Differently processed yeast products and their impact on feed intake and development of intestinal physiology in weaned piglets

Transcription

1 Differently processed yeast products and their impact on feed intake and development of intestinal physiology in weaned piglets Birgit Keimer R&D Manager Biochem Zusatzstoffe GmbH, Lohne PhD student FU/HU Berlin Feed Additives 2017, Frankfurt

2 Agenda Yeast products and their impact on feed intake 1. Introduction: Weaning and feed intake 2. Yeast products in pig nutrition 3. Feeding test with differently processed yeast products - 2 -

3 Average Dry Matter Intake (g/pig) Introduction Weaning: A critical phase in piglet`s life Effects of weaning on feed intake Suckling period Day after weaning Week after weaning Reduced feed intake negatively affect: Growth performance Intestinal development Intestinal morphology Immune system Diarrhea incidence 1 Redrawn from Brooks and Tsourgiannis,

4 Introduction Taste preferences of piglets Preference for sweet taste (e.g. highly digestible starch, simple sugars) and umami-taste (e.g. specific protein sources rich in glutamic acid). (Sola-Oriol et al., 2014) High relevance of offering a well balanced diet particularly regarding the most limiting amino acids in combination with use of non-essential amino acids (such as glutamic acid). (Roura & Fu, 2017) Pigs avoid compounds, which have a unpleasent bitter taste, e.g. toxins. (Roura & Fu, 2017) Literature: Roura, E. & Fu, M., Taste, nutrient sensing and feed intake in pigs (130 years of research: then, now and future), Animal Feed Science and Technology (2017) Torrallardona, D. & Roura, E., Voluntary Feed Intake in Pigs, Wageningen Academic Publishers (2009) - 4 -

5 Introduction Feed materials to improve palatability Suckling period (d7-21 of age): 6% Plasma, H.Yeast or Plasma+ H.Yeast (50:50) Pre-starter (d21-35 of age): 4% Plasma, H.Yeast or Plasma+ H.Yeast (50:50) Starter (d36-63 of age): 2% Plasma, H.Yeast or Plasma+ H.Yeast (50:50) All diets were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic The combination of plasma + H.Yeast may have synergistic effects Riguera et al. (2013) R. Bras. Zootec., p

6 Yeast products in pig nutrition Different forms Yeast is known for its positive effects on food palatabilty in human and animal nutrition. Active Dry Yeast (Probiotic) Yeast Cell Walls (Prebiotic) Yeast products in animal nutrition Dead Yeast (Feed Material) Hydrolysed Yeast, Yeast Extract 6

7 Yeast products in pig nutrition Different strains Documentation in swine: Use in animal nutrition: Saccharomyces spp. Well described *PubMed: 618 Probiotic form and as inactivated yeast or parts thereof (e.g. yeast cell walls) Use in human nutrition: Yes Yes Kluyveromyces spp. Poorly described *PubMed: 8 Natural habitat: Ubiquitous, e.g. fruits Milk products *PubMed: Saccharomyces/Kluyveromyces AND (swine OR pig OR piglet OR sow) AND (Animals)? 7

8 Feeding test I Trial design Hohenschulen research farm, University of Kiel 90 piglets (DL x DE) x BHZP, weaned at day 28 of age, n = 5, 9 piglets per pen Weaning weight: 9.0 kg per piglet Wheat/soybean meal based diet: Period 1 (d 1-14) :13.6 MJME+17.5% CP, 1.3% Lys Period 2 (d15-42): 13.4 MJ ME, 17.0% CP, 1.2% Lys 2 Treatment groups: Control vs. Hydrolysed Yeast (1% in Period 1, 0.5% in Period 2) - 8 -

9 Feeding test I Results P < 0.05 P < 0.1 Means + SD n = Keimer et al., 2016 BOKU Symposium, Vienna

10 Feeding test II Material & Methods 48 piglets (DanBreed x Pietrain), weaned at day 25 of age Trial duration: day 1 to 14 after weaning Wheat/soybean meal based diet: 13.6 MJ ME/kg, 20.4 %CP 3 treatment groups, n = 8, 2 piglets per pen Control HY DY No yeast Observations: Zootechnical performance Histological investigations Apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein and ether extract 1% hydrolysed yeast Kluyveromyces fragilis 1% of non-hydrolysed yeast Kluyveromyces fragilis Villus height 200 μm Crypt depth 10

11 kg Feeding test II Results Zootechnical performance + + P < 0.1 Means + SD n = 8 11 Keimer et al., 2017 BOKU Symposium, Vienna

12 Feeding test II Results Histological investigations P < 0.05 P < 0.05 Means + SD n = 8 12 Keimer et al., 2017 BOKU Symposium, Vienna

13 Feeding test II Results Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) + + P <0.1 + Means + SD n = 8 n = 7 n = 7 n = 8 n = 7 n = 8 (CON), n = 7 n = 7 (HY, DY) 13 Keimer et al., 2017 BOKU Symposium, Vienna

14 Feeding test II Results Correlation analysis (Pearson) Correlation between feed intake and villus height Control Hydrolysed yeast Dried yeast n = 8 n = 7 n = 7 n = 8 n = 7 n = 7 Correlation coefficient 0.784, P < Keimer et al., 2017 BOKU Symposium, Vienna

15 Conclusion Hydrolysed yeast (K. fragilis) has the potential to stimulate feed intake. Differences between hydrolysed yeast (HY) and non-hydrolysed yeast (DY) Hydrolysed yeast improves development of intestinal physiology. 15 Keimer et al., 2017 BOKU Symposium, Vienna

16 Conclusion Hydrolysed yeast (K. fragilis) has the potential to stimulate feed intake. Differences between hydrolysed yeast (HY) and non-hydrolysed yeast (DY) Hydrolysed yeast improves development of intestinal physiology. Thanks for your attention! 16

17 Appendix 17

18 Feeding test II Animals & Diets 48 post-weaning piglets (DanZucht x Piétrain), d of age n = 8, 2 piglets per pen ( + ) Treatment groups CON HY DY Ingredients (% as fed): Wheat Soybean meal, 44% CP Corn Barley Soybean oil Premix Titaniumdioxide Hydrolysed yeast (HY) Dried (non-hydrolysed) yeast (DY) Analysed chemical composition (% of DM) Crude protein Ether extract Crude fiber Crude ash Energy (MJ ME/kg DM)

19 Feeding test II Feed composition Treatment groups Ingredients (% as fed): CON HY DY Wheat Soybean meal, 44% CP Corn Barley Soybean oil Limestone Monocalcium-phosphate Vitamin/Mineral Premix L-Lysine-HCl DL-Methionine L-Threonine L-Tryptophan Titaniumoxide Hydrolyzed yeast Non-hydrolyzed yeast Contents per kg premix: 400,000 I.U. vitamin A (acetate); 120,000 I.U. vit. D 3 ; 8,000 mg vit. E ( -tocopherole acetate); 200 mg vit. K 3 (MSB); 250 mg Vit. B 1 (mononitrate); 420 mg vit. B 2 (cryst. riboflavin); 2500 mg niacin (niacinamide); 400 mg Vit. B 6 (HCl); 2000 µg vit. B 12 ; µg biotin (commercial, feed grade); 1,000 mg pantothenic acid (Ca d-pantothenate); 100 mg folic acid (cryst. commercial feed grade); 80,000 mg choline (chloride); 5,000 mg Zn (sulfate); 5,000 mg Fe (carbonate); 6,000 mg Mn (sulfate); 1,000 mg Cu (sulfate- pentahydrate); 20 mg Se (Na-selenite); 45 mg J (Ca-iodate); 130 g Na (NaCl); 55 g Mg (sulfate); 19

20 Feeding test II Feed composition (calculated) Ingredient % of DM Crude protein 19.1 Crude fat 5.0 Crude fiber 3.4 Crude ash 5.8 Lysine 1.35 Methionine 0.44 Methionine + Cystine 0.77 Threonine 0.79 Tryptophan 0.26 Calcium 0.94 Available phosphorus 0.44 Sodium 1.76 Energy (MJ ME/kg DM) 2) ) Calculated by using the estimation given by DLG (2013). 20

21 Feeding test II Zootechnical performance Control HY DY P-value Week 1 Initial BW (kg) 6.16 ± ± ± BW, day 7 (kg) 6.25 ± ± ± WG (kg per week) 0.09 ± ± ± FI (kg per week) 0.39 ± ± ± Week2 BW, day 7 (kg) 6.25 ± ± ± Final BW (kg) 7.09 ± ± ± WG (kg per week) 0.84 ± ± ± FI (kg per week) 2.48 a ± b ± a ± Total Initial BW (kg) 6.16 ± ± ± Final BW (kg) 7.09 ± ± ± WG (kg per week) 0.94 ± ± ± FI (kg per week) 2.86 ab ± b ± a ± ab different letters indicate significant differences. Means ± SD. n=8 T1 = control. T2 = 1% hydrolysed yeast. T3 = 1% non-hydrolysed yeast 21

22 Cumulative feed intake (g per piglet) Feeding test II Results Feed intake within first 7 days after weaning Control HY1 NHY1 DY Day after weaning Piglets from HY-Group started eating earlier and had a higher feed intake later on

23 Feeding test II Correlation analysis (Pearson) Correlation between feed intake and body weight Control Hydrolysed yeast Dried yeast n = 8 n = 7 n = 7 n = 8 n = 7 n = 7 Correlation coefficient 0.816, P <

24 Correlation analysis (Pearson) Apparent ileal digestibility Correlation between total feed intake and apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein (Correlation coefficient 0.612, p<0.01) Control Hydrolysed yeast Dried yeast Correlation between total feed intake and appaarent ileal digestibility of crude fat (Correlation coefficient 0.635, p<0.01) 24