Victor Tambunan Department of Nutrition Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia
|
|
- Reginald Owen
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Victor Tambunan Department of Nutrition Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia 1
2 References Krause s Food & Nutrition Therapy 12th ed., L.K. Mahan & S. Escott-Stump Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease 10th ed., M.E. Shils et al 2
3 3
4 GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT Upper Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract Esophagus Stomach Duodenum Lower GI Tract Small intestine Large intestine Rectum 4
5 5
6 Gastroesophageal Diseases Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Gastritis and peptic ulcer disease Gastric cancer Dumping syndrome 6
7 GERD consists of irritation & inflammation of the esophagus in response to reflux of gastric acid into the esophagus Symptom: heartburn Factors that contribute to GERD: Excessive volume of acidic contents in the stomach Looseness of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) Motility disorders in the esophagus 7
8 Medical Nutrition Therapy Objectives: 1. Prevent esophageal reflux 2. Prevent pain & irritation of the inflamed esophageal mucosa 1. the erosive capacity or acidity of gastric secretion 8
9 Nutrition Care Guidelines for Reducing Gastroesophageal Reflux: Avoid large, high-fat meals Not eating within 3 to 4 hours before retiring Avoid tobacco smoking Avoid alcoholic beverages Avoid caffeine containing foods & beverages Stay upright & avoid vigorous activity soon after eating Avoid tight-fitting clothing, esp. after a meal Consume a healthy, nutritionally complete diet with adequate fibre 9. Avoid acidic & highly spiced foods when inflammation exists 10. Reduce weight if overweight 9
10 Alcohol Chocolate Fatty foods relaxing the LES & inducing GERD 10
11 Gastritis & peptic ulcers may result when infectious chemical neural abnormalities disrupt mucosal integrity of the stomach or duodenum 11
12 The most common cause: Helicobacter pylori infection H. pylori infection is responsible for: Most cases of chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa Peptic ulcer Atrophic gastritis Gastric cancer 12
13 Acute gastritis: refers to rapid onset of inflammation & symptoms Chronic gastritis: may occur over a period of months to decades, w/ increasing & decreasing of symptoms 13
14 Atrophic gastritis: chronic inflammation w/ deterioration of the mucous membrane & glands, resulting in: achlorhydria (loss of secretion of HCl) loss of intrinsic factor 14
15 Factors that may also compromise mucosal integrity and the chance of acquiring acute & chronic gastritis Chronic use of aspirin or other NSAIDs Steroids Alcohol Erosive substances Tobacco 15
16 Medical Nutrition Therapy as for peptic ulcers In patients w/atrophic gastritis: evaluate vitamin B12 status because lack of intrinsic factor & HCl results in malabsorption of vitamin B12 In chronic gastritis: absorption of Fe, Ca, & other nutrients 16
17 Involve two major regions: - Stomach - Duodenum Primary causes: H. pylori infection Gastritis Aspirin & other NSAIDs Corticosteroids Stress-induced ulcer 17
18 Excessive use or high concentration drinks (alcohol) can: damage gastric mucosa worsen symptoms of peptic ulcers interfere w/ ulcer healing Beers & wines: gastric secretion Coffee & caffeine: stimulate acid secretion LES pressure 18 18
19 Medical Nutrition Therapy Avoid alcohol consumption of spices, esp. chili, cayenne, & black peppers. Turmeric may inhibit adhesion of H. pylori to the gastric wall Avoid coffee & caffeine intake of n-3 & n-6 fatty acids Use probiotics as complementary therapy Regular use of cranberries which contain phenolic antioxidants may have the capacity to help eradicate H. pylori 19
20 Frequent small meals may: comfort the chance for acid reflux stimulate gastric blood flow persons w/ peptic ulcers should avoid consuming large meals, esp. before retiring, to reduce latent increases in acid secretion 20
21 Cancer of the stomach can lead to malnutrition because of: Excessive blood & protein losses, or Obstruction & mechanical interference w/ food intake more commonly Consumption of fruits, vegetables, & selenium may have a modest role in the prevention of GI cancers Alcohol & overweight the risk Other factors: - Chronic infection w/ H. pylori Smoking Intake of highly salted or pickled foods Inadequate amounts of micronutrients the risk 21
22 Medical Nutrition Therapy Dietary regimen is determined by: Location of the cancer Nature of the functional disturbance Stage of the disease Patients w/ advanced, inoperable cancer should receive a diet that is adjusted to their tolerances, preferences, and comfort Anorexia: almost always present from the early stages. In the later stages: - liquid diet or - parenteral nutrition (intravenously) 22
23 Dumping syndrome: a complex physiologic response to the rapid emptying of hypertonic contents into the duodenum & jejunum May occur as a result of: total or subtotal gastrectomy manipulation of the pylorus after fundoplication after some gastric bypass procedures for obesity 23
24 24
25 Medical Nutrition Therapy Prime objective: to restore nutrition status & quality of life Nutrition care: Frequent small meals High-protein, moderate-fat foods w/ sufficient calories. Complex CHOs (starches) can be included. Simple CHO (lactose, sucrose, & dextrose) should be limited Sufficient fibres (pectin in fruits, or guar gums) beneficial because they upper GI transit time & the rate of glucose absorption 25
26 Nutrition care:.. (cont d) Limit the amount of liquids taken w/ meals, but adequate amounts should be consumed during the day, small amounts at a time Lie down immediately after meals & avoid activity an hour after eating Very small quantities of hypertonic, concentrated sweets (soft drinks, juices, pies, cakes, cookies, and frozen desserts) can be ingested Lactose, esp. in milk & ice cream, are poorly tolerated, but cheeses & yogurt are better 26
27 Diet for preventing symptoms of dumping syndrome: Moderate fat (30% of calories intake) High protein (20% of calories intake) Low in simple CHO helps the patient achieve & maintain optimal weight & nutritional status When intake is inadequate vit. D & Ca supplements may be needed When steatorrhea (+) give oil or fat which high in medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) 27
28 28
29 Intestinal gas & flatulence Constipation Diarrhea Steatorrhea Gastrointestinal stricture & obstruction 29
30 Instestinal Gas & Flatulence Causes: Inactivity GI motility Aerophagia Dietary components GI disorders Medical nutrition therapy: Reduce intake of CHO that are likely to be malabsorbed & fermented e.g. legumes, soluble fibre, resistant starches, & simple CHO such as fructose & alcohol sugars 30
31 Constipation Most common causes: Ignoring the urge to defecate Lack of fibre in the diet Insufficient fluid intake Inactivity Chronic use of laxatives 31
32 Medical Nutrition Therapy Consumption of adequate amounts of both soluble & insoluble dietary fibre Fibre: colonic fecal fluid microbial mass stool weight & frequency the rate of colonic transit softens feces & makes them easier to pass Adequate water 32
33 Recommended amount of dietary fibre about 14 g/1000 kcal Fibre can be provided in the form of: Whole grains Fruits Vegetables Legumes Seeds Nuts 33
34 Diarrhea Causes may be related to: Inflammatory disease Infections w/ fungal, bacterial, or viral agents Medications Overconsumption of sugars Insufficient or damaged mucosal absorptive surface GI resections Malnutrition 34
35 Medical Nutrition Therapy First step in managing diarrhea: replacement of necessary fluids & elctrolytes, using: electrolyte solutions soups & broths vegetable juices other isotonic liquids Later: Starchy CHOs (cereals, breads) Low-fat meats Added small amounts of vegetables & fruits, followed by lipids 35
36 Probiotics Modestly successful in: Antibiotic-related diarrhea Traveler s diarrhea Bacterial overgrowth Several types of pediatric diarrhea 36
37 Steatorrhea Steatorrhea: excessive fat in the stool caused by disease or surgical resection of organs involved in the digestion & absorption of lipid 37
38 Medical Nutrition Therapy Steatorrhea can result in chronic weight loss may require calorie intake, mainly in the form of protein & complex CHOs MCTs can be given because: able to enter the portal vein for transport to the liver without micelle formation digestion & absoprtion, & resynthesis into triglycerides in intestinal cell easier to be absorbed in the abscense of bile acids 38
39 Food source of MCTs: coconut oil Micronutriens supplementation: Fat-soluble vitamins Ca Zn Mg because losses are as a result of insoluble soaps formation 39
40 Gastrointestinal Strictures & Obstruction Causes (partially or completely obstruction): Instestinal tumors Scarring from GI surgeries Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Peptic ulcer Radiation enteritis If parts of the GI are partially obstructed obstructions from foods may occur 40
41 The most common foods that may cause obstructions are fibrous plant foods Phytobezoars: obstructions in the stomach that result from the ingestion of plant foods 41
42 Medical Nutrition Therapy Restricted-fiber diet limit fruits, vegetables, & coarse grains Provide <10 15 g of dietary fibre, usually in the form of small particle size such as vegetable & fruit juices, cereals, & breads In distal obstructions or strictures: Keep the feces soft by: including moderate amounts of fibre, but of small particle size (such as juices) adequate water 42
43 Some Diseases and Conditions Associated with Malabsorption Inadequate digestion Pancreatic insufficiency Gastric resection Altered bile salt metabolism w/ impaired micelle formation Hepatobiliary disease Bacterial overgrowth Abnormalities of mucosal cell transport Biochemical or genetic abnormalities - Disaccharidase deficiency e.g. lactase deficiency - Celiac disease (gluten-sensitive enteropathy) 43
44 Some Diseases and (cont d) Inflammatory or infiltitative disorders - Crohn s disease - Ulcerative colitis - Radiation enteritis - Short-bowel syndrome Abnormalities of intestinal lymphatics & vascular system Instestinal lymphangiectasia Chronic congestive heart failure 44
45 Two major forms of IBD: Crohn s disease Ulcerative colitis 45
46 Clinical characteristics: Diarrhea Fever Weight loss Anemia Food intolerances Malnutrition Growth failure Extraintestinal manifestations (arthritic, dermatologic, & hepatic) 46
47 Segments of inflamed bowel Crohn s disease Colitis ulcerative 47
48 Unknown irritant Viral? Bacterial? Autoimmune? Genetic predisposition Abnormal activation of the mucosal immune response Secondary systemic response Damage to the cells of the small and/or large intestine w/ malabsorption, ulceration, or stricture - Diarrhea - Weight loss - Poor growth Pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease 48
49 Medical Nutrition Therapy IBD patients are at risk of malnutrition primary goal of MNT to restore & maintain the nutritional status Energy: energy requirements are not greatly Protein: protein needs may but rarely >50% than normal needs 49
50 Vitamins & mineral supplementation: folic acid, vitamins B6, and B12 Zn, K, and Se Small, frequent feedings may be tolerated better Small amounts of isotonic, liquid, oral supplements may be valuable If fat malabsorption (+) foods made w/ MCTs useful to calories intake & for absorption of fat-soluble nutrients 50
51 n-3 fatty acids intake antiinflammatory effect Probiotics can modify the microbial flora Prebiotics (such as oligosaccharides): alter the mixture of microorganisms in the colonic flora favoring lactobacillus & bifidobacteria suppressing pathogenic or opportunistic microflora production of SCFAs 51
52 Risk factors associated w/ the onset of exacerbations of IBD include: sucrose intake lack of fruits & vegetables dietary fibre << red meat >> alcohol altered n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios 52
53 53
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract KNH 406
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract KNH 406 Lower GI Tract A&P Small Intestine Anatomy Duodenum, jejunum, ileum Maximum surface area for digestion and absorption Specialized enterocytes from stem cells of crypts
More informationDigestion. Absorption and Transport. Digestion. Digestion. (Chapter 3) Your GI tract is like a tube!
Digestion Absorption and Transport Digestion the process of breaking down food into its basic components so they can be absorbed CHO, fat, pro are hydrolysed Vits, mins, water aren t (Chapter 3) Digestion
More informationDiet and Gastrointestinal Problems
Chapter 20 Diet and Gastrointestinal Problems Objectives Explain uses of diet therapy in gastrointestinal disturbances Identify foods allowed and disallowed in therapeutic diets discussed Adapt normal
More informationThe Aging Digestive System
The Aging Digestive System shows significant senescence in old age: less saliva food less flavorful, harder swallowing ~half of those over 65 yrs wear dentures gastric mucosa secretes less acid reduces
More informationUPPER GI DISEASES 11/15/2014. Lesson Objectives. GI Tract Review. NUTR 2050 Nutrition for Nursing Professionals. Mrs. Deborah A. Hutcheon, MS, RD, LD
UPPER GI DISEASES NUTR 2050 Nutrition for Nursing Professionals Mrs. Deborah A. Hutcheon, MS, RD, LD Lesson Objectives At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to: 1. Describe causes and contributing
More informationWhat is Dietary Fibre?
Fibre What is Dietary Fibre? Non digestible part of plant foods Consists of one or more of edible CHO polymers and synthetic CHO polymers Types of Dietary Fiber There are many different types of fiber,
More informationDiet, Nutrition and Inflammatory
Diet, Nutrition and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Sumner Brooks, MPH, RDN, LD March 11, 2017 Objectives Identify factors that may alter nutritional status in IBD Understand the role of diet and nutrition
More informationA Trip Through the GI Tract: Common GI Diseases and Complaints. Jennifer Curtis, MD
A Trip Through the GI Tract: Common GI Diseases and Complaints Jennifer Curtis, MD Colon Cancer How does it develop? Most cancers arise from polyps Over time these can turn into cancer Combination of genetic
More informationP A T I E N T H A N D B O O K
PATIENT HANDBOOK Heal Your Gut, Heal Your Body The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the most sophisticated systems of the human body. We often think of the GI tract for its primary role in digesting
More informationFecal incontinence causes 196 epidemiology 8 treatment 196
Subject Index Achalasia course 93 differential diagnosis 93 esophageal dysphagia 92 95 etiology 92, 93 treatment 93 95 work-up 93 Aminosalicylates, pharmacokinetics and aging effects 36 Antibiotics diarrhea
More informationBPK 312 Nutrition for Fitness & Sport. Lecture 2. Digestion & Absorption of Food Nutrients
BPK 312 Nutrition for Fitness & Sport Lecture 2 Digestion & Absorption of Food Nutrients 1. Overview of digestion & absorption of nutrients 2. Functional anatomy of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract 3. Digestion
More informationNeoplastic Disease KNH 406
Neoplastic Disease KNH 406 Cancer Carcinogenesis - Etiology Genes may be affected by antioxidants, soy, protein, fat, kcal, alcohol Nutritional genomics study of genetic variations that cause different
More informationGlencoe Health. Lesson 3 The Digestive System
Glencoe Health Lesson 3 The Digestive System Health espotlight Video BIG IDEA The digestive system provides nutrients and energy for your body through the digestion of food. New Vocabulary mastication
More informationBiochemistry of Nutrition. Prof K Syed Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology University of Zululand Room no. 247
Biochemistry of Nutrition Prof K Syed Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology University of Zululand Room no. 247 SyedK@unizulu.ac.za Unit 5 Malnutrition (dietary excesses & deficiencies) Obesity Kwashiorkor
More informationDietary advice for people with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Dietary advice for people with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Crohn s disease and Ulcerative colitis Information for patients Name Your Dietitian Dietitian contact number: 0118 322 7116 What is Inflammatory
More informationBiomarkers of GI tract diseases. By Dr. Gouse Mohiddin Shaik
By Dr. Gouse Mohiddin Shaik Introduction The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex system performing multiple biological functions which are anatomically distributed Site for food processing and absorption
More informationAn overview of the digestive system. Chp. 8 DIGESTIVE S. & NUTRITION What are the steps in the digestive process?
8.1 Overview of digestion Chp. 8 DIGESTIVE S. & NUTRITION What are the steps in the digestive process? Ingestion intake of food via the mouth Digestion mechanically or chemically breaking down food into
More informationSIBO
SIBO What is it? Small Intestinal Bowel Overgrowth A chronic bacterial infection of the small intestine Caused by bad bacteria such as E Coli and Clostridium migrating to the small intestine There is not
More informationWhat to eat when you have Short Bowel Syndrome
What to eat when you have Short Bowel Syndrome What is Short Bowel Syndrome? Your bowel is an organ, shaped like a long tube, and is made up of the small and large bowel. The small bowel is about 15 to
More informationDigestion and Absorption
Digestion and Absorption Digestion and Absorption Digestion is a process essential for the conversion of food into a small and simple form. Mechanical digestion by mastication and swallowing Chemical digestion
More informationObjectives. Basic Mechanisms Responsible for Clinically Significant Diarrhea. Effects of NET and GI Consideration 11/2/2015
Objectives Leigh Anne Burns, MS, RD, LDN Oncology Nutritionist LSUHSC School of Medicine New Orleans Ochsner Kenner Neuroendocrine Tumor Clinic Provide a Brief overview of Neuroendocrine tumors and Symptoms
More informationNutrition Wars: Choosing Better Carbohydrates
Nutrition Wars: Choosing Better Carbohydrates What are carbohydrates? There are 2 main types of carbohydrates: Simple carbohydrates include sugars found naturally in fruit, some vegetables, milk and milk
More informationPHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Student Name CHAPTER 26 PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM D igestion is the process of breaking down complex nutrients into simpler units suitable for absorption. It involves two major processes: mechanical
More informationDigestive Care Advisor Training #1. Digestion 101 & H.O.P.E.
Digestive Care Advisor Training #1 & H.O.P.E. The Digestive System in Brief The Process of Digestion The human digestive system is a complex series of organs and glands that process food and excrete waste.
More informationDigestive System. Why do we need to eat? Growth Maintenance (repair tissue) Energy
Digestive System Why do we need to eat? Growth Maintenance (repair tissue) Energy Nutrients Nutrient = chemical that must be obtained by an organism from it s environment in order to survive; nutrients
More informationCase Study BMIs in the range of are considered overweight. Therefore, F.V. s usual BMI indicates that she was overweight.
Morgan McFarlane February 26 th, 2013 HHP 439 Professor White Case Study 7.10 1. What is your interpretation of F.V. s clinical data? F.V. s clinical data includes chronic abdominal pain, loose stools,
More informationChapter 26 The Digestive System
Chapter 26 The Digestive System Digestive System Gastroenterology is the study of the stomach and intestine. Digestion Catabolism Absorption Anabolism The actions of the digestive system are controlled
More informationNutritional assessments and diagnosis of digestive disorders
Nutritional assessments and diagnosis of digestive disorders AASER ABDELAZIM Assistant professor of Medical Biochemistry Zagazig University, Egypt University of Bisha, KSA aaserabdelazim@yahoo.com 7 Mal
More informationDiet Instruction: Full Liquid Diet
Diet Instruction: Full Liquid Diet Liz DeJulius KNH 413 Description of patient and diagnosis Susan, a 21 year old woman, who was diagnosed with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Crohn s disease. After
More informationChapter 5: Common Digestive Problems from The Kansas State University Human Nutrition (HN 400) Flexbook by Brian Lindshield is in the public domain
Chapter 5: Common Digestive Problems from The Kansas State University Human Nutrition (HN 400) Flexbook by Brian Lindshield is in the public domain in the United States. 5 Common Digestive Problems Before
More informationEver wonder what s really happening on the inside?
For Practitioners Ever wonder what s really happening on the inside? Are your patients suffering from diarrhea, constipation, bloating, gas or indigestion? Rocky Mountain Analytical is now offering Gut-Well
More informationDietary Options for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Dietary Options for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Michael J. Rosen, MD, MSCI Schubert-Martin Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Learning objectives Worldwide rise in the incidence of IBD The relationship between
More informationChronic diarrhea. Dr.Nasser E.Daryani Professor of Tehran Medical University
1 Chronic diarrhea Dr.Nasser E.Daryani Professor of Tehran Medical University Timing Acute diarrhea: 4 weeks Definitions Derived from Greek
More informationRD COURSE OUTLINE NUTRITION SCIENCE
RD COURSE OUTLINE NUTRITION SCIENCE Macro Nutrients: 1. Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins Food Sources Composition Digestion, absorption, transport and metabolism Recommended Daily Intake Effect of Deficiency
More informationThe Digestive System
The Digestive System What is the digestive system? The digestive system is where the digestion of food and liquids occurs. Our bodies are not suited to absorbing the energy contained in food as they are
More informationWHY DO WE NEED FOOD? FOOD AND DIET
WHY DO WE NEED FOOD? FOOD AND DIET Food gives us the energy required for chemical reaction to keep us alive Energy also required for many activities and to maintain body temperature Food also gives us
More informationLec 3a- BPK 110 Human Nutr.:Current Iss.
Lec 3a- BPK 110 Human Nutr.:Current Iss. 1. Overview Carbohydrates (CHO) 2. Types of Carbohydrates 3. Why to Include Carbohydrates in Your Diet? 4. Digestion, Absorption and Transport of Carbohydrates
More informationNutrition after your pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure)
Nutrition after your pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) People who have had a Whipple procedure may have different nutritional problems. This handout will help you identify and manage common nutrition
More information1. Which nutrient is so vital to health that you wouldn't live more than a few days without it? A) vitamins B) water C) minerals D) protein
Nutrition & You, 4e (Blake) Chapter 1 What Is Nutrition? Legend: For sentences / statements that DO NOT HAVE answer choices, Answer A if TRUE Answer B IF False 1. Which nutrient is so vital to health that
More informationChapter 2 Carbohydrates
216 Answer, K/A, page(s) Chapter 2 Carbohydrates K = knowledge question; A = application question True/False T K 34 1. Whenever carbohydrate is available to the body, the human brain depends exclusively
More informationThe Digestive System. Basic process of digestion. Mouth and Teeth 10/30/2016
The Digestive System Basic process of digestion 1. Ingestion: animal eats food. 2. Digestion: animal body breaks food down. Mechanical digestion: chewing (mastication). Chemical digestion: enzymes and
More informationFiber: What Is It and What Does It Do? By James L. Holly, MD. Your Life Your Health. The Examiner. May 5, 2005
Fiber: What Is It and What Does It Do? By James L. Holly, MD Your Life Your Health The Examiner May 5, 2005 I don t know about you, but fiber has always been a mystery to me. Soluble fiber, insoluble fiber?
More informationBacteriology. Mycology. Patient: SAMPLE PATIENT DOB: Sex: MRN: Rare. Rare. Positive. Brown. Negative *NG. Negative
Patient: SAMPLE PATIENT DOB: Sex: MRN: 3.2 0.9-26.8 U/g 1.2 0.2-3.3 mg/g 2.2 1.3-8.6 micromol/g 1.1 1.3-23.7 mg/g 1.1 0.2-3.5 mg/g Rare 1.0 0.2-8.8 mg/g Rare 4.4 2.6-32.4 mg/g 64.6 >= 13.6 micromol/g Bacteriology
More informationIngestion Digestion- Absorption- Elimination
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 1 FUNCTIONS Organization GI tract==mouth anus Accessory organs Salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder Major Functions: Ingestion-mouth, teeth, tongue Digestion- chemical and mechanical
More informationUNDERSTANDING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
UNDERSTANDING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Understanding Digestion The key to solving food and digestive issues starts with an understanding of how the digestive and intestinal system works If you know what is
More informationWhat to Eat For a Healthy Gut
What to Eat For a Healthy Gut CHOP IBD Education Day 2018 LINDSEY ALBENBERG, DO NATALIE L. ADLER, RD, CSP, LDN Does diet play a role in the development of IBD? Hou JK et al. American Journal of Gastro
More informationDiarrhea may be: Acute (short-term, usually lasting several days), which is usually related to bacterial or viral infections.
Pediatric Gastroenterology Conditions Evaluated and Treated Having a child suffer with abdominal pain, chronic eating problems, or other gastrointestinal disorders can be a very trying time for a parent.
More informationIrritable Bowel Syndrome
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has a variety of symptoms, most commonly cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. Symptoms can vary from person to person,
More informationUNDERSTANDING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Slide 1 UNDERSTANDING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Slide 2 Understanding Digestion The key to solving food and digestive issues starts with an understanding of how the digestive and intestinal system works If
More informationA Quick Lesson in Sugars! Monosaccharides. Simple Sugars. Within the body, ALL are converted to glucose! Carbohydrate Digestion SITE ENZYMES END PROD
Sugars & Grains Presented by Fred Hardinge, DrPH, RD Associate Health Directo General Conference of SDA Monosaccharides Simple Sugars Glucose (Dextrose) Fructose Galactose Within the body, ALL are converted
More informationFiberCel. Digestive Management Fiber Powder. Taste Free Soluble Fiber. Discontinue Bowel Medications. Grit Free + Non-Thicken
FiberCel Digestive Management Fiber Powder 5g Taste Free Soluble Fiber Discontinue Bowel Medications Colace Senna Miralax Lactulose Milk of Magnesia Grit Free + n-thicken Will t Alter Taste 5g mix with
More informationChapter 9 Digestive System. Copyright 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 9 Digestive System Copyright 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Points to ponder What are the digestive system structures and their functions? Where
More informationGastrointestinal Disorders. Disorders of the Esophagus 3/7/2013. Congenital Abnormalities. Achalasia. Not an easy repair. Types
Gastrointestinal Disorders Congenital Abnormalities Disorders of the Esophagus Types Stenosis Atresia Fistula Newborn aspirates while feeding. Pneumonia Not an easy repair Achalasia Lack of relaxation
More informationJIGSAW READING CARBOHYDRATES
Date: CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates provide an important source of energy for our bodies. There are two types of carbohydrates: Sugars are found in foods which taste sweet like candies, jams and desserts.
More informationQuestions & Answers Diabetes & Digestion
Questions & Answers Diabetes & Digestion Provided by Sandy D. Corlett Diabetes Resource Center, Inc., Buford, GA 30519, USA. Tel: (800) 354-0004, Fax: (770) 982-4590 www.diabetesresourcecenter.org 1 Table
More informationNutrients are: water carbohydrates lipids proteins. minerals vitamins fiber
Nutrients are: water carbohydrates lipids proteins minerals vitamins fiber WATER Essential nutrient 55-65% body weight Body loses water through evaporation, excretion, and respiration The only nutrient
More informationSix Nutrients. Nutrients: substances in food that your body needs to stay healthy. Carbohydrates Protein Fat Minerals Vitamins Water
Nutrients Six Nutrients Nutrients: substances in food that your body needs to stay healthy Carbohydrates Protein Fat Minerals Vitamins Water Water Function: most essential nutrient Helps digest and absorb
More information2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system Essential questions
2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system Essential questions What are the functions of the digestive system? How do the functions of chemical and physical digestion interrelate?
More informationThe Digestive System
Digestive System 1 Name The Digestive System Purpose: To describe how food moves through the digestive system. To identify the parts of the digestive system. Background Information: Food provides us with
More informationKEY INDICATORS OF NUTRITION RISK
NUTRITION TOOLS KEY INDICATORS OF Consumes fewer than 2 servings of fruit or fruit juice per day. Consumes fewer than 3 servings of vegetables per day. Food Choices Fruits and vegetables provide dietary
More informationOptimizing the Upper GI: Mind, Mouth, and Stomach What Can Go Wrong With Dr. Ritamarie Loscalzo
Optimizing the Upper GI: Mind, Mouth, and Stomach What Can Go Wrong With Dr. Ritamarie Loscalzo Medical Disclaimer: The information in this presentation is not intended to replace a one-onone relationship
More informationNo. of products >=3.5 Health Star Rating ineligible to display health claim (%)
Table S1: Agreement between the number of products scoring >=3.5 stars using the Health Star Rating and the proportion of products eligible to display a health claim using the Nutrient Profiling Scoring
More informationCarbohydrates: The Energy Nutrient Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning is a trademark used herein under license.
Carbohydrates: The Energy Nutrient 2001 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning is a trademark used herein under license. CARBOHYDRATES Functions of Carbohydrates 1. Energy 2.
More informationNutrition and IBD. Amy Pavlik RD, CNSC Kristine Binda RD, CSO, CNSC
Nutrition and IBD Amy Pavlik RD, CNSC Kristine Binda RD, CSO, CNSC Objectives Review the effects of IBD on digestion and absorption Understand the importance of diet and nutrition in IBD Review strategies
More informationBasic Review of Digestion
Basic Review of Digestion In the mouth, food is broken down, mixed with saliva, and formed into a bolus. Wave like muscle movements, called peristalsis, push the food throughout the rest of the digestive
More informationDigestive System Processes *
OpenStax-CNX module: m44742 1 Digestive System Processes * OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this section, you
More informationTEST PATIENT. Date of Birth : 12-Jan-1999 Sex : M Collected : 25-Oct TEST DRIVE. Lab id :
COMPLETE DIGESTIVE STOOL ANALYSIS - Level 2 MACROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION Stool Colour Brown Brown Colour - Brown is the colour of normal stool. Other colours may indicate abnormal GIT conditions. Stool Form
More informationObjective 4- Digestion
Objective 4- Digestion 1. Describe why cells require nutrients Supply energy for metabolism (cell activities), matter for synthesis of new materials, cell reproduction, secretion and to regulate cell processes
More informationChapter 21 NUTRITION AND DIGESTION
Chapter 21 NUTRITION AND DIGESTION Stages of Food Processing 1. Ingestion: The act of eating. Usually involves placing food in mouth or oral cavity. 2. Digestion: Macromolecules in food (fats, proteins,
More informationShort Bowel Syndrome: Medical management
Short Bowel Syndrome: Medical management La Sindrome dell'intestino Corto in età pediatrica Brescia 18 marzo 2011 Jon A.Vanderhoof, M.D. Division of Pediatric GI Harvard Medical School Children s Hospital,
More informationThere is no single IBD diet
Nutrition and IBD There is no single IBD diet Nutrition plays an important role in health, during times of IBD disease activity as well as during remission. Although diet does not cause or cure IBD, the
More informationThe Digestive System. What is the advantage of a one-way gut? If you swallow something, is it really inside you?
The Digestive System What is the advantage of a one-way gut?! If you swallow something, is it really inside you? Functions and Processes of the Digestive System: Move nutrients, water, electrolytes from
More informationChapter 3 Reading Guide Be sure to use the many figures and tables provided by the book to help answer these questions.
Chapter 3 Reading Guide Be sure to use the many figures and tables provided by the book to help answer these questions. 1. What is digestion? What is the difference between mechanical and enzymatic digestion?
More informationGastroporesis or Leaky Gut
Dr Wendy Wells 8595 E Bell Rd D101 Scottsdale, AZ 85260 (480) 607-0299 Gastroporesis or Leaky Gut From the mouth to anus is an enfolding of our skin. As you know, our skin contains a layer of cells and
More informationChapter 15 Food and Digestion
Chapter 15 Food and Digestion Activity: Use Qualitative Observations (5 senses) to describe: What happens when you see candy? How does it smell? How do you chomp it into smaller pieces or swallow candy
More informationCarbohydrates and Weight Loss
Carbohydrates and Weight Loss A Macronutrient Our Body Uses for Energy Provides energy for the body to function properly by every cell in the body, even the brain. Carbohydrate: Calories of Macronutrients:
More informationDigestion: Small and Large Intestines Pathology
Digestion: Small and Large Intestines Pathology Dr. Ritamarie Loscalzo Medical Disclaimer: The information in this presentation is not intended to replace a one onone relationship with a qualified health
More informationEtiology, Assessment and Treatment
Etiology, Assessment and Treatment Andrew Tinsley MD, MS Associate Director of IBD Center Assistant Professor of Medicine Penn State College of Medicine Abbvie Janssen Nestle 1 To review the prevalence
More informationFIND THE NEW AND STAY THAT WAY! WEIGHT MANAGEMENT By Mitchell Dean
FIND THE NEW YOU AND STAY THAT WAY! WEIGHT MANAGEMENT By Mitchell Dean FIND THE NEW YOU AND STAY THAT WAY! WEIGHT MANAGEMENT By Mitchell Dean WEIGHT MANAGEMENT TO STAY THAT WAY: POSITIVE COMMUNITY PROPER
More informationThe digestive system consists of an alimentary canal and several accessory organs. The Digestive System
The digestive system consists of an alimentary canal and several accessory organs. The Digestive System The Digestive System The digestive system mechanically and chemically breaks down food. Mechanical
More informationNot long ago the world was caught up in an anti-carbohydrate craze.
Carbohydrates Not long ago the world was caught up in an anti-carbohydrate craze. What was or is the problem? Why are carbohydrates so unpopular? Carbohydrates are sugar compounds that plants make when
More informationThe Digestive System. Chapter
The Digestive System Chapter 15.1 Functions: mechanical and chemical breakdown of food *absorption of nutrients Consists of alimentary canal and accessory organs Wall of the Alimentary Canal 15.2 Characteristics
More informationUnderstanding Food and Nutrition
Understanding Food and Nutrition Dr Joan Webster-Gandy Published by Family Doctor Publications Limited in association with the British Medical Association IMPORTANT NOTICE This book is intended not as
More informationChapter 20 The Digestive System Exam Study Questions
Chapter 20 The Digestive System Exam Study Questions 20.1 Overview of GI Processes 1. Describe the functions of digestive system. 2. List and define the four GI Processes: 20.2 Functional Anatomy of the
More informationUNIT 5 MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS Digestive System Test Bank
UNIT 5 MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS Digestive System Test Bank Objective 5.01 Describe the basic functions of the digestive system. 1. What is the main function of the digestive system? a. Hold and receive food
More informationNutrition and Cancer. Prof. Suhad Bahijri
Nutrition and Cancer Objectives 1. Discuss current knowledge regarding nutritional prevention of cancer 2. Discuss goals for the cancer patient 3. Explain how cancer treatment affects nutritional needs
More informationStarch in western diets
Starches How much do we eat? Where does it come from? Characteristics of starch Starch digestion - rate and extent Starch gelatinisation Glycaemic index of starchy foods Resistant starch Conclusions Starch
More informationThe gallbladder. Bile secretion:
The gallbladder is a thin walled green muscular sac on the inferior surface of the liver. The gallbladder stores bile that is not immediately needed for digestion and concentrates it. When the muscular
More informationDIGESTION: Breakdown of food. Small components WHY?
HOW YOU DIGEST FOOD Cells Organs DIGESTION: Breakdown of food Small components WHY? Carbohydrates Sugars Protein Amino Acids Fats Fatty Acids Absorption: Taking Substances Interior of Body (blood) Gastrointestinal
More informationMedical Nutrition Therapy Goals
Jeannine B. Mills MS,RD,CSO,LD Norris Cotton Cancer Center Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Medical Nutrition Therapy Goals Prevent or reverse poor nutrition Maintain dose and schedule of cancer treatments
More informationUniversity of Buea. Faculty of Health Sciences. Programme in Medicine
Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Wednesday, 28 th January 2009 Time: 8 00-10 00 Programme in Medicine MED 303 (Gastrointestinal Physiology) EXAMS (2008-2009) Identify the letter of the choice
More informationAll About Carbohydrates and Health
All About Carbohydrates and Health CPE Questions 1. Which of the following statements is not true of carbohydrates? a) They are the main source of energy for the body; b) They are comprised of carbon,
More informationGI Pharmacology. Dr. Alia Shatanawi 5/4/2018
GI Pharmacology Dr. Alia Shatanawi 5/4/2018 Drugs Used in Gastrointestinal Diseases Drugs used in Peptic Ulcer Diseases. Drugs Stimulating Gastrointestinal Motility &Laxatives. Antidiarrheal Agents. Drugs
More informationNutrition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Maryanne Comrie Registered Dietician Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital
Nutrition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Maryanne Comrie Registered Dietician Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital Does diet cause IBD? Can diet cure IBD? Do I need to cut gluten/milk/wheat out of my
More informationDigestive System. Digestion Myths
Digestive System Digestion Myths Myth # 1 Ulcers: Spicy food and stress cause stomach ulcers. Myth # 2 Heartburn: Smoking a cigarette helps relieve heartburn. Myth # 3 Celiac Disease: Celiac disease is
More informationNutrition, part 2. Because 1 part isn t enough!
Nutrition, part 2 Because 1 part isn t enough! 4. Calories and Caloric Intake Calories per gram of our Macro and Micro nutrients Macro Carbohydrates: 4 cal/g Fats: 9 cal/g Proteins: 4 cal/g Micro Vitamins:
More informationChapter 5: Nutrition Eating for Optimum Health. - water - vitamins - minerals
Chapter 5: Nutrition Eating for Optimum Health The Nutrients in Foods: 6 essential nutrients Macro Micro - carbohydrates - amino acids - lipids - water - vitamins - minerals Calorie Values of Energy Nutrients:
More informationDr. Eva Kudlova FOOD AND DIETARY GUIDELINES
Dr. Eva Kudlova FOOD AND DIETARY GUIDELINES FOOD: WHAT IS IT? FOOD - DEFINITION Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 January 2002"Food" (or "foodstuff") means
More informationSurgical Nutrition for the Cardiothoracic Patient. Stephanie Kunioki RD, CNSC, LD Memorial Hermann TMC
Surgical Nutrition for the Cardiothoracic Patient Stephanie Kunioki RD, CNSC, LD Memorial Hermann TMC Financial Disclosures NONE Declared PROPER NUTRITION Surgical Effects on Nutrition Intake & Status
More information