THERMALLY PROCESSED FOODS: Possible health implications
|
|
- Samson Thomas
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 COST-927 Action THERMALLY PROCESSED FOODS: Possible health implications Building Skills on the Determination of the Overall Antioxidant Capacity of Thermally Processed Foods Olsztyn, January 2009 Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Department of Food Technology in Olsztyn, Poland
2 Antioxidant activity by the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity assay ORAC assay
3 STARTING POINT
4
5 DID EXIST ANY PREVIOUS JOB? Title: PHYCOERYTHRIN FLUORESCENCE-BASED ASSAY FOR PEROXY-RADICALS - A SCREEN FOR BIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT PROTECTIVE AGENTS Author(s): DELANGE RJ, GLAZER AN Source: ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY Volume: 177 Issue: 2 Pages: Published: MAR 1989 Times Cited: 99
6 WHAT ARE THE MAIN DISADVANTAGES OF THAT METHOD? 1. IT IS NOT CAPABLE OF QUANTITATING RESULTS 2. IT IS LIMITATED ONLY TO SCREENING THE RADICAL SCAVENING CAPACITY OF THE SAMPLE
7 Basic definitions for easy understanding of the PRINCIPLES of different analytical methods for assessing total antioxidant capacity REDUCTION= A GAIN OF ELECTRONS OXIDATION= A LOSS OF ELECTRONS REDUCTANT OR REDUCING AGENT= A SUBSTANCE THAT DONATES ELECTRONS AND CAUSES TO ANOTHER REACTANT TO BE REDUCED OXIDANT OR OXIDATING AGENT= A SUBSTANCE THAT ACCEPTS ELECTRONS AND CAUSES ANOTHER REACTANT TO BE OXIDIZED ANTIOXIDANT= SUBSTANCE THAT WHEN PRESENT AT LOW CONCENTRATIONS COMPARED WITH THOSE OF AN OXIDIZABLE SUBSTRATE, SIGNIFICANTLY PREVENTS OR DELAYS A PRO-OXIDANT INITIATED OXIDATION OF THE SUBSTRATE PRO-OXIDANT= SUBSTANCE THAT CAN CAUSE OXIDATIVE DAMAGE TO LIPIDS, PROTEINS AND NUECLEIC ACIDS. IT SYNONYM FOR REACTIVE SPECIES. CHEMICALLY, IT IS AN OXIDANT. AN ANTIOXIDANT CAN EFFICIENTLY REDUCE A PRO-OXIDANT
8 REACTIVE SPECIES IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTMES: HYDROXYL RADICALS ( OH) SUPEROXIDE ANIONS (O 2- ) SINGLET OXYGEN ( 1 O 2 ) HYDROGEN PEROXIDES (H 2 O 2 ) ORGANIC PEROXIDES (R-OOH) NITRIC OXIDE PEROXYNITRITE
9 DEFINITION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ABILITY OF A COMPOUND TO REDUCE PRO- OXIDANTS OR REACTIVE SPECIES OF PATHOLOGIC SIGNIFICANCE
10 AN ANTIOXIDANT IS A REDUCTANT, BUT A REDUCTANT IS NOT NECESSARILY AN ANTIOXIDANT Na, GLUCOSE, ETHANOL AND MANY OTHER REDUCTANT ARE NOT ANTIOXIDANTS
11 DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS ESSENTIAL VITAMINE E (TOCOPHEROL) VITAMINE C (ASCORBIC ACID) VITAMIN A (RETINOL AND CAROTENOIDS) NUMEROUS MINERALS (Cu, Mn, Zn, Se, Fe) NON-ESSENTIAL GLUTATHIONE, SMALL PEPTIDES PHYTOCHEMICALS (THOUNDS IN FOOD SUPPLY)
12 Basis of the ORAC assay Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generators 1. Thermal control chemical generator a. Aqueous soluble b. Lipid soluble 2. Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide generator 3. Radiation related hydroxyl radical generator ROS (R, ROO, O -, H 2 O 2, OH) 2 ANTIOXIDANTS λ Exc =540 nm OXIDATION Decreased 565 nm emission fluorescence light βpe INDICATOR PROTEIN Oxidation
13
14
15 Properties of Phycobiliproteins Pigment R- Phycoerythrin B- Phycoerythrin Y-Phycoerythrin C-Phycocyanin R-Phycocyanin Allophycocyanin Phycoerythrin 566 Phycoerythrocy anin Absorbance maximum 1 (nm) 565 (495) 545 ~495 (545) (555) Fluorescence emission 2 (nm) ~ Molecular weight 3 (kda) Absorbtivity 4 (L/g-cm) Molar absorptivity 4 (M-cm) -1 (10-6 ) Fluorescence: Absorbance 5 (relative to R- PE) 1 Values in parentheses indicate secondary absorbance maxima. 2 Phycobiliproteins are aggregates of subunits, and various aggregates may occur in aqueous solution. Values given are for most common reported aggregates; aggregates of both larger and smaller size may occur. 3 Value for Phycoerythrin 566 is an estimate. 4 An approximate relative indicator of the quantum efficiency of the pigment (measured at absorbance and emission maxima)
16 Phycobiliproteins are water soluble fluorescent proteins derived from cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae. Nomenclature: Phycobiliproteins are classified on the basis of their color into two large groups, the phycoerythrins (red) and the phycocyanins (blue). Absorption maxima for phycoerythrins lie between 490 and 570 nm while absorption maxima for phycocyanins are found between 610 and 665 nm. These large groups have been subdivided to reflect variation among the proteins in the exact location of the absorbance maximum and the specific shape of the absorbance spectrum.
17 The B-phycoerythrin (B-PE) protein is the major light-harvesting pigment of red microalgae Porphyridium cruentum. B-PE finds application mainly in the pharmaceutical sector as fluorescent probe in biomedical analysis, and also in the food and cosmetics industries. In spite of its numerous uses, however, its large-scale purification remains problematic and expensive. B-PE is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a fluorescent probe and reagent. It is also utilised as a natural dye in the food and cosmetics industries due to its high fluorescence efficiency. The protein's purification from algal extracts involves a number of often-crude, highly complex steps, many of which are non-scaleable and result in unsatisfactory yields.
18
19 WHY DID THE AUTHORS SELECT B-PE AS FLUORESCENCE PORBE? 1. B-PE S DISTINCT EXCITATION AND EMISSION WAVELENGTHS 2. HIGH FLUORESCENCE YIELD 3. SENSITIVITY TO ROS 4. WATER SOLUBILITY
20
21 How to classify ORAC assay? INHIBITION METHOD Antioxidant capacity of the antioxidant Involve a pro-oxidant and oxidizable substrate The pro-oxidant induces oxidative damage to the substrate which is inhibited in the presence of an antioxidant ORAC ASSAY MEASURES THE CAPICITY OF THE ANTIOXIDANT TO DIRECTLY QUENCH FREE RADICALS Very high molar ratio of AAPH to antioxidants (mora than 2000)
22 ADVANTAGES COMPARED TO PREVIOUS METHODS 1. The use of peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals as pro-oxidants in the ORAC assay makes its different and unique from the assays that involve oxidants that are necessarily prooxidants. 2. An improve in quantitation is achieved in ORAC assay by: a) Taking the reaction between substrate and free radicals to completation b) Using an area-under-curve technique for quantitation compared to the assay that measure the lag phase.
23 ANTIOXIDANT ASSAYS Involving oxidants that are not necessarily pro-oxidants FRAP assay TEAC assay Cyclic voltammetry assay Involving oxidants that are prooxidants TRAP assay Luminol-based assays Dichlorofluorescin-diacetate (DCFH-DA) based assay Crocin based assay Phycoerythrin (PE) based assay ORAC assay Prior and Cao. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 27 (11/12), , 1999
24 Title: OXYGEN-RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY ASSAY FOR ANTIOXIDANTS Author(s): CAO GH, ALESSIO HM, CUTLER RG Source: FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: Published: MAR 1993 Times Cited: 441
25 THE AMOUNT OF SAMPLE CAN BE SUSTANTIALLY REDUCED AND THE SIMULTANEOUS KINETIC ANALYSIS OF MANY SAMPLES IS MADE POSSIBLE BY USSING FLUORIMETRY MICROPLATE READER USING A 96-WELL PLATE Cao, G, Verdon, CP, Wu AH, Wang H and Prior RL. Automated assay of oxigen radical absorbance capacity with COBAS FARA II. Clinical Chemistry 41, , 1995.
26 Title: AUTOMATED-ASSAY OF OXYGEN RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY WITH THE COBAS FARA-II Author(s): CAO G, VERDON CP, WU AHB, et al. Source: CLINICAL CHEMISTRY Volume: 41 Issue: 12 Pages: Part: Part 1 Published: DEC 1995 Times Cited: 218
27 Title: Development and validation of an improved oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay using fluorescein as the fluorescent probe Author(s): Ou BX, Hampsch-Woodill M, Prior RL Source: JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY Volume: 49 Issue: 10 Pages: Published: OCT 2001 Times Cited: 216
28 WHAT DID THEY PROPOSE THIS TIME?
29
30 QUANTITATION
31
32 SCHEMATIC ILUSTRATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF THE ORAC FL ASSAY
33 HOW DOES THE CALIBRATION CURVE LOOK?
34 Molecular formula Molar mass C 2 0H 12 O g/mol Chemical and physical properties 1. Very high fluorescence 2. Excitation occurs at 494 nm and emission at pka of Ionization equilibrium leads to phdependent absorption and emission over the range of 5 to 9 5. Fluorescence lifetimes of the protonated and deprotonated forms of fluorescein are approximately 3 and 4 ns
35 07367 Fluka B-Phycoerythrin concentration~10.0 mg/ml (UV)fluorescenceλex 542 nm; λem 576 nm in 0.1 M phosphate ph7.2 storage temp.2-8 C Prices: 1mg euros; 5mg euros P128 Sigma B-Phycoerythrin from Porphyridium cruentum (lyophilized powder) 1mg 356 euros Fluka Fluorescein sodium salt Fluorescence λex 490 nm; λem 514 nm in 0.1 M Tris ph 8.0 Prices: 25 g euros, 100 g euros, 500 g euros
36 ARE THERE OTHER REASONS FOR CHANGING THE FLUORESCENCE PROBE? 1. DIFFERENT PEs, SUCH AS B-PE AND R-PE, POSSESS DIFERENT FLUORESCENCE INTENSITY AND REACTIVITY TO PEROXY RADICAL 2. DIFFERENCES EXIST IN THE SAME PE WITH DIFFERENT LOTS 3. A SINGLE PE LOT NUMBER SHOULD BE USED FOR A PLANNED PROJECT
37 HOW TO EXPLAIN THE INCONSISTENCY OF PE FROM LOT TO LOT? PURIFICATION PROCESS B-PE 30% PURE
38 MORE? B-PE INTERACT WITH POLYPHENOLS
39 COMPARISON OF FL WITH B-PE ANALYSIS IN ABSENCE OF AAPH B-PE FL STRONG PROTEIN BINDING
40 COMPARISON OF FL WITH B-PE B-PE DECLINED MORE RAPIDLY THAN DID FL FLUORESCENCE
41 COMPARISON OF FL WITH B-PE THE FL YIELDS A CONSISTENTLY HIGHER ORAC VALUE AS COMPARED TO B-PE (~ FOLD)
42 HOW DO THEY INTERACT? HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTION HYDROGEN BONDING
43 ORAC FL MECHANISM HAT= HYDROGEN ATOM TRANSFER
44 ORAC FL MECHANISM
45 ORAC FL MECHANISM
46 THE FOLLOWINGS EQUATIONS ILUSTRATES THE STEPWISE PROCESS OF HAT ABSTRACTS A HYDROGEN ATOM FROM THE ANTIOXIDANT RADICAL INICIATOR REACTION BEWTEEN ROO AND THE TARGET MOLECULE IS INHIBITED
47 SUMMARY OF IMPROVEMENTS 1. ROGGEDNESS 2. FL DOES NOT INTERACT WITH ANTIOXIDANT SAMPLES 3. FL SHOWS EXCELLENTE PHOTOSTABILITY SO THAT THE ORAC FL ASSAY CAN BE TRANSFERRED TO A 96- WELL PLATE READER. 4. THE USE OF FL REDUCES THE COST OF THE EXPERIMENT 5. ORAC FL ASSAY DIRECTLY ESTIMATES THE CHAIN- BREAKING ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
48 WHAT DOES ORAC FL ASSAY MEASURE? ORAC FL ASSAY MEASURES HYDROPHYLIC ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AGAINST PEROXYL RADICAL ORAC FL ASSAY CANNOT BE CONSIDERED A TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ASSAY IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO MEASURE TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY USING A SINGLE ASSAY
49 FOOD APPLICATION
50 FOOD APPLICATION
51 WHAT DID THE AUTHORS CONCLUDE?
52 FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS Times Cited: 103
53 ADVANTAGES 1. THE EFFICIENCY IS IMPROVED WITH AT LEAST A 10 FOLD INCREASE IN SAMPLE PREPARATION AND IN INSTRUMENT UTILIZATION (130 SAMPLES/DAY) 2. THE USE OF THE ROBOTIC LIQUID HANDLING AND PLATE READER TECHNOLOGIES HAS NOT COMPROMISED THE QUALITY OF DATA OBTAINED
54
55
56
57
58
59
60 NEXT STEP Volume: 50 Issue: 7 Pages: Published: MAR Times Cited: 90
61 WHAT DID THEY DO?
62 ORAC FL-LIPO ASSAY
63
64 MECHANISMS FOR OXIDATION
65 MECHANISMS FOR OXIDATION
66
67 FOOD APPLICATION
68
69
70
71
72 MAIN IMPROVEMENT
73 FURTHER DATA ON FOOD DATA ON LIPOPHILIC AND HYDROPHILIC ORAC FL VALUES FOR OVER 100 COMMON FOODS IN U.S. MARKETS
74 FURTHER DATA ON FOOD
75
76 WHAT ABOUT CONCLUSIONS?
77 Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) of Selected Foods This database contains ORAC data for 277 food items and represents a collaboration between the Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center and the Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center in Little Rock, Arkansas.
78 The database will be used by scientists to help guide ongoing research into how antioxidants may correlate to health benefits. For example, many fruits and vegetables are known to be good sources of antioxidant vitamins, such as E, C, and beta carotene, a form of vitamin A. But these natural foods also contain other compounds, collectively known as phytonutrients, that may contribute to health.
79 How to access to the databse?. Go to:
80 CAN FOOD PROCESSING GIVE RISE NEOANTIOXIDANTS? SEVERAL CHEMICAL EVENTS CONTRIBUTE TO THE OVERALL ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF PROCESSED FOODS CAN BE MEASURED THE NEOANTIOXIDANTS BY ORAC ASSAY?
81 KEY CHEMICAL EVENTS INDUCING FORMATION OF NEW ANTIOXIDANTS DURING THERMAL FOOD PROCESSING
82
83
84 PAY ATENTION TO SAMPLES PREPARATION
85 PAY ATENTION TO SAMPLES PREPARATION
86 DO YOU HAVE ANY FURTHER QUESTION?
87
88 PAY ATENTION TO SAMPLES PREPARATION
89
90 HMW MRPs contain reductone and amino reductone structures, which provide a potential for reducing and metal chelation activities, both of which are relevant to the antioxidant mechanisms noted formrps. In the present study, all three sugar-lysine HMW MRPs displayed a similar, significant capacity to scavenge DDPH radicals, which was also found for earlier products of the MR generated from heated histidine-xylose reactants. Measuring total antioxidant activity of MRPs by the ORAC method provided an excellent basis for assessing MRP scavenging capacity for oxygen radicals between different sugar reactant sources. It is of interest that the ORAC activity of all three HMW MRPs was not only similar when expressed in Trolox equivalents, but also agree well with the DPPH measurements. Moreover, the Trolox equivalent for all three MRP HMW mixtures far exceeds the total antioxidant activity determined previously for ORAC measures of different soft fruits, such as strawberries (approx. 150 μmol Trolox/g dry matter [dm]), blueberries (approx. 200 μmol Trolox/g dm), and raspberries (approx.100 μmol Trolox/g dm). The potential for a large contribution from HMW MRPs to total antioxidant intake, in terms of ORAC values, suggests that the estimated mmol Trolox/day value proposed for US consumers may be underestimated if MRPs derived from processed foods are considered in the ORAC range for total antioxidant intake.
91 WHAT OTHER REACTIONS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE OVERALL ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PROCESSED FOODS?
92 WHAT DID WE DO?
93
94 DOES THE METHOD NEED FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS?
95 WHAT DO THEY THINK ABOUT THAT? Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values have been obtained for a series of teas and herbal infusions employing 2,20-azobis (2-amidinopropane) as free radical source, and fluorescein and pyrogallol red as target molecules. The amounts of phenols in the extracts were evaluated by Folin s methodology. ORAC values are extremely dependent upon the employed target molecule. Even more, relative ORAC values measured for different infusions depend upon the employed methodology. For example, ORAC-fluorescein value of Aloysia citriodora is larger than that of green tea, while if pyrogallol red is employed as target molecule green tea appears as nearly nine times more efficient. Similarly, for extracts with comparable amounts of phenols, herbal infusions are more efficient than teas by ORAC fluorescein, while opposite conclusions are obtained if ORAC-pyrogallol red values are considered. Extreme care must then be taken for conclusions obtained from ORAC values estimated by employing a single target molecule.
96 IS THERE MORE WORK LEFT TO BE DONE? WHAT ELSE CAN WE DO? FEEL FREE YOURSELF TO MAKE PROPOSALS. THE DISCUSSION SECTION IS OFICIALLY OPENED
Theory Photochem. Anna Horszwald (Michalska)
Theory Photochem Anna Horszwald (Michalska) Free radicals Free radicals inflamation mitochondrial disfuntion Lachance P. A. et al. (2001) Antioxidants an intergarative approach, Nutrition, 17,835-838.
More informationNIS/WW Report 1 1 of 11. Report 1. Testing of Willard s Water for antioxidant capacity and cellular uptake of selected nutrients.
NIS/WW Report 1 1 of 11 October 18, 2012. Report for: John Willard WW Industries, Inc. PO Box 4040 Rapid City, South Dakota 57709 Phone: (888) 379-4552 Fax: (605) 343-0109 Email: john@drwillard.com Web:
More informationSynergistic effects of antioxidative peptides from rice bran
Synergistic effects of antioxidative peptides from rice bran Pichamon Kiatwuthinon 1,*, Neeracha Lapanusorn 1, Anunyaporn Phungsom 1, Wirawan Tinanchai 1 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science,
More informationORAC Assay Kit KF A/ B 96/ 192 tests (96 well plate)
ORAC Assay Kit KF-01-004 A/ B 96/ 192 tests (96 well plate) Index Introduction Pag. 1 Materials Pag. 2 Assay Principle Pag. 3 Assay protocol Pag. 4 Data analysis Pag. 8 References Pag. 9 Warranties and
More informationSpirulin BOTANY V 03-10/ ,
Spirulin BOTANY Spirulina spp. Spirulina is a blue green micro-alga. These tiny green spiral coils harvest the energy of the sun, growing a treasure of bioavailable nutrients. This first photosynthetic
More informationClean Label Solutions to Controlling Lipid Oxidation
Clean Label Solutions to Controlling Lipid Oxidation Eric A Decker Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA March 27-28, 2018 Itasca, Illinois, USA Why is Oxidation Important?
More informationProtein Cleavage Due to Pro-oxidative Activity in Some Spices
Protein Cleavage Due to Pro-oxidative Activity in Some Spices Sittiwat Lertsiri Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science, Mahidol University Phayathai, Bangkok 10400 Thailand Kanchana Dumri Department
More informationReactive Oxygen species ROS + Anti-oxidants. Dr. Naif Karadsheh
Reactive Oxygen species ROS + Anti-oxidants Dr. Naif Karadsheh Oxygen Toxicity & Free Radicals Biradical O 2 Radical O 2 Non-Radical Radical H 2 O 2 OH ROS O 2 Metabolism and Toxicity O 2 Consumption >90%
More informationAntioxidant Properties of Sugarcane Extracts
Proceedings of First Biannual World Conference on Recent Developments in Sugar Technologies, Delray Beach, FL, May 16 17, 2002 Antioxidant Properties of Sugarcane Extracts Dr. Michael Saska, Professor
More informationAnalysis report ORAC Europe BV
Analysis report ORAC Europe BV initials investigator Customer name: Hak Agrofeed BV att. Mr. B. Hak Leemansstraat 2 4251 LD Werkendam The Netherlands Amount of samples delivered: 63 samples Date of sample
More informationCHEM104 Exp. 9 Phytochemical Antioxidants with Potential Benefits in Foods Part I. 1
EM104 Exp. 9 Phytochemical Antioxidants with Potential Benefits in Foods Part I. 1 ame People have known and believed for a long time that eating certain foods is good for their health. owever, it is difficult
More informationUSDA Database for the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) of Selected Foods, Release 2
USDA Database for the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) of Selected Foods, Release 2 Prepared by Nutrient Data Laboratory Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center (BHNRC) Agricultural Research
More informationAnalysis report ORAC Europe BV
Analysis report ORAC Europe BV initials investigator Customer name: Hak Agrofeed BV att. Mr. B. Hak Leemansstraat 2 4251 LD Werkendam The Netherlands Amount of samples delivered: 10 samples Date of sample
More informationSensitivity of mammalian cells to higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species induced by radiation or chemical treatment
Sensitivity of mammalian cells to higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species induced by radiation or chemical treatment The reactive oxygen species (ROS) are group of very unstable compounds that
More informationABTS Assay Kit KF tests (96 well plate)
ABTS Assay Kit KF-01-002 250 tests (96 well plate) Index Introduction Pag. 1 Materials Pag. 2 Assay Principle Pag. 3 Sample preparation Pag. 4 Assay protocol Pag. 5 Data analysis Pag. 9 References Pag.
More informationORAC Values. Antioxidant measurement units
ORAC Values ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity) is a standardised test that was adopted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture to measure the Total Antioxidant Potency of foods and nutritional supplements.
More informationIntroduction. Cell Biology OLM
1 of 21 8/3/2011 1:46 PM Cell Biology OLM Introduction Anthocyanins are natural plant pigments that give various fruits, vegetables and flowers red, blue and purple color. Blueberries, blackberries, raspberries
More information02/12/13. Marketing Local Tomatoes by Promising Health Benefits. Consumer Health and Eating Habits. Alan Walters Ruplal Choudhary Travis Killion
Marketing Local Tomatoes by Promising Health Benefits Alan Walters Ruplal Choudhary Travis Killion Southern Illinois University Consumers today base part of their fresh produce purchase decisions on eating
More information2.1.1 Biological Molecules
2.1.1 Biological Molecules Relevant Past Paper Questions Paper Question Specification point(s) tested 2013 January 4 parts c and d p r 2013 January 6 except part c j k m n o 2012 June 1 part ci d e f g
More informationnumber Done by Corrected by Doctor
number 19 Done by حسام ابو عوض Corrected by وسيم ابو عبيدة Doctor د.نايف 1 P a g e GAGs and Glycoproteins: GAGs: long, unbranched heteropolysaccharides, made from زunits repeating disaccharide [Acidic
More informationJANUARY 6, 2014 HOW TO LIVE FOREVER: A STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN FRUIT. AUDREY NORRIS MNG RAEMIBUEHL, 4D Supervisor: Lorenz Marti
JANUARY 6, 2014 HOW TO LIVE FOREVER: A STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN FRUIT AUDREY NORRIS MNG RAEMIBUEHL, 4D Supervisor: Lorenz Marti Abstract: Though antioxidants are vital to healthy eating, as they protect
More informationPRODUCTION OF VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS FROM SOME CEREAL MILLING BY-PRODUCTS SAYED SAAD ABOZAIED SMUDA THESIS DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
PRODUCTION OF VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS FROM SOME CEREAL MILLING BY-PRODUCTS By SAYED SAAD ABOZAIED SMUDA B.Sc. Agric. Sci. (Food Science), Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., 2004 M.Sc. Agric. Sci. (Food Science), Fac.
More informationLujain Hamdan. Faisal Nimri
20 Lujain Hamdan Faisal Nimri...... Sources of NADPH [ The pentose phosphate pathway is the primary source of the NADPH and is the only source in RBC.] Cytosolic conversion of oxaloacetate to pyruvate
More informationDMPD Assay Kit KF tests (96 well plate)
DMPD Assay Kit KF-01-001 200 tests (96 well plate) Index Introduction Pag. 1 Materials Pag. 2 Assay Principle Pag. 3 Sample preparation Pag. 4 Assay protocol Pag. 5 Data analysis Pag. 9 References Pag.
More informationLipid Oxidation and its Implications to Food Quality and Human Health. Dong Uk Ahn Animal Science Department Iowa State University
Lipid Oxidation and its Implications to Food Quality and Human Health Dong Uk Ahn Animal Science Department Iowa State University Introduction Process of Lipid Oxidation Free Radicals and Reactive Oxygen
More informationTargeted Health Regimen Every Targeted Health Regimen builds upon the Foundations of Optimal Health Regimen. Vision Health Regimen
Targeted Health Regimen Every Targeted Health Regimen builds upon the Foundations of Optimal Health Regimen. Vision Health Regimen Declining vision is a result of the normal aging process. Why should we
More informationQuality Assurance of Nutraceutical Health Claims: The Case for Antioxidants
Quality Assurance of Nutraceutical Health Claims: The Case for Antioxidants Jan Knight and Robert Knight Knight Scientific Limited The consumer of nutraceuticals perceives natural products to be safer
More informationOxiSelect Hydrogen Peroxide Assay Kit (Colorimetric)
Product Manual OxiSelect Hydrogen Peroxide Assay Kit (Colorimetric) Catalog Number STA-343 5 assays FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY Not for use in diagnostic procedures Introduction Oxidative stress is a physiological
More informationThe Effect of High Dose IV Vitamin C on Plasma Antioxidant Capacity and Level of Oxidative Stress in Cancer Patients and Healthy Subjects
The Effect of High Dose IV Vitamin C on Plasma Antioxidant Capacity and Level of Oxidative Stress in Cancer Patients and Healthy Subjects N.A Mikirova, Ph.D.; J.A. Jackson, Ph.D., MT(ASCP); Neil H Riordan,
More informationDigestion and Human Health
Digestion and Human Health The Molecules of Living Systems There are three main fluid components in your body Cytoplasm in your cells Fluid between your cells Fluid in your blood The also contain many
More informationAntioxidant Products
Antioxidant Products Introduction Introduction Antioxidant Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) Ransel Ransod Glutathione Reductase Antioxidants help defend living organisms against free radical attack. Many
More informationState of the art ingredients fast friendly service
ALPHA-LIPOIC ACID An Efficient Antioxidant α-lipoic acid also known as thioctic acid, plays an important role in metabolic processes. It functions as a co-factor for a number of key enzymes that help in
More informationMembrane lipid peroxidation by ultrasound: Mechanism and implications
J. Biosci., Vol. 15, Number 3, September 1990, pp. 211 215. Printed in India. Membrane lipid peroxidation by ultrasound: Mechanism and implications A. K. JANA, S. AGARWAL and S. N. CHATTERJEE* Biophysics
More informationEffects of Diet, Packaging and Irradiation on Protein Oxidation, Lipid Oxidation of Raw Broiler Thigh Meat
AS 659 ASL R26 203 Effects of Diet, Packaging and Irradiation on Protein Oxidation, Lipid Oxidation of Raw Broiler Thigh Meat Shan Xiao Iowa State University Wan Gang Zhang Iowa State University Eun Joo
More informationHawaiian Spirulina Pacifica
Hawaiian Spirulina Pacifica World s Healthiest Food More nutrition gram-per-gram than any other product in the world Spirulina Nutrient Comparison Spirulina has 300% more calcium than whole milk Good for
More informationC 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O
Sample Questions for the Individual Round Exam 1. Glucose is the most basic sugar involved in human metabolism. Its structure is provided below: a. The overall reaction of glucose metabolism is given below.
More informationAntioxidant Activity of the plant Andrographis paniculata (Invitro)
Chapter 4 Antioxidant Activity of the plant Andrographis paniculata (Invitro) 4.1 INTRODUCTION Antioxidants prevents or repairs the cells against reactive oxygen species, reduces damage caused by free
More informationImpact of Chemical and Physical Properties on the Ability of Antioxidants to Inhibit Lipid Oxidation in Foods
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 2008 Impact of Chemical and Physical Properties on the Ability of Antioxidants to Inhibit Lipid Oxidation
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Antiradical and antioxidant activity of flavones from Scutellariae baicalensis radix
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Antiradical and antioxidant activity of flavones from Scutellariae baicalensis radix Dorota Woźniak A, Andrzej Dryś B, and Adam Matkowski* A A Department of Pharmaceutical Biology
More informationWorksheet Chapter 17: Food chemistry glossary
Worksheet 17.1 Chapter 17: Food chemistry glossary Aldehydes (alkanals) A homologous series of compounds with the general formula RCHO, where the CHO group (the aldehyde group) consists of a carbonyl group
More informationSPIRULYSAT. An antioxidant- and vitamin-boosted spirulina revolution for cosmetic use that you have never encountered before
SPIRULYSAT An antioxidant- and vitamin-boosted spirulina revolution for cosmetic use that you have never encountered before Agenda Aqua Bio Technology ASA Microalgae Spirulina Phycocyanin SPIRULYSAT Aqua
More information49 Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi Vol. /0, No. +,, 0// 0/3 (,**3)
49 Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi Vol. /0, No. +,, 0// 0/3 (,**3) 655 B,B,C,E +, DPPH ORAC * + *, ++, -Diphenyl-,-picrylhydrazyl Radical-scavenging Capacity and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity
More information10 MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT ANTIOXIDANTS
10 MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT ANTIOXIDANTS Excitement around antioxidants has diminished, replaced by polarised views and misconceptions that have started to impede industry use of the ingredient in supplements
More informationPractice Questions for Biochemistry Test A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Practice Questions for Biochemistry Test 1. The quaternary structure of a protein is determined by: A. interactions between distant amino acids of the same polypeptide. B.interactions between close amino
More informationAntioxidant Capacity of Pure Compounds and Complex Mixtures Evaluated by the ORAC-Pyrogallol Red Assay in the Presence of Triton X-100 Micelles
Molecules 2010, 15, 6152-6167; doi:10.3390/molecules15096152 Article OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Antioxidant Capacity of Pure Compounds and Complex Mixtures Evaluated
More informationChapter 11 Nutrition: Food for Thought
Chapter 11 Nutrition: Food for Thought Do you think about the food that goes into your body and how it affects you? How can you interpret the various nutrition information found in the press? What are
More informationAdditives for polyolefines: chemistry involved and innovative effects
Additives for polyolefines: chemistry involved and innovative effects Abstract Because many synthetic resins suffer from photo degradation, the investigation of ways to inhibit or at least retard this
More informationFolin Ciocalteau Phenolic Content Quantification Assay Kit KB tests (96 well plate)
Folin Ciocalteau Phenolic Content Quantification Assay Kit KB-03-006 400 tests (96 well plate) Index Introduction Materials Assay Principle Pre-Assay protocol Assay protocol Data analysis References Warranties
More informationIron Chelates and Unwanted Biological Oxidations
The Virtual Free Radical School Iron Chelates and Unwanted Biological Oxidations Kevin D. Welch and Steven D. Aust Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Biotechnology Center Utah State University Logan,
More informationEH1008 Biomolecules. Inorganic & Organic Chemistry. Water. Lecture 2: Inorganic and organic chemistry.
EH1008 Biomolecules Lecture 2: Inorganic and organic chemistry limian.zheng@ucc.ie 1 Inorganic & Organic Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry: generally, substances that do not contain carbon Inorganic molecules:
More informationMid Term Test- Template Questions
Mid Term Test- Template Questions Name : ID : Time: Date: Total points: 100 Instructions: 1. Only 20 questions from Section I and II, 10 questions from Section III will be counted for grading. 2. Try to
More informationOrganic photosynthetic reactions
rganic photosynthetic reactions Singlet oxygen 2 " excited state! excited state 3 2 ground state atomic orbitals molecular orbitals atomic orbitals 5 rganic photosynthetic reactions Singlet oxygen lifetime
More information1.3.1 Function of Food. Why do we need food?
1.3.1 Function of Food Why do we need food? Need to know The Function of Food Three reasons for requiring food 2 Food is needed for: 1.Energy 2.Growth of new cells and Repair of existing cells, tissues,
More informationTHERMAL STABILITY OF TRIACYLGLYCEROLS IN EDIBLE OILS & TRIOLEIN MODEL SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF -CAROTENE. Alam Zeb, Michael Murkovic
THERMAL STABILITY OF TRIACYLGLYCEROLS IN EDIBLE OILS & TRIOLEIN MODEL SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF -CAROTENE Alam Zeb, Michael Murkovic Abstract Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology (TUG)
More informationANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE 1,7-DIARYLHEPTANOIDS AND THEIR METAL COMPLEXES
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE 1,7-DIARYLHEPTANOIDS AND THEIR METAL COMPLEXES Malini.P.T Lanthanide complexes of curcuminoids Thesis. Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, 2004 CHAPTER IV ANTIOXIDANT
More informationAçai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Polyphenolics in Their Glycoside and Aglycone Forms Induce Apoptosis of HL-60 Leukemia Cells
Below are several Abstracts of studies done on Açai that have been published in peer-review journals. These are only the abstracts, but they give the gist of the study, and where you can find and/or purchase
More informationBiomolecules. Unit 3
Biomolecules Unit 3 Atoms Elements Compounds Periodic Table What are biomolecules? Monomers vs Polymers Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Minerals Vitamins Enzymes Triglycerides Chemical Reactions
More informationCHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW. Maillard reaction has been well understood as a non-enzymatic reaction
4 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Maillard Reaction Products (MRPs) Maillard reaction has been well understood as a non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids to generate the Maillard
More informationQuantification of Total Phenolics in Different Parts of Pluchea indica (Less) Ethanolic and Water Extracts
Pertanika J. Sci. & Technol. 19 (1): 19 24 (2011) ISSN: 0128-7680 Universiti Putra Malaysia Press Quantification of Total Phenolics in Different Parts of Pluchea indica (Less) Ethanolic and Water Extracts
More informationAcid/Base chemistry. NESA Biochemistry Fall 2001 Review problems for the first exam. Complete the following sentences
1 NESA Biochemistry Fall 2001 eview problems for the first exam Acid/Base chemistry 1. 2 3 is a weak acid. 2. The anion of a weak acid is a weak base 3. p is the measure of a solutions acidity. 4. 3 and
More informationPreparation and characterization of Aloe vera extract
Chapter 2 Preparation and characterization of Aloe vera extract 2.1. INTRODUCTION Aloe vera ethanolic extract was prepared according to Noor et.al, 2008 with few modifications. The phytochemical analysis
More informationAC Cinnamon Liposome Skin Brightening + Natural Skin Lightener + Antioxidant. Tomorrow s Vision Today!
AC Cinnamon Liposome Skin Brightening + Natural Skin Lightener + Antioxidant Tomorrow s Vision Today! AC Cinnamon Liposome Technical Information: Code: 16098 INCI Name: Water & Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract
More informationNothing Compares to Fiji Achievers 2012
Nothing Compares to Fiji Achievers 2012 HEALTH & WELLNESS Nature Organic farms Natural ingredients Best of Nature. Best of Science Science NHI Seed to supplement Research Affiliations Nutrilite Experience
More informationFOOD. Why do we need food? What's in our food? There are 3 trace elements, Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn).
Why do we need food? FOOD 1. As a source of energy keeps our cells and us alive. 2. To make chemicals for our metabolic reactions. 3. As raw materials for growth and repair of our cells and body. What's
More informationInvestigations on its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potential
- 1 - CITROZINE Investigations on its antioxidative and CITROFRESH SUPERCONCENTRATE anti-inflammatory potential Investigator and responsible for the correctness of the test protocol, results, conclusions
More informationLipid Oxidation in Muscle Foods
Lipid Oxidation in Muscle Foods Unique Challenges with Oxidation in Muscle Foods Rancidity is a major shelf-life limiting factor in frozen muscle foods NaCl generally accelerates oxidation Oxidation accelerates
More informationPRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN-VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF MELOCHIA CORCHORIFOLIA PLANT EXTRACTS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY Available online at www.ijrpc.com Research Article PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN-VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF MELOCHIA
More informationSinglet Oxygen Production Photosensitized by Fluorescein in Reversed Micellar Solutions. Norio Miyoshi and Giiti Tomita*
Singlet Oxygen Production Photosensitized by Fluorescein in Reversed Micellar Solutions Norio Miyoshi and Giiti Tomita* Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812,
More informationFree Radicals in Biology and Medicine
Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine 0 \ Second Edition BARRY HALLIWELL Professor of Medical Biochemistry, University of London King's College and JOHN M.C. GUTTERIDGE Senior Scientist, National Institute
More information- Spontaneous hemorrhaging increase
MEDCHEM 562-2014 Fat Soluble Vitamins Problem Set 1. Fill out the blanks in the table below. Vitamin Physiological Function Deficiency symptoms Toxicity A -Vision -Cell Differentiation -Inhibition of Cell
More informationNM interference in the DCF assay
Project: VIGO NM interference in the DCF assay Quenching effects DCF AUTHORED BY: DATE: Cordula Hirsch 20.01.14 REVIEWED BY: DATE: Harald Krug 09.04.2014 APPROVED BY: DATE: DOCUMENT HISTORY Effective Date
More informationBridging task for 2016 entry. AS/A Level Biology. Why do I need to complete a bridging task?
Bridging task for 2016 entry AS/A Level Biology Why do I need to complete a bridging task? The task serves two purposes. Firstly, it allows you to carry out a little bit of preparation before starting
More informationMolecules of Life. Chapter 22. Great Idea: A cell s major parts are constructed from a few simple molecular building blocks 1
Molecules of Life Chapter 22 Great Idea: A cell s major parts are constructed from a few simple molecular building blocks 1 Chapter Outline Organic Molecules Organic Chemistry Proteins: The Workhorses
More informationThis student paper was written as an assignment in the graduate course
77:222 Spring 2001 Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine Page 0 This student paper was written as an assignment in the graduate course Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine (77:222, Spring 2001) offered
More informationClasses of Nutrients A Diet
Ch. 7 Notes Section 1: What is Nutrition? is the science or study of food and the ways the body uses food. are substances in food that provide energy or help form body tissues and are necessary for life
More informationLife s molecular diversity is based on the. properties of carbon. Chain Ring Branching chain
Carbon Compounds Life s molecular diversity is based on the properties of carbon Chain Ring Branching chain The Chemistry of Carbon : carbon based Carbon can make 4 covalent bonds The foundation of organic
More informationProteins. Amino acids, structure and function. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012 Robert J. Lefkowitz Brian K. Kobilka
Proteins Amino acids, structure and function The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012 Robert J. Lefkowitz Brian K. Kobilka O O HO N N HN OH Ser65-Tyr66-Gly67 The Nobel prize in chemistry 2008 Osamu Shimomura,
More informationDepartment of Food Science and Technology (FST) Oregon State University Phone: (541)
FINAL REPORT WTFRC Project # PH-1-126 Title: Principal Investigators: Health Benefits of Apples Ronald E. Wrolstad, Ph.D. Department of Food Science and Technology (FST) Oregon State University Phone:
More informationThis student paper was written as an assignment in the graduate course
77:222 Spring 2003 Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine Page 0 This student paper was written as an assignment in the graduate course Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine (77:222, Spring 2003) offered
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Development of a Highly Sensitive Fluorescence Probe for Hydrogen Peroxide Masahiro Abo,, Yasuteru Urano, Kenjiro Hanaoka,, Takuya Terai,, Toru Komatsu, and Tetsuo Nagano,, * Graduate
More informationAP Biology Protein Structure and Enzymes
AP Biology Protein Structure and Enzymes Connection to the Nitrogen-cycle Amino acids (protein) Nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) ATP 78% 1. Assimilation of nitrate by photosynthetic eukaryotes 2. Nitrogen fixation
More information6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Free radicals are chemical species containing one or more unpaired electrons, like hydrogen atom, most transition metal ions, nitric oxide and oxygen, with two unpaired electrons.
More informationAN ACTIVE SHELTER AGAINST POLLUTION V.16
AN ACTIVE SHELTER AGAINST POLLUTION V.16 THE SKIN IS CONSTANTLY EXPOSED The skin is an interface and thus is constantly exposed to environmental agents: Sun radiation Smoke Air pollution Free radicals
More informationMyBioSource.com. OxiSelect Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assay Kit. Product Manual. Catalog Number
Product Manual OxiSelect Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assay Kit Catalog Number Introduction Oxidative stress is a physiological condition where there is an imbalance between concentrations
More informationAntioxidant Capacity of Extra-Virgin Olive Oils
Antioxidant Capacity of Extra-Virgin Olive Oils Paolino Ninfali*, Gianfranca Aluigi, Mara Bacchiocca, and Mauro Magnani Istituto di Chimica Biologica "G. Fornaini," University of Urbino, Urbino (PS), Italy
More informationSummary of the publication cycle entitled: I.-III III
Summary of the publication cycle entitled: Interactions of bioactive ingredients of coffee and selected functional supplements as factor modifying their potential biological activity" Consumption of foods
More informationThe Structure and Function of Biomolecules
The Structure and Function of Biomolecules The student is expected to: 9A compare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic
More informationNATURES BEST GREENS SIMPLY SHAKE WELL (THE SEEDS MAY HAVE SETTLED) TEAR THE TOP OFF SQUEEZE AND EXPERIENCE PURE SEED NUTRITION
NATURES BEST GREENS SIMPLY SHAKE WELL (THE SEEDS MAY HAVE SETTLED) TEAR THE TOP OFF SQUEEZE AND EXPERIENCE PURE SEED NUTRITION SEEDS. It s a simple concept, and you re going to love it. We ve taken the
More informationMechanisms of Enzymes
Mechanisms of Enzymes Presented by Dr. Mohammad Saadeh The requirements for the Pharmaceutical Biochemistry I Philadelphia University Faculty of pharmacy How enzymes work * Chemical reactions have an energy
More informationMouse Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) Fluorescent Detection Kit
Mouse Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) Fluorescent Detection Kit CATALOG NO: IRAAKT2552 LOT NO: SAMPLE INTENDED USE The Hydrogen Peroxide Fluorescent Detection Kit is designed to quantitatively measure H2O2 in
More informationBrowning Reactions. Maillard browning. Caramelization high temps. Enzymatic browning. + flavors. brown pigments. + flavors.
Browning Reactions Maillard browning reducing sugar + amine Caramelization sugar high temps Enzymatic browning phenolics polyphenoloxidase brown pigments + flavors brown pigments + flavors brown pigments
More informationAlgal ingredients for health and potential for use in abatement of GHG emissions
Algal ingredients for health and potential for use in abatement of GHG emissions Dr Maria Hayes Scientific Research Officer, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland. Email: Maria.Hayes@teagasc.ie
More informationBIOASTIN Bioastin is product that contains 4 mg astaxantin and 50 i.e. vitamin E (α-tocopherol) per tabl.. Carotenoids are family of around 700 substa
INTRODUCTION In 1956 Rebecca Gerchman and Daniel Gilbert detected toxic effect of superoxid on aerobs. Till today there are identificated many free radicals. Their toxic effect is registrated in more than
More informationTypes of Free Radicals
Terminology Lipid Oxidation and Lipid peroxidation Free Radicals and Reactive oxygen species Fatty acyl group and methylene group Hydroperoxides and lipid peroxides Peroxyl radicals and alkoxyl radicals
More informationPURE ASTAXANTHIN. Characteristic. Origin. Concept. Function. Product
ASTAXANTHIN 1 2 3 4 5 Characteristic Origin Concept Function Product Characteristic Astaxanthin is a carotenoid. It belongs to a larger class of phytochemicals known as terpenes, which are built from five
More informationLifePak Health Benefits. LifePak is optimum supplementation for:
LifePak What is LifePak? Our comprehensive nutritional wellness program delivering the optimum amounts of all essential and generally beneficial nutrients for long-term health and well-being. LifePak Health
More informationImportant reactions of lipids
Taif University College of Medicine Preparatory Year Students Medical chemistry (2) Part II (Lipids) week 4 lectures 1435-36 Important reactions of lipids Lectures outlines Definition and importance of
More informationAging and nutrition 03/11/2012. Why do people age? Oxidative stress and damage
Aging and nutrition % of elderly people in Canadian population is increasing more than for other age groups within the elderly age group there is great variability in terms health, metabolism, physical
More informationOCR (A) Biology A-level
OCR (A) Biology A-level Topic 2.2: Biological molecules Notes Water Water is a very important molecule which is a major component of cells, for instance: Water is a polar molecule due to uneven distribution
More informationChemical Formulas. Chemical Formula CH 3 COCHCHOCHClCHNH Lewis Dot Structure
Biochemistry . Chemical Formulas A chemical formula represents the chemical makeup of a compound. It shows the numbers and kinds of atoms present in a compound. It is a kind of shorthand that scientists
More information