (leptin) and the kidney Kidney International, Vol. 53 (1998), pp. 1483 1487 The Ob protein (leptin) and the kidney KUMAR SHARMA and ROBERT V. CONSIDINE PERSPECTIVES IN CLINICAL MEDICINE Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology,

More information

Serum leptin and insulin levels during chronic diurnal fasting

Serum leptin and insulin levels during chronic diurnal fasting 483 Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr 2003;12 (4):483-487 Original Article Serum leptin and insulin levels during chronic diurnal fasting Salah Kassab MD, PhD 1, Tarik Abdul-Ghaffar PhD 1, Das S Nagalla MD 2, Usha

More information

Synergistic effect of polymorphisms in uncoupling protein 1 and b 3 -adrenergic receptor genes on basal metabolic rate in obese Finns

Synergistic effect of polymorphisms in uncoupling protein 1 and b 3 -adrenergic receptor genes on basal metabolic rate in obese Finns Diabetologia (1998) 41: 357±361 Ó Springer-Verlag 1998 Synergistic effect of polymorphisms in uncoupling protein 1 and b 3 -adrenergic receptor genes on basal metabolic rate in obese Finns R. Valve 1,

More information

Leptin Secretion from Adipose Tissue in Women

Leptin Secretion from Adipose Tissue in Women Leptin Secretion from Adipose Tissue in Women Relationship to Plasma Levels and Gene Expression Fredrik Lönnqvist,* Louise Nordfors, Mårten Jansson, Anders Thörne, Martin Schalling, and Peter Arner* *Department

More information

Effects of growth hormone treatment on the leptin system and on energy expenditure in abdominally obese men

Effects of growth hormone treatment on the leptin system and on energy expenditure in abdominally obese men European Journal of Endocrinology (1998) 138 408 414 ISSN 0804-4643 Effects of growth hormone treatment on the leptin system and on energy expenditure in abdominally obese men Cecilia Karlsson, Kaj Stenlöf

More information

Abnormal regulation of the leptin gene in the pathogenesis of obesity

Abnormal regulation of the leptin gene in the pathogenesis of obesity Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 95, pp. 11852 11857, September 1998 Medical Sciences Abnormal regulation of the leptin gene in the pathogenesis of obesity ELLA IOFFE*, BYOUNG MOON, EILEEN CONNOLLY, AND

More information

Effects of Prolonged Hyperinsulinemia on Serum Leptin in Normal Human Subjects

Effects of Prolonged Hyperinsulinemia on Serum Leptin in Normal Human Subjects Effects of Prolonged Hyperinsulinemia on Serum Leptin in Normal Human Subjects Guenther Boden,* Xinhua Chen,* Jerzy W. Kolaczynski, and Marcia Polansky *Division of Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism and

More information

X/97/$03.00/0 Vol. 82, No. 4 Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism Copyright 1997 by The Endocrine Society

X/97/$03.00/0 Vol. 82, No. 4 Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism Copyright 1997 by The Endocrine Society 0021-972X/97/$03.00/0 Vol. 82, No. 4 Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 1997 by The Endocrine Society COMMENTS The Metabolic Significance of Leptin in Humans:

More information

THE PHENOTYPE OF the ob/ob mouse is characterized by

THE PHENOTYPE OF the ob/ob mouse is characterized by 0013-7227/01/$03.00/0 Endocrinology 142(8):3421 3425 Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 2001 by The Endocrine Society Leptin-Deficient Mice Backcrossed to the BALB/cJ Genetic Background Have Reduced Adiposity,

More information

Association of serum adipose triglyceride lipase levels with obesity and diabetes

Association of serum adipose triglyceride lipase levels with obesity and diabetes Association of serum adipose triglyceride lipase levels with obesity and diabetes L. Yang 1 *, S.J. Chen 1 *, G.Y. Yuan 1, L.B. Zhou 2, D. Wang 1, X.Z. Wang 1 and J.J. Chen 1 1 Department of Endocrinology,

More information

Leptin levels and menstrual function in HIV-infected women in rural India

Leptin levels and menstrual function in HIV-infected women in rural India Leptin levels and menstrual function in HIV-infected women in rural India Annie Phoebe. K¹, Mini Jacob.S¹, Hemalatha.R², Sivakumar M.R¹ ¹Department of Experimental Medicine, The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical

More information

Table S2: Anthropometric, clinical, cardiovascular and appetite outcome changes over 8 weeks (baseline-week 8) by snack group

Table S2: Anthropometric, clinical, cardiovascular and appetite outcome changes over 8 weeks (baseline-week 8) by snack group Table S1: Nutrient composition of cracker and almond snacks Cracker* Almond** Weight, g 77.5 g (5 sheets) 56.7 g (2 oz.) Energy, kcal 338 364 Carbohydrate, g (kcal) 62.5 12.6 Dietary fiber, g 2.5 8.1 Protein,

More information

PAPER Obesity is associated with decreasing levels of the circulating soluble leptin receptor in humans

PAPER Obesity is associated with decreasing levels of the circulating soluble leptin receptor in humans (2002) 26, 496 503 ß 2002 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0307 0565/02 $25.00 www.nature.com/ijo PAPER Obesity is associated with decreasing levels of the circulating soluble leptin receptor

More information

Leptin effect in ob/ob mice under thermoneutral conditions depends not necessarily on central satiation

Leptin effect in ob/ob mice under thermoneutral conditions depends not necessarily on central satiation Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 278: R790 R795, 2000 rapid communication Leptin effect in ob/ob mice under thermoneutral conditions depends not necessarily on central satiation JOHANNES

More information

Zinc May Regulate Serum Leptin Concentrations in Humans

Zinc May Regulate Serum Leptin Concentrations in Humans Original Paper Zinc May Regulate Serum Leptin Concentrations in Humans Christos S. Mantzoros, MD, Ananda S. Prasad, MD, MACN, Frances W.J. Beck, PhD, Susan Grabowski, PhD, Joseph Kaplan, MD, Connie Adair,

More information

Leptin a slimmer s dream that crashed?

Leptin a slimmer s dream that crashed? ejifcc: The Electronic Journal Of The International Federation Of Clinical Chemistry And Laboratory Medicine How to cite this article: Leptin a slimmer s dream that crashed?, Karlsson C, ejifcc, vol 12

More information

Leptin and energy expenditure Chris J. Hukshorn and Wim H.M. Saris

Leptin and energy expenditure Chris J. Hukshorn and Wim H.M. Saris Leptin and energy expenditure Chris J Hukshorn and Wim HM Saris Purpose of review A fundamental advance in our understanding of endocrine control of energy balance and body weight came with the discovery

More information

Key words: hypoxemia; obesity; obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome; subcutaneous fat accumulation; visceral fat accumulation

Key words: hypoxemia; obesity; obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome; subcutaneous fat accumulation; visceral fat accumulation Sleep Oxygen Desaturation and Circulating Leptin in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome* Koichiro Tatsumi, MD, FCCP; Yasunori Kasahara, MD; Katsushi Kurosu, MD; Nobuhiro Tanabe, MD, FCCP; Yuichi

More information

Energy Balance and Weight Management: Finding Your Equilibrium

Energy Balance and Weight Management: Finding Your Equilibrium Chapter 9 Energy Balance and Weight Management: Finding Your Equilibrium Key Terms 1. appetite: A psychological desire to eat that is related to the pleasant sensations often associated with food. 2. extreme

More information

Obesity Prevention and Control: Provider Education with Patient Intervention

Obesity Prevention and Control: Provider Education with Patient Intervention Obesity Prevention and : Provider Education with Patient Summary Evidence Table and Population Cohen et al. (1991) 1987-1988 : RCT Location: Pittsburgh, PA Physician training session by a behavioral psychologist

More information

Effects of Leptin Resistance on Acute Fuel Metabolism after a High Carbohydrate Load in Lean and Overweight Young Men

Effects of Leptin Resistance on Acute Fuel Metabolism after a High Carbohydrate Load in Lean and Overweight Young Men Original Research Effects of Leptin Resistance on Acute Fuel Metabolism after a High Carbohydrate Load in Lean and Overweight Young Men Iva Marques Lopes, PhD, Luis Forga, MD, J. Alfredo Martínez, PhD,

More information

Chapter 12. Ingestive Behavior

Chapter 12. Ingestive Behavior Chapter 12 Ingestive Behavior Drinking a. fluid compartments b. osmometric thirst c. volumetric thirst Eating a. energy sources b. starting a meal c. stopping a meal d. eating disordersd Drinking a. fluid

More information

Relationship of the white blood cell count to body fat: role of leptin

Relationship of the white blood cell count to body fat: role of leptin British Journal of Haematology, 1997, 99, 447 451 Relationship of the white blood cell count to body fat: role of leptin CHARLTON A. WILSON, 1,2 GENENE BEKELE, 1,3 MARGERY NICOLSON, 4 ERIC RAVUSSIN 1 AND

More information

Energy balance. Factors affecting energy input. Energy input vs. Energy output Balance Negative: weight loss Positive: weight gain

Energy balance. Factors affecting energy input. Energy input vs. Energy output Balance Negative: weight loss Positive: weight gain 1 Energy balance Energy input vs. Energy output Balance Negative: weight loss Positive: weight gain Special implications Infancy, Illness, Pregnancy & Lactation, Sports Factors affecting energy input neuro-endocrine

More information

Leptin Accelerates the Onset of Puberty in Normal Female Mice

Leptin Accelerates the Onset of Puberty in Normal Female Mice Rapid Publication Leptin Accelerates the Onset of Puberty in Normal Female Mice Rexford S. Ahima, Jody Dushay, Sarah N. Flier, Daniel Prabakaran, and Jeffrey S. Flier Department of Medicine, Division of

More information

The discovery of leptin and its receptor has revealed

The discovery of leptin and its receptor has revealed Transient Effects of Long-Term Leptin Supplementation in the Prevention of Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice Richard S. Surwit, Christopher L. Edwards, Suma Murthy, and Ann E. Petro Low plasma leptin levels

More information

Serum Leptin Levels in Women throughout Life; Relationship to Body Mass Index and Serum Estradiol Levels

Serum Leptin Levels in Women throughout Life; Relationship to Body Mass Index and Serum Estradiol Levels Serum Leptin Levels in Women throughout Life; Relationship to Body Mass Index and Serum Estradiol Levels Masayo YAMADA, Toshiya MATSUZAKI, Takeshi IWASA, Fumi SHIMIZU, Naoko TANAKA, Rie OGATA, Machiko

More information

Short-term effects of altering the dietary carbohydrate to fat ratio on circulating leptin and satiety in women

Short-term effects of altering the dietary carbohydrate to fat ratio on circulating leptin and satiety in women University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 1954-2016 University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2004 Short-term effects of altering the dietary carbohydrate to

More information

BIOL212 Biochemistry of Disease. Metabolic Disorders - Obesity

BIOL212 Biochemistry of Disease. Metabolic Disorders - Obesity BIOL212 Biochemistry of Disease Metabolic Disorders - Obesity Obesity Approx. 23% of adults are obese in the U.K. The number of obese children has tripled in 20 years. 10% of six year olds are obese, rising

More information

Abstract. Introduction

Abstract. Introduction Serum Leptin level in Hyperthyroid Female Patients M. Baig, K.A. Karira*, A. Ahmed**, P. Zaidi**, K. Niaz**, S. Kamal** Department of Biochemistry HCM&D Hamdard University, Department Abstract Objective:

More information

FAT. It s Not All That! A Closer Look at the Two Main Types of Fat in Our Bodies: Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat

FAT. It s Not All That! A Closer Look at the Two Main Types of Fat in Our Bodies: Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat Mary-Kate Perrone Capstone Seminar July 14, 2007 Draft #2 Fat Stats FAT. It s Not All That! A Closer Look at the Two Main Types of Fat in Our Bodies: Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat According to the 2003-2004

More information

ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION. C-Reactive Protein Concentration and Incident Hypertension in Young Adults

ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION. C-Reactive Protein Concentration and Incident Hypertension in Young Adults ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION C-Reactive Protein Concentration and Incident Hypertension in Young Adults The CARDIA Study Susan G. Lakoski, MD, MS; David M. Herrington, MD, MHS; David M. Siscovick, MD, MPH; Stephen

More information

Treadmill Workstations: A Worksite Physical Activity Intervention

Treadmill Workstations: A Worksite Physical Activity Intervention Treadmill Workstations: A Worksite Physical Activity Intervention Dinesh John, Ph.D. 1,2 Dixie L. Thompson, Ph.D., FACSM 1 Hollie Raynor 1, Ph.D. 1 Kenneth M. Bielak. M.D. 1 David R. Bassett, Ph.D., FACSM

More information

Supplementary Online Content

Supplementary Online Content Supplementary Online Content Larsen JR, Vedtofte L, Jakobsen MSL, et al. Effect of liraglutide treatment on prediabetes and overweight or obesity in clozapine- or olanzapine-treated patients with schizophrenia

More information

OBESITY IN PRIMARY CARE

OBESITY IN PRIMARY CARE OBESITY IN PRIMARY CARE Obesity- definition Is a chronic disease In ICD 10 E66 Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Obesity is a leading

More information

Human Leptin ELISA, Clinical Range

Human Leptin ELISA, Clinical Range BioVendor Laboratory Medicine, Inc. Palackeho tr. 56 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic Phone: +420549124185 Fax: +420549211460 email: info@biovendor.com http://www.biovendor.com European Union: BioVendor GmbH

More information

Regulation of serum leptin levels by gonadal function in rats

Regulation of serum leptin levels by gonadal function in rats European Journal of Endocrinology (1999) 140 468 473 ISSN 0804-4643 Regulation of serum leptin levels by gonadal function in rats L Pinilla 1, L M Seoane 2, L Gonzalez 1, E Carro 2, E Aguilar 1, F F Casanueva

More information

Variations in glucocorticoid levels within the physiological range affect plasma leptin levels

Variations in glucocorticoid levels within the physiological range affect plasma leptin levels European Journal of Endocrinology (1998) 139 615 620 ISSN 0804-4643 Variations in glucocorticoid levels within the physiological range affect plasma leptin levels A Elimam, U Knutsson 1, M Brönnegård,

More information

Correlation between circulating leptin and luteinizing hormone during the menstrual cycle in normal-weight women

Correlation between circulating leptin and luteinizing hormone during the menstrual cycle in normal-weight women European Journal of Endocrinology (1998) 139 190 194 ISSN 0804-4643 Correlation between circulating leptin and luteinizing hormone during the menstrual cycle in normal-weight women Tomi Teirmaa, Virve

More information

Energy balance. Factors affecting energy input. Energy input vs. Energy output Balance Negative: weight loss Positive: weight gain

Energy balance. Factors affecting energy input. Energy input vs. Energy output Balance Negative: weight loss Positive: weight gain 1 Energy balance Energy input vs. Energy output Balance Negative: weight loss Positive: weight gain Special implications Infancy, Illness, Pregnancy & Lactation, Sports Factors affecting energy input neuro-endocrine

More information

Do Measures of Body Fat Distribution Provide Information on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Addition to Measures of General Obesity?

Do Measures of Body Fat Distribution Provide Information on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Addition to Measures of General Obesity? Epidemiology/Health Services/Psychosocial Research O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Do Measures of Body Fat Distribution Provide Information on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Addition to Measures of General

More information

Decreased food intake does not completely account for adiposity

Decreased food intake does not completely account for adiposity Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 93, pp. 1726-173, February 1996 Physiology Decreased food intake does not completely account for adiposity reduction after ob protein infusion NANCY LEVIN*t, CHRIS NELSONt,

More information

Implementing Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Programmes

Implementing Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Programmes Implementing Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Programmes Jaakko Tuomilehto Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland FIN-D2D Survey 2004 Prevalence of previously diagnosed and screen-detected

More information

LEPTIN (Human) ELISA Kit Protocol (Catalog No. EK )

LEPTIN (Human) ELISA Kit Protocol (Catalog No. EK ) LEPTIN (Human) ELISA Kit Protocol (Catalog No. EK-003-12) TALE OF CONTENT Introduction and Protocol Overview 4 List of Components 6 Materials Required but Not Supplied 6 Reagent Preparation 7 Human Leptin

More information

Understanding & Interpreting Body Composition Measures

Understanding & Interpreting Body Composition Measures BODY COMPOSITION Understanding & Interpreting Body Composition Measures Body composition = component of health-related fitness & = component of metabolic fitness Unlike other health-related fitness Not

More information

Weight management IN ADULTS ASSESS MANAGE MONITOR MAINTAIN. Proceed to stage 2: Assess. Reassess. Obese. Overweight

Weight management IN ADULTS ASSESS MANAGE MONITOR MAINTAIN. Proceed to stage 2: Assess. Reassess. Obese. Overweight Weight management IN ADULTS MONITOR MANAGE MAINTAIN Monitor weight and calculate body mass index (BMI) opportunistically (ideally annually) or as needed. Overweight 5 kg/m If weight is increasing, or BMI

More information

Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in Developing Countries: Focus on South Asians

Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in Developing Countries: Focus on South Asians Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome in Developing Countries: Focus on South Asians Anoop Misra Developing countries, particularly South Asian countries, are witnessing a rapid increase in type 2 diabetes

More information

Roadmap. Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome in the Asian Population. Asian. subgroups 8.9. in U.S. (% of total

Roadmap. Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome in the Asian Population. Asian. subgroups 8.9. in U.S. (% of total Diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome in the Asian Population Alka Kanaya, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, UCSF Feb 26, 2010 Roadmap 1. Diabetes in Asian Americans Prevalence in the U.S. Risk factors

More information

DO WEIGHT STATUS AND SELF- PERCEPTION OF WEIGHT IN THE U.S. ADULT POPULATION DIFFER BETWEEN BREAKFAST CONSUMERS AND BREAKFAST SKIPPERS?

DO WEIGHT STATUS AND SELF- PERCEPTION OF WEIGHT IN THE U.S. ADULT POPULATION DIFFER BETWEEN BREAKFAST CONSUMERS AND BREAKFAST SKIPPERS? DO WEIGHT STATUS AND SELF- PERCEPTION OF WEIGHT IN THE U.S. ADULT POPULATION DIFFER BETWEEN BREAKFAST CONSUMERS AND BREAKFAST SKIPPERS? Results from NHANES 2009-2010 Freida Pan! NHANES Research Project!

More information

Lecture 7 Body Composition Lecture 7 1. What is Body Composition? 2. Healthy Body Weight 3. Body Fat Distribution 4. What Affects Weight Gain?

Lecture 7 Body Composition Lecture 7 1. What is Body Composition? 2. Healthy Body Weight 3. Body Fat Distribution 4. What Affects Weight Gain? Lecture 7 Body Composition 1 Lecture 7 1. What is Body Composition? 2. Healthy Body Weight 3. Body Fat Distribution 4. What Affects Weight Gain? 2 1 Body Composition Relative amounts of fat and fat-free

More information

The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study

The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study British Journal of Nutrition (2000), 83, Suppl. 1, S137 S142 S137 The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Matti Uusitupa 1 *, Anne Louheranta 2, Jaana Lindström 2, Timo Valle 2, Jouko Sundvall 2, Johan Eriksson

More information

Salt, soft drinks & obesity Dr. Feng He

Salt, soft drinks & obesity Dr. Feng He Salt, soft drinks & obesity Dr. Feng He Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK f.he@qmul.ac.uk BP Salt CVD Obesity

More information

RELATIONSHIP OF CLINICAL FACTORS WITH ADIPONECTIN AND LEPTIN IN CHILDREN WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED TYPE 1 DIABETES. Yuan Gu

RELATIONSHIP OF CLINICAL FACTORS WITH ADIPONECTIN AND LEPTIN IN CHILDREN WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED TYPE 1 DIABETES. Yuan Gu RELATIONSHIP OF CLINICAL FACTORS WITH ADIPONECTIN AND LEPTIN IN CHILDREN WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED TYPE 1 DIABETES by Yuan Gu BE, Nanjing Institute of Technology, China, 2006 ME, University of Shanghai for

More information

Leptin: its role in obesity and beyond

Leptin: its role in obesity and beyond Diabetologia (1997) 40: 1371±1379 Springer-Verlag 1997 Review Leptin: its role in obesity and beyond N.A. Tritos 1, 2, C. S. Mantzoros 1 1 Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center,

More information

CHAPTER 3 DIABETES MELLITUS, OBESITY, HYPERTENSION AND DYSLIPIDEMIA IN ADULT CENTRAL KERALA POPULATION

CHAPTER 3 DIABETES MELLITUS, OBESITY, HYPERTENSION AND DYSLIPIDEMIA IN ADULT CENTRAL KERALA POPULATION CHAPTER 3 DIABETES MELLITUS, OBESITY, HYPERTENSION AND DYSLIPIDEMIA IN ADULT CENTRAL KERALA POPULATION 3.1 BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) have reached epidemic proportions

More information

Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women Influenced by the Metabolic Syndrome

Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women Influenced by the Metabolic Syndrome Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women Influenced by the Metabolic Syndrome Thomas et al. Nutrition Journal (2015) 14:99 DOI 10.1186/s12937-015-0092-2 RESEARCH Open Access Acute effect of a supplemented

More information

Key words: hypoventilation syndrome; obesity; respiratory depression; subcutaneous fat; visceral fat

Key words: hypoventilation syndrome; obesity; respiratory depression; subcutaneous fat; visceral fat Fat Accumulation, Leptin, and Hypercapnia in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome* Ryuhi Shimura, MD; Koichiro Tatsumi, MD, FCCP; Akira Nakamura, MD; Yasunori Kasahara, MD, FCCP; Nobuhiro Tanabe,

More information

BMI may underestimate the socioeconomic gradient in true obesity

BMI may underestimate the socioeconomic gradient in true obesity 8 BMI may underestimate the socioeconomic gradient in true obesity Gerrit van den Berg, Manon van Eijsden, Tanja G.M. Vrijkotte, Reinoud J.B.J. Gemke Pediatric Obesity 2013; 8(3): e37-40 102 Chapter 8

More information

Fat Accumulation and Obesity-related Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Middle-aged Japanese Men and Women

Fat Accumulation and Obesity-related Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Middle-aged Japanese Men and Women ORIGINAL ARTICLE Fat Accumulation and Obesity-related Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Middle-aged Japanese Men and Women Miwa Ryo 1, Tohru Funahashi 1, Tadashi Nakamura 1, Shinji Kihara 1, Kazuaki Kotani

More information

The three things every surgeon should tell their obese patient

The three things every surgeon should tell their obese patient Bariatric and Private Practice Dietitian The three things every surgeon should tell their obese patient Chermside Medical Complex Holy Spirit Northside Private Hospital Red Hill Doctors Surgery Obesity

More information

CHAPTER 9. Anthropometry and Body Composition

CHAPTER 9. Anthropometry and Body Composition CHAPTER 9 Anthropometry and Body Composition 9.1 INTRODUCTION Ageing is characterized by reduction in fat free mass (FFM), primarily via loss of muscle mass, loss of bone mineral in women, redistribution

More information

LEPTIN, THE obese (ob) gene product, is a fat cell-derived

LEPTIN, THE obese (ob) gene product, is a fat cell-derived 0021-972X/97/$03.00/0 Vol. 82, No. 8 Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism Printed in U.S.A. Copyright 1997 by The Endocrine Society Glucocorticoid Regulation of Leptin Synthesis and Secretion

More information

902 Biomed Environ Sci, 2014; 27(11):

902 Biomed Environ Sci, 2014; 27(11): 902 Biomed Environ Sci, 2014; 27(11): 902-906 Letter to the Editor Curcuminoids Target Decreasing Serum Adipocyte-fatty Acid Binding Protein Levels in Their Glucose-lowering Effect in Patients with Type

More information

Frequency of eating and concentrations of serum cholesterol in the Norfolk population of the European

Frequency of eating and concentrations of serum cholesterol in the Norfolk population of the European Frequency of eating and concentrations of serum cholesterol in the Norfolk population of the European prospective investigation into cancer (EPIC-Norfolk): cross sectional study Silvia M O Titan, Sheila

More information

Leptin (Mouse/Rat) ELISA. For the quantitative determination of leptin in mouse or rat serum and plasma.

Leptin (Mouse/Rat) ELISA. For the quantitative determination of leptin in mouse or rat serum and plasma. Leptin (Mouse/Rat) ELISA For the quantitative determination of leptin in mouse or rat serum and plasma. For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures. Catalog Number: 22-LEPMS-E01 Size: 96

More information

4/23/2013. Environmental Agents. Foods Ingested. Stress. Genetics. Bodily Functions. Diet and Supplement Regimen

4/23/2013. Environmental Agents. Foods Ingested. Stress. Genetics. Bodily Functions. Diet and Supplement Regimen 1 Exercise, and Preventative Medical Practices Diet and Supplement Regimen Sleep, Relaxation, Social and Emotional Health "Systems biology...is about putting together rather than taking apart, integration

More information

Ketogenic/Low Carbohydrate diets for weight loss- What s the big deal?

Ketogenic/Low Carbohydrate diets for weight loss- What s the big deal? Ketogenic/Low Carbohydrate diets for weight loss- What s the big deal? Presented by Claudia Harper APD Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders The University of Sydney Page

More information

Consideration of Anthropometric Measures in Cancer. S. Lani Park April 24, 2009

Consideration of Anthropometric Measures in Cancer. S. Lani Park April 24, 2009 Consideration of Anthropometric Measures in Cancer S. Lani Park April 24, 2009 Presentation outline Background in anthropometric measures in cancer Examples of anthropometric measures and investigating

More information

Metabolic Syndrome. Shon Meek MD, PhD Mayo Clinic Florida Endocrinology

Metabolic Syndrome. Shon Meek MD, PhD Mayo Clinic Florida Endocrinology Metabolic Syndrome Shon Meek MD, PhD Mayo Clinic Florida Endocrinology Disclosure No conflict of interest No financial disclosure Does This Patient Have Metabolic Syndrome? 1. Yes 2. No Does This Patient

More information

Influence of Leptin on Changes in Body Fat during Growth in African American and White Children

Influence of Leptin on Changes in Body Fat during Growth in African American and White Children Influence of Leptin on Changes in Body Fat during Growth in African American and White Children Maria S. Johnson,* Terry T-K. Huang,* Reinaldo Figueroa-Colon, James H. Dwyer,* and Michael I. Goran* Abstract

More information

Weight Loss for Young Women - What Works?

Weight Loss for Young Women - What Works? Weight Loss for Young Women - What Works? Helen O Connor PhD APD 1 Research Team Hayley Griffin PhD APD 1, Hoi Lun Cheng APD 1, Kieron Rooney PhD 1, Prof Kate Steinbeck MBBS FRACP 2 1. Exercise & Sport

More information

3/20/2011. Body Mass Index (kg/[m 2 ]) Age at Issue (*BMI > 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman) Mokdad A.H.

3/20/2011. Body Mass Index (kg/[m 2 ]) Age at Issue (*BMI > 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman) Mokdad A.H. U.S. Adults: 1988 Nineteen states with 10-14% 14% Prevalence of Obesity (*BMI > 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman) Metabolic John P. Cello, MD Professor of Medicine and Surgery, University of California,

More information

Metabolic Programming. Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD

Metabolic Programming. Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD Metabolic Programming Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD nutritional stress/stimuli organogenesis of target tissues early period critical window consequence of stress/stimuli are

More information

Association between Raised Blood Pressure and Dysglycemia in Hong Kong Chinese

Association between Raised Blood Pressure and Dysglycemia in Hong Kong Chinese Diabetes Care Publish Ahead of Print, published online June 12, 2008 Raised Blood Pressure and Dysglycemia Association between Raised Blood Pressure and Dysglycemia in Hong Kong Chinese Bernard My Cheung,

More information

Andrejs Kalvelis 1, MD, PhD, Inga Stukena 2, MD, Guntis Bahs 3 MD, PhD & Aivars Lejnieks 4, MD, PhD ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION. Riga Stradins University

Andrejs Kalvelis 1, MD, PhD, Inga Stukena 2, MD, Guntis Bahs 3 MD, PhD & Aivars Lejnieks 4, MD, PhD ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION. Riga Stradins University CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS ORIGINAL ARTICLE Do We Correctly Assess the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease? Characteristics of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Depending on the Sex and Age of Patients

More information

Figure 1: The leptin/melanocortin pathway Neuronal populations propagate the signaling of various molecules (leptin, insulin, ghrelin) to control

Figure 1: The leptin/melanocortin pathway Neuronal populations propagate the signaling of various molecules (leptin, insulin, ghrelin) to control Leptin Deficiency Introduction The leptin/melanocortin pathway plays a key role in the hypothalamic control of food intake. It is activated following the systemic release of the adipokine leptin (LEP)

More information

SYNOPSIS OF RESEARCH REPORT (PROTOCOL BC20779)

SYNOPSIS OF RESEARCH REPORT (PROTOCOL BC20779) TITLE OF THE STUDY / REPORT No. / DATE OF REPORT INVESTIGATORS / CENTERS AND COUNTRIES Clinical Study Report Protocol BC20779: Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose ranging phase

More information