Organic Molecules. 1. The structural formulas shown represent certain organic compounds found in living cells.

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1 Name: ate: 1. The structural formulas shown represent certain organic compounds found in living cells. 1. (1) () (3) Which formula represents a monosaccharide? (4) (5) Which formula represents a molecule of glycerol? page 1

2 3. The diagram shown represents the building block of a large molecule known as a 3.. protein. fatty acid. carbohydrate. nucleic acid 4. biochemist was given a sample of an unknown organic compound and asked to determine the class of organic compounds to which it belonged. The chart shown represents the results of biochemist s analysis of the sample. ased on these results, to which class of organic compounds did this sample belong? 4.. lipid. protein. salt. carbohydrate Element Number of toms per Molecule 1 O 11 S 0 N 0 P 0 page

3 5. Which structural formulas of organic compounds shown represent carbohydrates? 5. ) O O. / /. /.. / O. / O /. O O ) 3 O /. N. / O ) O O O ) O O O O. /. / /. /. /. /.. / O. /. / O. / O /. /. /. O O O O. and. and. and. and 6. Organic compounds in which molecules are made up of building blocks containing amino groups are classified as 6.. proteins. carbohydrates. lipids. fatty acids 7. Select the compound, chosen from the list below, which is most closely associated with this statement: 7. Some of these molecules are made from three fatty acids bonded to a molecule of glycerol.. arbohydrates. Lipids. Proteins. Water page 3

4 8. Select the compound, chosen from the list below, which is most closely associated with this statement: 8. These molecules are added during the process of hydrolysis and are removed during dehydration synthesis.. Lipids. Proteins. Vitamins. Water 9. Which types of compounds are not classified as carbohydrates? 9.. lipids. sugars. starches. polysaccharides 10. Which compound contains a peptide bond? 10. O O O O O O O O. / /. /.. / O. / O /. O O O O O O. / O O R O /. N N. / R O E.... E page 4

5 11. What do the three structural formulas represent? 11. O N O O N O O N O. simple sugar molecules. amino acid molecules. nucleotides found in N molecules. nucleotides found in RN molecules 1. portion of which type of molecules is represented by the structural formula shown? 1.. polysaccharide. protein. fatty acid. nucleic acid page 5

6 13. O /. N. / O O O O O. / O /. O 13. Which molecule is inorganic? The organic chemical with the molecular formula O is an example of 14.. an amino acid. an element. a monosaccharide. a lipid 15. In addition to carbon and hydrogen, a molecule of vegetable oil contains 15.. oxygen, only. nitrogen, only. oxygen and sulfur. sulfur and nitrogen page 6

7 16. The structural formula shown represents a compound that may serve as the building block of 16.. carbohydrates. fats. proteins. vitamins O O. / /. /.. / O. / O /. O O 17. Which group of organic molecules includes glycogen and glucose? 17.. carbohydrates. lipids. nucleic acids. proteins 18. What is one possible function of nucleic acids? 18.. Structural component of cell walls. Structural component of cell membranes. Protein synthesis. none of these page 7

8 19. mino groups are found in 19. O /. N. / O O O. / /. /.. / O. / O /. O O O O /. N N. / 3 O O O O O. /. / /. /. /. /.. / O. /. / O. / O /. /. /. O O O O O /. N. / 3 O E O O O O O O F., and E, only. and.,, E, and F. F, only 0. ow many different elements are found in molecule? page 8

9 1. In living organisms, lipids function mainly as 1.. sources of stored energy and transmitters of genetic information. sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes. transmitters of genetic information and catalysts of chemical reactions. catalysts of chemical reactions and components of cellular membranes. Molecule represents.. a monosaccharide. a fatty acid. a polypeptide O /. N. / O + O /. N. / O O O + O /. N N. / O. an amino acid 3. Two examples of carbohydrates are 3.. fatty acids and glycerol. fats and waxes. sugars and starches. amino acids and alcohol 4. Small molecules combine chemically and form large, complex molecules by a process known as 4.. hydrolysis. digestion. synthesis. nutrition page 9

10 5. Which element is present in living cells and in all organic compounds? 5.. potassium. sulfur. nitrogen. carbon 6. The structural formulas shown represent certain organic compounds found in living cells. 6. (1) () (3) (4) (5) Which molecule results from the bonding together of two glucose molecules? page 10

11 7. Which statement concerning these structural formulas is correct? 7. O N O O N O O N O. They are the building blocks of fat molecules.. They are the building blocks of carbohydrates molecules.. They can be combined chemically by dehydration synthesis.. They can be combined chemically by hydrolysis. 8. Which molecule can be classified as organic? Number of toms Element Mol. Mol. Mol. Mol. ydrogen arbon Nitrogen Oxygen alcium page 11

12 9. lass of ompound haracteristic as glycerol as a building block ontains both acid groups and amino acids Formed from subunits containing a nitrogenous base, a phosphate, and ribose Includes sugars and starches 9. What is another characteristics of the compounds in class?. They are composed of basic subunits known as nucleotides.. They contain the atoms carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with the hydrogen and oxygen in a : 1 ratio.. They transfer amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.. They include chemical compounds such as insulin and hemoglobin. 30. This consists of chains of nucleotides N molecules, only. RN molecules, only. oth N and RN molecules. Neither N nor RN molecules 31. The complete hydrolysis of a protein would result in the formation of 31.. fatty acids. glycerol. amino acids. polysaccharides page 1

13 3. Within a cell, which of the following elements is found in the greatest amount? 3.. carbon. calcium. iron. iodine 33. Which substances are most commonly used as building blocks in the synthesis of some lipids? 33.. sugars and starches. amino acids and nucleotides. starches and enzymes. glycerol and fatty acids 34. Which is a characteristic of an enzyme? 34.. It is an inorganic catalyst.. It is destroyed after each chemical reaction.. It provides energy for any chemical reaction.. It regulates the rate of a specific chemical reaction. page 13

14 35. Graph I shows the relationship between the relative rates of activity of enzymes and and temperature. Graph II shows the relationship between the relative rates of activity of enzymes and and p. 35. Under which conditions is enzyme most effective?. at 40 and a p of 5. at 45 and a p of 5. at 45 and a p of 9. at 50 and a p of The distortion (change in shape) of enzyme molecules which occurs at high temperatures is known as 36.. synthesis. specificity. replication. denaturation page 14

15 37. student placed a test tube containing a mixture of compounds into a beaker of water maintained at 30. chemical reaction took place and was completed in 30 minutes. second test tube containing an equal amount of the same mixture plus substance Y was placed in the same beaker of water. The chemical reaction in the second test tube was completed in less than one minute. Substance Y was most likely 37.. an auxin. an enzyme. a sugar. a nucleotide 38. Which letter indicates a substrate molecule in this reaction? Stage II in the diagram most correctly represents 39.. an inorganic catalyst. a denatured enzyme. a vitamin. an enzyme-substrate complex 40. The area labeled X is known as 40.. an atomic nucleus. an active site. a p indicator. a temperature regulator page 15

16 41. The enzyme intestinal protease is most active at a p of 8.0 and a temperature of 37. The activity of this enzyme would most likely decrease with an increase in the 41.. amount of light. amount of enzyme. amount of substrate. temperature to over t very high temperatures, most enzymes do not increase the rate of the reactions that they regulate. The most probable reason for this lack of enzyme activity is that high temperatures 4.. hydrolyze most substrates. alter the active sites of the enzymes. destroy all coenzyme molecules. produce stable enzyme-substrate complexes 43. Maltase is an enzyme that is not able to catalyze the synthesis of lipids because maltase 43.. has a specific active site. is a small molecule. cannot attach to ribosomes. is a simple sugar 44. The rate of action of the enzyme protease is affected by 44.. temperature, particle size, and lipase concentration. temperature, p, and protein concentration. p, particle size, and amylase concentration. p, temperature, and carbohydrate concentration page 16

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