Potato Varietal Tests

Transcription

1 Potato Varietal Tests Two nurseries were cftab7iched during 1967, one at the Redmond location and the other at the Madras location of the Central Oregon Experiment Station. The same twenty-four varieties or lines occurred in each nursery. Both nurseries received too much fertilizer and this may have changed the relative placement of the variety in comparison to other years. As nearly as could be calculated, approximately 35# of fertilizer was banded at each location. No early blight was cbserved at either location, this fact very mere affected the relative placement of varieties or lines like Haag, which are highly susceptible to this disease. While the placement of the varieties varied somewhat at each location (See Tables No. 6 and 7), no variety or line occurring in the top third of the varieties in one nursery occurred in the bottom third of the varieties in the other nursery. The three red varieties, Red Pontiac, Red Lasoda and La Rouge, were probably the highest yielding varieties of the group. Shoshoni, Monona and Haag produced better under this high fertility low Early Blight relationship than they have in passed years. Norgold and Kennebec did not produce relatively well in this environmental condition. Russet Burbank produced roughly 2/3 the tonnage of the top yielding variety in the Redmond Nursery with 2.8 tons per acre and approximately 3/4 at the Madras Station. The percentage of No. 1 potatoes was very low at each location. This was very probably due to the interaction of the hot summer x high fertility x irrigation. The specific gravity of all the varieties was considerably lower at Redmond than at Madras and the yield was much higher. These points probably reflect the difference in irrigation methods. The sprinkler system at Redmond made more nutrients available all of the time while the water penetration problem at Madras, where row irrigation was fol- ie lowed, limited the availability of the nutrients. Of the varieties shown in Table No. 8, not one variety is capable of competing in the same market as Russet Burbank. Several have russeting, but are round or ovoid rather than long. Many of the varieties are round and have smooth skin.

2 15 Yield wise it would not be difficult to replace Russet Burbank and in a normal year many varieties will have a better grade. However, as long as the market is established around a long, white russetted potato with good keeping qualities and relatively high specific gravity, the variety which replaces Russet Burbank in this market will have to be equal to or superior in these qualities. The varieties tested here do not have these qualities. Norgold has the shape and russeting, but generally the yield is low and keeping qualities are poor. Some of the round, white varieties and lines tend to green in the soil even though they are covered with soil. The greening was not associated with cracks in the soil, but rather the depth of the soil above the tuber. It is questionable whether there is need to continue with two locations of this experiment and possibly it is needless to continue the testing on a continual basis. Perhaps one testing program in the state could eliminate the large majority of the new material and the local areas test only that material which may have an influence on their market. Appendix Tables No. 24 and 25 present the Specific Gravity by Replicate and shows the multiple range segnificance at the five percent level.

3 Table No. 6 The Yield, Multiple Range Significance, Yield of No. 1 Potatoes, Percentage of arket Grade and Specific Gravity for Twenty-four Varieties or Lines of Potatoes Grown at The Redmond Location of the Central Oregon Experiment Station Variety or _ Line Total Yield Tons/Acre Total Yield 5% Significance Yield No. 1 Tons/Acre No. 1 Market Grade Percentage S No. 2 Culls Specific Gravity_ Red Pontiac Red Lasoda La Rouble Katandin Shoshoni B Sebago Alaskan Russet Haag Monona Russet Rural B Penobscott Kennebec Snowflake Russet Burbank Norgold B L.S.D.@5% C. V. %

4 Table No. 7 The Yield, Multiple Range Significance, Yield of No. 1 Potatoes, Percentage of Market Grade and Specific Gravity for Twenty-four Varieties or Lines of Potatoes Grown at The Madras Location of the Central Oregon Experiment Station Variety or Line Total Total Yield Yield 5% Tons/Acre Significance Yield No. 1 Tons/Acre No. 1 Market Grade Percentage 1 No. 2 Specific Culls _fgravity La Rouge Shoshoni Monona Penobscott Red Lasoda Red Pontiac Katandin Haag Russet Rural Russet Burbank Sebago Snowflake Alaskan Russet Norgold Kennebec B L.S.O. 5% 4.3 C.V. % ! ' I f I

5 Table. 8 Physical Characteristics of Twenty-four Varieties or Lines of Potatoes Grown by the Central. Oregon Experiment Station Variety or Line Red Pontiac Red Lasoda La Rouge Katandin Shoshoni Sebago Alaskan Russet Haag Monona Russet Rural Penobscott Kennebec Snowflake Russet Burbank Worgol d ib Skin Skin Color Russeting Red slight Red smooth Red smooth White smooth white medium white smooth white slight white heavy white medium white smooth white medtheavy white i slight white slight white smooth white slight white I smooth white j heavy white i heavy white smooth white heavy white smooth white i smooth white slight Eye Longitudinal 1 Crossection Depth Shape Shape 1-- deep round i ovid to round med.-deep 1 round 1 ovoid 1round-oblong!round-ovoid round ;flat to ovoid some deep 1round flat to ovoid long ;flat to ovoid round ;flat to ovoid long round deep round!flat to ovoid deep round i ovoid long 1 ovoid round i ovoid round ovoid round ovoid round to long! flat round ;flat to ovoid long (flat to ovoid round 'flat to ovoid!short dormancy period (1) round flat long round round round ovoid ovoid Remarks small tubers strong tcndoncy dir deep stem&blossomend pits! small tubers Ismail tubers!tendency to green poor keeper,heavy greening; (1) Breaking dormancy by 12/2 perhaps.ttorage temperatures too high

6 61 Appendix Table No. 11 The Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphate and Potassium Fertilizer Applications on the Yield of Russet Burbank Potatoes A. E. Albertsen Farm, Powell Butte, Oregon Fertilizer Application Yield of Potatoes in Tons Per Acre By Replicate P 2 5 II III IV Ave. 1 (2) 75/ 8 (1) , (2x2) 225 (2x2) 45 (2x2) 225 (disc) (disc) 225 (plow) 45 (plow) 75/ 75/ / /375 75/ 75/375 75/375 75/375 (1) (1) No Zinc - All other treatments received 3# Zn SO4 in band Replication lost to water rot

7 Appendix Table No. 12 The Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphate and Potassium Treatments on the Market Grade of Russet Burbank Potatoes Grown on the A. E. Albertsen Farm, Powell Butte, Oregon Firtilizer4Wcation N P oz.+ 1 oz.- Total 1 oz.+ No. 2 1 oz.- Total Culls 8 75/ , , (2x2) 225 (2x2) 45 (2x2) 225 disc 3.3C disc 225 plow 45 plow 75/ 75/ / /375 75/ 75/375 75/375 75/ ; /:2 1.8 j _1

8 63 Appendix Table No. 13 The Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphate and Potassium Fertilizer Treatments on the Specific Gravity of Russet Burbank Potatoes A. E. Albertsen Farm, Powell Butte, Oregon Fertilizer Application N P2O5 K I Specific Gravity By Replicate II III IV Ave / pl (1) (2) (2x2) 225 (2x2) 45 (2x2) 225 disc disc 225 plow 45 pl 75/p1 75/375 pl / /375 pl 75/ pl 75/375 p1 75/375 pl 75/375p1(1) (1) No zinc - all other treatments received 3# Zn SO4 in band (2) Replication lost to water rot

9 Appendix Table No. 14 The Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphate and Potassium Fertilizer Applications on the Yield of Russet Burbank Potatoes Madras Location - Central Oregon Experiment Station Fertilizer Application 1 "N P 2 5 K Yield of I Potatoes in Tons By Replicate II III Per Acre IV Ave p1(2) ' p1(2) , (1) , i L..D. O 5%' ns C. V. % (1) Received 3#/A Zn SO 4 remainder of Treatments no Zinc (2) Phosphate plowed down - other treatments banded.

10 Appendix Table No. 15 The Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphate and Potassium Treatm2nts on the Market Grade of Russet Burbank Potatoes - Madras Location - Central Oregon Experiment Station r- Fertilizer Application P2:5 No. 1 No. 2 1 oz.+ 1 oz.- Total 1 oz.+ 1 oz.- Total Culls , or, pl(2) pl(2) (1) , , (1) 3# Zinc Sulphate per acre - other treatments no zinc (2) Phosphate plowed down prior to planting

11 Appendix Table No. 16 The Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphate and Potassium Fertilizer Applications on the Specific Gravity of Russet Burbank Potatoes Madras Location - Central Oregon Experiment Station Fertilizer Application N P2O5 - K I Specific Gravity By Replicate II III IV Ave. -, ' p1(2) p1(2) (1) L.S.D. 5% ns C. V. %.298 (1) 3# Zinc Sulphate per acre - other treatments no Zinc (2) Phosphate plowed down prior to planting

12 67 Appendix Table Po. 17 The Effect of Several Fertilizer Treatments on the Percentage Phosphorus Content of the Petioles(1) of Russet Burbank Potatoes Madras Location - Central Oregon Experiment Station _. Fertilizer Anplication P 2 5 Percentage Phosphorus in Petioles (1) By Replicate IV. Ave p1(2) p1(2) (3) i I (1) tan late bud or early bloom (2) Plowed down (3) Received 3#/A Zn SO4 - remainder of treatments no Zinc

13 Appendix Table No. 18 The Effect of Several Fertilizer Treatments on the Percentage Potassium Content of the Petioles(1) of Russet Burbank Potatoes Madras Location - Central Oregon Experiment Station Fertilizer Application N P25 K - -, pl(2) pl(2) (3) I Percentage Potassium in By Replicate I II 4, III Petioles IV (1) -- Ave, a , i 11.8 i (1)Sample taken late bud or early bloom (2)Plowed down (3) Received 3#/A Zn SO r. - remainder of treatments no Zinc

14 69 Appendix Table No. 19 The Effect of Several Fertilizer Treatments on the Percentage Calcium Content of the Petioles (1) of Russet Burbank Potatoes Madras Location - Central Oregon Experiment Station Fertilizer Application P 2 5 p Percentage Calcium in Petioles By Replicate IV (1) Ave pl(2) p1(2) I ; ( (1) Sample taken late bud or early bloom (2) Plowed down (3) Received 3#/A Zn SO 4 - remainder of treatments no Zinc

15 7 Appendix Table No. 2 The Effect of Several Fertilizer Treatments on the Percentage Magnesium Content of the Petioles(1) of Russet Burbank Potatoes Madras Location - Central Oregon Experiment Station Fertilizer Application I Percentage Magnesium in Petioles ( ) By Replicate P 2 5 1IV Ave pl(2) ' ' pl(2) ' j (3) L_ (1) Sample taken late bud or early bloom (2) Plowed down (3) Received 3#/A Zn SO4 - remainder of Treatments no Zinc

16 71 Appendix Table No. 21 The Effect of Several Fertilizer Treatments on the P.P.M. Zinc Content of the Petioles(1) of Russet Burbank Potatoes Madras Location - Central Oregon Experiment Station Fertilizer Applicarion Zinc in Petiole (1) Replicate III N P2O5 K I IV P..H. By p1(2) ! pl(2) (3) i (1)Sample taken late bud or early bloom (2) Plowed down (3) Received 3#/A Zn SO4 -remainder of treatments no Zinc

17 72 Appendix Table No. 22 The Effect of Several Fertilizer Treatments on the P.P.M. Manganese Content of the Petioles(1) of Russet Burbank Potatoes Madras Location - Central Oregon Experiment Station 'Fertilizer Applicaticy, N P25 I P.P.M. Manganese in By Replicate II III Petiole IV (1) Ave pl(2) pl(2) (3) Z (1) Sample taken late bud or early bloom (2) Plowed down (3) Received 3#/A Zn SO4 - remainder of treatments no Zinc

18 73 Appendix Table No. 23 The Effect of Several Fertilizer Treatments on the P.P.M. Iron Content of the Petioles(1) of Russet Burbank Potatoes Madras Location - Central Oregon Experiment Station j Fertilizer Application P.P.M. Iron in Petiole (1) By Replicate N 2 5 I II III IV Ave ! , (1) Sample taken late bud or early bloom

19 Appendix Table No. 24 The Specific Gravity of Twenty-four Varieties or Lines of Potatoes Grown on The Redmond Location of the Central Oregon Experiment Station The Table Presents Data by Replicate Pverage, Indicates Multiple Range Significance of the Entries '----V-a-H e.--ey - --T--- c, necifi c Gravity or Line ----"-- I II I y III Replicate IV ; I, B t Snowflake Sebago ' Kennebec irusset Rural Russet Burbank Penobscott B Alaskan Russet Haag B ikatandin , Red Lasoda Monona Red Pontiac INorgold , ' Shoshon "i La Rouge B ii (i)1--u-16e- ' - Range --"- ' Ave. Significance 5% : ' J I i ; , T

20 Appendix Table No. 25 The Specific Gravity of Twenty-four Varieties or Lines of Potatoes Grown on The Madras Location of the Central Oregon Experiment Station The Table Presents Data by Replicate & Average, & Indicates Multiple Range Significance of the Entries by Variety Specific Gravity Replicate 11) Multiple Range' I, III! 1 IV V Ave. Significance 5% Sebago Russet Burbank Penobscott Snowflake Haag 1.78 : 1.83 Katadhin 1.78 : 1.87 Kennebec Russet Rural Shoshoni Red Lasoda Alaskan Russet La Rouge ' (2) :Monona Red Pontiac INorgold 1.62 I I r i i I i (1) Original calculations carried out to one more significant digit (2)Corrected value