NUTRIENT AND FOOD INTAKES OF AMERICANS: NHANES DATA

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "NUTRIENT AND FOOD INTAKES OF AMERICANS: NHANES DATA"

Kathlyn Dalton
6 years ago
Views:

NUTRIENT AND FOOD INTAKES OF AMERICANS: NHANES 2001-2002 DATA Catherine M. Champagne, PhD, RD & H.

1 NUTRIENT AND FOOD INTAKES OF AMERICANS: NHANES DATA Catherine M. Champagne, PhD, RD & H. Raymond Allen, PhD Pennington Biomedical Research Center Louisiana State University System Baton Rouge, LA

2 Research Objective To determine how well Americans achieved recommended nutrient intakes, despite limitations of the research design. A second objective was to look at beverage consumption, especially fruit juices, since they have been under some scrutiny in the obesity epidemic.

3 What are the limitations? The fact that we used only 1 24-hr recall, therefore we were only able to characterize the group. We used as an index the table from Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment (2000), published by the Institute of Medicine, albeit not perhaps as it was intended to be used!

4 Study Population 9598 subjects who completed the 1-day intake from NHANES , breast fed infants excluded. We included all ages, with breakdown in groupings identical to those for which the IOM recommendations were identified.

5 Basis of Adherence to Specific Health Recommendations Fat at 30% of energy or less Saturated fat at 10% of energy or less Cholesterol, 300 mg or less Sodium, 2400 mg or less Dietary fiber, 25 g or more Protein at 12-15% of energy

6 Percentage of individuals with diets meeting government recommendations for total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, fiber, sodium and protein intakes, by sex and age, NHANES (breast fed infants excluded) Sex and age Total Fat 30% of kcal or less Saturated fat 10% of kcal or less Cholesterol Sodium 300 mg or less 2400 mg or less Percentage of Individuals Dietary Fiber 25 g or more Protein 12-15% of kcal Males and Females: 6 months and under months to 1 year to 3 years to 8 years Males: 9 to 13 years to 18 years to 30 years to 50 years to 70 years years and older Females: 9 to 13 years to 18 years to 30 years to 50 years to 70 years years and older Pregnant Females: <= 18 years to 30 years to 50 years

7 Mean Intakes as percentages of the current recommended intakes, by sex and age, NHANES (breast fed infants excluded) Calcium Magnesium Phosphorus Selenium Folate Vitamin B12 Sex and age (AI) Percent of Recommendation Males and Females 6 months and under months to 1 year to 3 years to 8 years Males: 9 to 13 years to 18 years to 30 years to 50 years to 70 years years and older Females: 9 to 13 years to 18 years to 30 years to 50 years to 70 years years and older Pregnant < 18 yrs Pregnant yrs Pregnant yrs Source for nutrient recommendations: Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, 2000.

8 Mean Intakes as percentages of the current recommended intakes, by sex and age, NHANES (breast fed infants excluded) Vitamin Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Vitamin C Vitamin E Sex and age B6 Percent of Recommendation Males and Females 6 months and under months to 1 year to 3 years to 8 years Males: 9 to 13 years to 18 years to 30 years to 50 years to 70 years years and older Females: 9 to 13 years to 18 years to 30 years to 50 years to 70 years years and older Pregnant < 18 yrs Pregnant yrs Pregnant yrs Source for nutrient recommendations: Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, 2000.

9 Percentage of individuals with diets meeting 100% of the current recommended intakes, by sex and age, NHANES (breast fed infants excluded) Calcium Magnesium Phosphorus Selenium Folate Vitamin B12 Sex and age (AI) Percent of Recommendation Males and Females 6 months and under months to 1 year to 3 years to 8 years Males: 9 to 13 years to 18 years to 30 years to 50 years to 70 years years and older Females: 9 to 13 years to 18 years to 30 years to 50 years to 70 years years and older Pregnant < 18 yrs Pregnant yrs Pregnant yrs Source for nutrient recommendations: Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, 2000.

10 Percentage of individuals with diets meeting 100% of the current recommended intakes, by sex and age, NHANES (breast fed infants excluded) Vitamin Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Vitamin C Vitamin E Sex and age B6 (DRI) (DRI) (DRI) (DRI) (DRI) (DRI) Percent of Recommendation Males and Females 6 months and under months to 1 year to 3 years to 8 years Males: 9 to 13 years to 18 years to 30 years to 50 years to 70 years years and older Females: 9 to 13 years to 18 years to 30 years to 50 years to 70 years years and older Pregnant < 18 yrs Pregnant yrs Pregnant yrs Source for nutrient recommendations: Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, 2000.

11 Contribution of All Fruit Juices to Energy and Nutrient Intakes, NHANES (breast fed infants excluded) Sex and age Energy Vitamin C Vitamin A (RE) Vitamin B6 Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Folate Magnesium Calcium Iron As % of Intake Males and Females 0 to 5 months to 11 months to 3 years to 8 years Males: 9 to 13 years to 18 years to 30 years to 50 years to 70 years yrs or older Females: 9 to 13 years to 18 years to 30 years to 50 years to 70 years yrs or older Pregnant < 18 yrs Pregnant yrs Pregnant yrs

12 Most Significant Findings Those meeting specific health recommendations varied Only 38% (range 34-47%) achieved a total dietary fat intake of <30% of kcals 45% (range 30-58%) achieved saturated fat recommendations 72% (range 49-83%) met cholesterol recommendations

13 Most Significant Findings Depending on the age group, more variation was noted for Sodium (range 22-66%) Fiber (range 5-24%) Approximately 35% met the AI for calcium 37% met the RDA for magnesium

14 Most Significant Findings Vitamin E intakes ranged from 39% to 72% for individuals above 1 year of age Fruit juices contributed only 2-3% of kcals Fruit juice is still a significant source of vitamin C in the diet, meeting approximately 1/3 of the daily requirement

15 Limitations Notably, the one day of a recall is a problematic We chose this as an attempt to have data on more individuals We are looking at ways to continue to address the population and the recommended guidelines in a more satisfactory maner

16 Conclusions Despite the limitations of the dataset, it is apparent that dietetic professionals still need to counsel individuals and educate the public to achieve a healthy diet. Fruit juices did not significantly impact overall calorie consumption, however more research is needed on other beverages (e.g. soft drinks and fruit drinks) which may factor into the obesity epidemic more significantly.

Nutrition Requirements

Who is responsible for setting nutrition requirements in the UK? In the UK we have a set of Dietary Reference Values (DRVs). DRVs are an estimate of the nutritional requirements of a healthy population.