The Netherlands 2011 & :15 1:30pm Lunch. Sjoerd Smits

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1 The Netherlands 2011 & :15 1:30pm Lunch Sjoerd Smits Sap testing the future is now for nutrient testing that actually can result in disease and insect resolution, crop yield maximization and nutrient density

2 HortiNova, NovaCropControl! Stephan Timmermans! Johan vd Logt! Toon Melis! Rien vd Bighelaar! Chris v Laarhoven! Frank Schellekens! Martin van de Water! Bart Vromans, 50%! Sjoerd Smits, 50%!!! US Partner Plant sap laboratory: (totaly 15 persons) Joan Timmermans, consultant Koen van Kempen, consultant Maikel van de Ven, consultant

3 Introduction!! "#$%&'())*'&+,&-#&$%&'.#/0',12$/'32,'4&235-&4&$/3'#$'3/-2.6&--7' 2$8'9&:&/261&3' CD&-'E'7&2-3'>F'&+,&-#&$%&'G())HIJ'#$%-&23&8'$&&8'F>-'4>-&',2-24&/&-3'B0>3,0>-53<'=21%#54<'K2:$&3#54<'/-2%&'&1&4&$/3'''G(L',2-24&/&-3I' '

4 Who we are! Independent crop consulting! Laboratory specialized in plant sap testing (NovaCropControl)! Started in 2008! Active in 200 different crops (organic, sustainable, conventional)! Fruit (strawberry, raspberry, blueberry, red currant, apple, pear, cherry)! Greenhouse vegetables (tomato, pepper, cucumber, eggplant)! Fieldgrown vegetables (lettuce, leek, beans, carrot, potato)! Agricultural crops (wheat, corn, barley, grass)! Nursery crops (trees, flower bulbs, cutting flowers)! Active in 15+ countries! Results within 24 hours after arriving of samples! Cost effective, $ 45 per sample set (Y&O), tissue test $ 120 (Y&O). 21 param.! Independent research! Fertilization trials! Study groups! Teaching growers, consultants

5 Why testing the plant sap?! The final result of soil/substrate interactions! Management tools during growing season! Complete overview of current mineral plant uptake! Every sample standard: 21 parameters (+3 R&D)! Sugars (Brix), ph, conductivity! Nutrients:! Calcium! Magnesium! Potassium! Sodium! Nitrogen (Nitrate, Ammonium, Total Nitrogen)! Phosphorous! Chloride! Sulphur! Silica! Manganese! Iron! Zinc! Copper! Boron! Molybdenum! Aluminium! Kobalt! Selenium! Nikkel

6 What a plant sap sample tells you! Current uptake of nutrients! Mineral deficiencies and / or excesses! Long before visible appearance! Nutrient imbalance in soils! Plant reserves! The nutrients which the plant is able to use for its growth at that moment! Different than dry matter (tissue) test (total nutrient)! Reflects plant health and vitality! Fruit Quality! Like a blood test of a plant

7 Difference between plant sap and dry matter (tissue) test Two kind of minerals in the plant:! Mineral / dissolvable salts (current uptake for plant development)! Fixed minerals (in organic compounds, hardly available for plant development)! Plant sap measurement measures mostly dissolved salts and a small part of the fixed minerals.! Dry matter test counts the total of both (total uptake by plant) Nutrient wise: Calcium measurement is one of the biggest differences, a small portion of the total amount is used for active growth. Sap analysis will the real Calcium availability.

8 Difference plant sap and dry matter Fictive: Increase NO3 with 50% and a decrease of K with 50%, how does the different analysis respond over time. Dry matter Dry matter

9 Compare NCC vs. Hand meter and dry matter test Potassium content, red currant fields! NCC Potassium higher than the DIY kit! Difference better seen at NCC DIY

10 Difference between plant sap and dry matter test! Difference in N content over time between plant sap and dry matter test after a decreased input at the beginning of August. Over time Tissue Over time Plantsap Plant sap measurement quickly shows low (and high) numbers In a dry matter test it takes 3-6 weeks longer to determinate lower (and higher) numbers

11 "#$!%&'()*+,-!+,!.#&!/0',.1!! M46212$%&'#$'4#$&-213'GC16-&%0/<';"I'!! N&1&23&'>F'F&-?1#O&-3'G>-:2$#%'93'4#$&-213I' P! K>4&$/'>F'2,,1#%2?>$'93',12$/'292#1261&'!! ">#1'3/-5%/5-&'Q'->>/'R521#/7'!! ">#1'1#F&'!! =1#42/&<'/&4,&-2/5-&<'1#:0/<'4>#3/5-&'!! S/%<'&/%<'&/%TU' ' V>>W#$:'#$'/0&',12$/'.#11'30>.'7>5'/0&'X$21'-&351/'' >F'211'>F'/0&'26>9&Y'

12 Mineral mobilisation in the plant 849+0&!%+,&*'0(:!! Z&X%#&$%7'2,,&2-3'X-3/'#$'>18&-'1&29&3' [! A#/->:&$'GAI' [! B>/233#54'G\I' [! K2:$&3#54'GK:I' [! B0>3,0>->53'GBI' 8&6+)%!+%%49+0&!%+,&*'0(:! [! "51,05-'G"I' [! M->$'G]&I' [! K2$:2$&3&'GK$I' [! ^#$%'G^$I' [! =>,,&-'G=5I' [! K>1768&$54'GK>I' +%%49+0&!%+,&*'0(:! Z&X%#&$%7'2,,&2-3'X-3/'#$'7>5$:',2-/3' [! =21%#54'G=2I' [! ;>->$'G;I'

13 Mineral mobilisation in the plant _0&$'->>/3'%2$$>/'8&1#9&-' A<B<\'>-'K:<'/0&',12$/'.#11' 53&'#/3'-&3&-9&3U' ' `18&-'1&29&3'2-&'3/>-&0>53&' F>-'4>6#1&'&1&4&$/3'' GA<'B<'\<'K:I'''

14 K#$&-21'4>6#1#32?>$'#$'/0&',12$/' S+24,1&J' _0&$'F-5#/'3/2-/3'/>'8&9&1>,<',>/233#54'8&42$8'#$%-&23&3U' ' B>/233#54'#$'>18'1&29&3'.#11'6&' 4>6#1#O&8'2$8'/-2$3,>-/&8'/>' 7>5$:&-'1&29&3'2$8'F-5#/U' ' Z&X%#&$%#&3'>F'4>6#1&'4#$&-213'.#11'2,,&2-'X-3/'#$'>18&-'1&29&3U'

15 Mineral mobilisation in the plant 849+0&!%+,&*'0(:!! Z&X%#&$%7'2,,&2-3'X-3/'#$'>18&-'1&29&3' [! A#/->:&$'GAI' [! B>/233#54'G\I' [! K2:$&3#54'GK:I' [! B0>3,0>->53'GBI' 8&6+)%!+%%49+0&!%+,&*'0(:! [! "51,05-'G"I' [! M->$'G]&I' [! K2$:2$&3&'GK$I' [! ^#$%'G^$I' [! =>,,&-'G=5I' [! K>1768&$54'GK>I' +%%49+0&!%+,&*'0(:! Z&X%#&$%7'2,,&2-3'X-3/'#$'7>5$:',2-/3' [! =21%#54'G=2I' [! ;>->$'G;I'

16 Example: Tomato

17 !! =2?>$'6212$%&'!! C$#>$'6212$%&'!! a-2%&'&1&4&$/3'!! M$/&-2%?>$3' ' '

18 !! =2?>$'6212$%&'!! C$#>$'6212$%&' '!! a-2%&'&1&4&$/3'!! M$/&-2%?>$3' ' '

19 !! =2?>$'6212$%&'!! C$#>$'6212$%&' '!! a-2%&'&1&4&$/3'!! M$/&-2%?>$3' ' '

20 Antagonistic interactions Cation Anion Trace elements

21 Antagonistic interactions Cation Anion S9&-7'&1&4&$/'.#/0#$' L'%>1>-'.#11'1#4#/'/0&' 5,/2W&'8#-&%/'>F' 2$>/0&-'&1&4&$/U' ' MF'>$&'&1&4&$/'#3' 0#:0<'/02$'/0&'5,/2W&' >F'2$>/0&-'&1&4&$/'.#11'6&'1#4#/&8U' Trace elements

22 (Tomato) goal Cation Anion S9&-7'&1&4&$/'.#/0#$' L'%>1>-'.#11'1#4#/'/0&' 5,/2W&'8#-&%/'>F' 2$>/0&-'&1&4&$/U' ' MF'>$&'&1&4&$/'#3' 0#:0<'/02$'/0&'5,/2W&' >F'2$>/0&-'&1&4&$/'.#11'6&'1#4#/&8U' Trace elements

23 Antagonistic interactions ;'<4,!9'0',3&! Potassium Calcium Magnesium Sodium Ammonium Sufficient numbers in the soil is no garantee for a balanced uptake. It s the balance what counts for the uptake

24 Antagonistic interactions Potassium Calcium Magnesium Sodium When 1 cation increases, 1 or more will decrease in the plant sap. When 1 cation decreases in availability, 1 or more will increase in the plant sap

25 Antagonistic interactions =,+4,!9'0',3&! Nitrate (Nitrogen) Chloride Phosphorous Sulphur Anions have the same interactions When 1 is high, others will decrease

26 Antagonistic interactions Phosphorus Chloride Nitrate Sulphur Nitrate reduction will result in a better uptake of phosphorous and sulphur. Too much KCl will result in less uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur.

27 Cation Antagonistic interactions /0&'5,/2W&'>F'#->$<' O#$%'2$8'3>4&?4&3' 42$:2$&3&U' Trace elements

28 AEA Antagonistic interactions

29 Example antagonistic interactions Trail result: Low K treatment = Zinc deficiency, why?! Low K -> high Mg! High Mg = NO3 conversion (to protein N) = low NO3»! Low NO3 = higher P uptake * High P = lower Zn uptake -> even deficiency

30 Mineral uptake and plant disease! A balanced mineral uptake:! Constant growth! Less susceptible for diseases! Aphids! Funghi (mildew, botrytis etc)! Bacteria! Flower quality! Fruit quality! Shelf life! Firmness! Taste

31 Nitrogen management and aphids! Plant can take up nitrogen in nitrate or ammonium form! Nitrate need to be converted (amino-acids and proteins)! Accumulation of nitrate stimulates insects and fungal diseases.! High nitrate! luxurious growth! large weak cells! low sugar production (Brix)! susceptible for insects (aphids)! Key is to keep nitrate-accumulation low and convert nitrate into amino-acids and proteins! Magnesium, Sulfur! Molybdenum! Biology and soil-life!

32 Mildew and nutrition Without mildew Strawberry propagation! 1 field! Same fertilization! Same soil! 2 varieties With mildew

33 Mildew and nutrition Without mildew With mildew

34 Mildew and nutrition Without mildew With mildew Monitor silica levels to improve resistance against mildew.

35 Powdery mildew and mineral uptake Powdery mildew More susceptible Less susceptible Add/ fertilize Silicon to lower the susceptibility of mildew Maximum of 0,3 mmol/litre! Danger of albino fruit.

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37 Botrytis and Nitrate Nitrogen in red currants Percentage NO3 from the total N in OLD leaves A lot of Botrytis in storage No Botrytis in storage Intention is to get 30%-35% of nitrate nitrogen as a part of Total N to get enough growth and less susceptability of for example Botrytis.

38 ! 2 strawberry varieties! Elsanta and Sonata Phytophthora and mineral uptake Copper uptake Elsanta vs Sonata Copper in plant sap (ppm) lower

39 Phytophthora and mineral uptake Phytophthora Cactorum More susceptible Less susceptible Opportunity to increase copper in the sap with a foliar application.

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42 Year 2012 Year Boron

43 Year 2012 Year Boron

44 Year 2012 Year Boron

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46 Crop health labs Nov. 14 seminar Michelle D. Gregg Crop Health Laboratories Program Director 2015 seminars, check CHL website

47 Presentation and weed nutritonal data NEXT FRIDAY available on NovaCropControl website: On the download page:

48 Thank You