Nutrition Exercise 3/30/2015. Workshop #12. What are we going to feed? How do we find the most economical feeding option? Who do we need to feed?

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1 Nutrition Exercise Workshop #12 Earl H. Ward NE District Area Livestock Specialist What are we going to feed? By-Products Protein or Energy How do we find the most economical feeding option? Who do we need to feed? Ruminants are designed to utilize the protein and energy from many sources, such as byproducts or other unusual feedstuffs. by prod uct. n. 1. Something produced in the making of something else. 2. A secondary result; a side effect. 1

2 Famous by-products: A household by-product that is derived from the accumulation of black rod wax on drilling units? Soybeans Commodity Fish Soybean Meal By-Product Fish Oil Soybean Oil Desired Product Fish Meal Common Byproducts & Feedstuffs Wheat Midds Soybean Hulls Soybean Meal Take Home: Cotton Seed Hulls Cotton Seed Meal Beet Pulp Dried Distillers Grain Corn Gluten Rice Hulls Uncommon Byproducts & Feedstuffs Think outside of the box when it comes to feeds Acorns Almond Hulls Cottage Cheese Cookie Byproduct Hempseed Pineapples Raisins Turnips Walnut Meal 2

3 Do we need Protein or Energy? We need to know: 1. Our animal s requirements 2. Our forage quality and quantity Do we need Protein or Energy? Animal s Requirements 1200lb Cow w/ 20# peak milk production Highest Daily Requirement Crude Protein, lb/day 3.0 TDN, lb/day 17.6 Factsheet: Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle Do we need Protein or Energy? Forage Quality Hay #1 Hay #2 Bermuda Bermuda with fertilizer Crude Protein, % TDN, % Basic plus Energy $14 per test Minerals $12 per test 3

4 Do we need Protein or Energy? 1200lb Cow w/ 20# peak milk production Highest Daily Requirement Forage Analysis Hay #1 Lbs of Forage Required Crude Protein, lb/day % 37.9 TDN, lb/day % 31.2 PROTEIN IS FIRST LIMITING Do we need Protein or Energy? 1200lb Cow w/ 20# peak milk production Highest Daily Requirement Forage Analysis Hay #2 Lbs of Forage Required Crude Protein, lb/day % 20.1 TDN, lb/day % 29.4 ENERGY IS FIRST LIMITING Do we need Protein or Energy? 1200lb Cow w/ 20# peak milk production Take Home: Supplementation should be Highest Daily Requirement Forage Analysis - Fertilized Bermuda Lbs of Forage Required Crude Protein, lb/day % 20.1 TDN, lb/day based 17.6 off of 59.9% your forage 29.4 ENERGY IS FIRST LIMITING analysis 4

5 By Looking At Our Inputs Options Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Crude Protein 14% 20% 37% TDN (ask) 67.90% 68.60% 75.90% CP, lb/ton TDN, lb/ton Price, $/ton $215 $250 $360 Cost per lb CP $0.77 $0.63 $0.49 Cost per lb TDN $0.16 $0.18 $0.24 Cow s Requirements CP Requirement, lb 3.0 TDN Requirement, lb 17.6 Hay #1 Hay #2 CP, % TDN, % DMI, lb 25 CP Intake, lb TDN Intake, lb CP Balance, lb TDN Balance, lb

6 Cow s Requirements CP Requirement, lb 3.0 TDN Requirement, lb 17.6 Balance w/ 25 lbs DMI CP, lb TDN, lb HAY #1 Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Crude Protein 14% 20% 37% TDN (ask) 67.90% 68.60% 75.90% Price, $/ton $215 $250 $360 # required for CP # required for TDN Max # of Feed/day $/cow/day $0.79 $0.65 $0.84 Cow s Requirements CP Requirement, lb 3.0 TDN Requirement, lb 17.6 Balance w/ 25 lbs DMI CP, lb TDN, lb HAY #2 Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Crude Protein 14% 20% 37% TDN (ask) 67.90% 68.60% 75.90% Price, $/ton $215 $250 $360 # required for CP # required for TDN Max # of Feed/day $/cow/day $0.42 $0.48 $0.62 HAY #2 Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Take Home: Crude Protein 14% 20% 37% TDN (ask) 67.90% 68.60% 75.90% CP, lb TDN, lb Price, $/ton Prices $242 change $278 What $410 Cost per lb CP $0.86 $0.70 $0.55 Cost per lb TDN $0.18 $0.20 $0.27 worked last year, may not be the most economical this year # required for CP # required for TDN Max # of Feed/day $/cow/day $0.47 $0.53 $0.71 6

7 TOOLS - Ionophores Ionophores Rumensin has been shown to have about a 10% reduction in DMI without affecting performance. Hay Costs DMI Decrease Costs Savings $60 for 1200 lb Bale 2.5% of 1200 lb cow 10% reduction in DMI Reduction 90% DM $ saved from reduction $0.02hd/d for additives Per cow per day $.05/lb 30 lbs -3 lbs lbs $0.16 -$0.02 $0.14 Feed Additives Returns TOOLS - Ionophores Ionophores Rumensin has been shown to have about a 10% reduction in DMI without affecting performance. Hay Costs DMI Decrease Costs Savings $60 for 1200 lb 2.5% of 1200 lb 10% reduction Reduction $ saved from $0.02hd/d for Per cow per day Bale cow in DMI 90% DM reduction additives $.05/lb 30 lbs -3 lbs lbs $0.16 -$0.02 $0.14 Feed Additives Returns Take Home: Utilize every tool available to maximize your profit Who do I need to feed? Body Condition Score = 2 7

8 Who do I need to feed? Body Condition Score below 5 Who do I need to feed? Body Condition Score of 6-9 Getting too fleshy Either she is an easy keeper, she is open, or she is spoiled Who do I need to feed? Body Condition Score of 6-9 Getting too fleshy Take Home: Either she is an easy keeper, she is open, or she is spoiled Use BCS to cull, feed, and manage your herd 8

9 Take Homes Think outside the box when it comes to feed Supplementation should be based off of your forage analysis Prices change what worked last year, may not be the most economical this year Utilize every tool available to maximize your profit Use BCS to cull, feed, & manage your herd 9

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11 FINDING THE MOST ECONOMICAL SUPPLEMENT OPTION Nutrition Exercise Page 1 Dry Matter Intake (DMI) A cow will consume approximately 2.5% of her body weight in dry matter each day. DMI = 1200 pound cow x 2.5% = 30 pounds of DM per day a. 30 lbs of DM days of haying = lbs DM per cow b. lbs DM per cow number of cows = lbs of total DM needed c. lbs of total DM needed % DM of Hay = As Fed lbs of hay d. As Fed lbs of hay weight of hay bale = # of bales needed Nutrients Supplied e. 30 lbs of DM % Crude Protein of Hay (DM Basis) = lbs of CP from Hay f. 30 lbs of DM % Total Digestible Nutrients (DM Basis) = lbs of TDN from Hay Nutrient Balance A 1200 pound lactating cow with a peak milk production of 25 lbs/day requires 3.4 lbs of CP and 19.0 lbs of TDN daily to maintain weight. g. CP: lb of CP from Hay - lbs of CP required = CP Balance h. TDN: lb of TDN from Hay - lbs of TDN required = TDN Balance

12 Supplement Required Nutrition Exercise Page 2 If the nutrient balance is positive there is no need for any supplementation, meaning that the hay is providing all required CP and/or TDN. If the nutrient balance of CP or TDN is negative, some supplementation is required to maintian weight. Supplement Options Feed Price/ton Price/lb % DM % CP % TDN 1 14% Cube $230 $ % Cube $260 $ % Cube $370 $ Finding the most economical supplement to match forage. OPTION 1 a. lbs of CP needed % CP of Supplement = lbs of Supp to meet CP requirement b. lbs of TDN needed % TDN of Supplement = lbs of Supp to meet TDN requirement c. max lbs needed to meet requirements % DM of Supp = lbs of Supp needed d. lbs of Supp needed Price/lb of Supp = cost per cow per day OPTION 2 e. lbs of CP needed % CP of Supplement = lbs of Supp to meet CP requirement f. lbs of TDN needed % TDN of Supplement = lbs of Supp to meet TDN requirement g. max lbs needed to meet requirements % DM of Supp = lbs of Supp needed h. lbs of Supp needed Price/lb of Supp = cost per cow per day OPTION 3 i. lbs of CP needed % CP of Supplement = lbs of Supp to meet CP requirement j. lbs of TDN needed % TDN of Supplement = lbs of Supp to meet TDN requirement k. max lbs needed to meet requirements % DM of Supp = lbs of Supp needed l. lbs of Supp needed Price/lb of Supp = cost per cow per day

13 Supplement Costs Nutrition Exercise Page 3 You have calculated that the most economical feed to purchase is: Feed: Cost/ton: For years your operation has fed 3/4 inch cubes on the ground and the owner suspects that by doing so he loses about 10% of his feed. Calculate how much supplement you will need and the total cost of supplementation. a. lbs of supp/cow/day # of cows = lbs of supp/day/herd b. lb of supp/day/herd # of feeding/haying days = total lbs of supp needed c. total lbs of supplement needed 1.10 (accounting for 10% loss) = Total Pounds of Supplement d. Total Pounds of Supplement 2000 = Total Tons of Supplement e. Total Tons of Supplement (round up) Price/ton = TOTAL SUPPLEMENT COST Bunk Costs You have priced feed bunks and if you choose to buy them calculate how many you need and the cost. 10 foot concrete bunk (10 cows/bunk) 10 foot Poly bottom bunk (10 cows/bunk) $105 per bunk $128 per bunk f. # of cows 10 cow/bunk = # of bunks g. # of bunks cost/bunk = TOTAL BUNK COST

14 Hay Costs Nutrition Exercise Page 4 Currently the operation is feeding hay in a common steel ring feeder and research has shown an average of 20% of the bale is wasted. Calculate how many bales you need to purchase and the total hay cost. a. # of bales needed 1.20 (accounting for 20% waste) = Total Number of Bales Needed b. Total Number of Bales Needed Cost/Bale = TOTAL HAY COSTS Hay Feeder Costs You have priced hay feeders and if you choose to buy them calculate how many you need and the cost. Modified Cone Round Bale Feeder (25 cows/feeder) Sheeted Round Bale Feeder (25 cows/feeder) $565 per feeder $205 per feeder c. # of cows 25 cow/feeder = # of feeders d. # of feeders cost/feeder = TOTAL BALE FEEDER COST Summary e. Total Hay Costs + Total Supplement Costs TOTAL FEED COSTS f. Total Bunk Cost + Total Bale Feeder Costs TOTAL FEEDING EQUIP. COSTS