SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME U N I T 2 H O M E O S T A S I S H O W L I V I N G T H I N G S L I V E

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1 SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME U N I T 2 H O M E O S T A S I S H O W L I V I N G T H I N G S L I V E

2 NOTES As you take notes for this first part, just write the things that help you remember not word for word!

3 ARE YOU FEELING GOOD ABOUT MEMBRANES? They are important Because they help stuff get into cells!

4 NOW LETS TALK EFFICIENCY Cells are small That s the truth Why are they so small? Additional truth Water is polar

5 NOW LETS TALK EFFICIENCY Small cells are more efficient It just makes sense!

6 NOW LETS TALK EFFICIENCY How are they more efficient? Cells need materials to live (O 2, H 2 O etc.). Having a larger cell membrane surface area allows a cell to get material in quicker and get waste out quicker. That makes life efficient.

7 NOW LETS TALK EFFICIENCY How are they more efficient? Larger cells have higher demands for materials. It is true that larger cells have more surface area but as volume is increased the cell s surface area does not increase at the same proportion. More needs with less relative area to bring stuff in makes larger cells less efficient. That s why most cells are small!

8 MEASURING EFFICIENCY A cells surface area can be compared to area in a ratio This produces a number that helps us measure how efficient a cell can be #

9 THE SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO The larger the number, the more efficient the cell is. Check out the blue boxes

10 OK, TIME TO DO A LAB Go through all the instructions first, then start the lab

11 ICE CUBE LAB In this lab you will be experimenting with ice cubes that have different surface areas You will be measuring how quickly each ice cube melts and then comparing their rates of melting with each other

12 INSTRUCTIONS 1. Get a partner. Please make sure everyone is in a group and no one is working alone

13 2. Make your data sheet. You each need one. Draw this on your own paper right now. Make it look like this with more space of course! INSTRUCTIONS Ice Cube Lab Which cube has the greater surface area? Hypothesis: Data Time Regular Cube Star Cube Weight % Dissolved Weight % Dissolved

14 INSTRUCTIONS 3. Go get your ice cubes, one of each type. Answer the first question after looking at them. 4. Decide how you want to melt your ice cubeschoose either in water or in air. Both cubes will receive the same treatment. Create your hypothesis: which cube will melt faster?

15 INSTRUCTIONS 5.Weigh your ice cubes and record their starting weight 6. Start your experiment. For water, fill up 2 plastic cups of water. For air, just let them chill on the table 7. Measure the weight of your cubes every 2 minutes. Be sure to tare the scale to 0 each time to get an accurate weight. Continue until either your ice is gone or you reach 14 minutes which ever comes first.

16 INSTRUCTIONS 8. Calculate the percent dissolved and write it in the boxes. 9. Calculate the rate each cube was dissolving at. Record under your data table. 10. Compare your cube data and answer the following questions A. Which cube was dissolving the fastest? B. What does all of this have to do with surface area? Explain why your results ended up the way they did.

17 INSTRUCTIONS SUMMARY HAVE FUN! 1. Get a partner. 2. Make your lab sheet 3. Answer the first question 4. Create your hypothesis: which cube will melt faster? 5.Weigh your ice cubes 6. Start your experiment. 7. Measure the weight of your cubes every 2 minutes. 8. Calculate the percent dissolved 9. Calculate the rate each cube was dissolving at. 10. Compare your data and answer the following questions: A. Which cube was dissolving the fastest? B. What does all of this have to do with surface area? Explain why your results ended up the way they did.

18

19 SUPER EFFICIENT CELLS Remember how we talked about places that stuff enters the body Lungs Small intestine Or in plants root hair cells How are these cells physically adapted to be efficient?

20 THE SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO Small cells, high surface area But wait there s more! These cells have specialized structures to make them even more efficient

21 ALVEOLI Very small cells, spread out on expandable sacs

22

23 INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM Microvilli increase surface area

24 ROOT HAIR CELLS Extensions of the plant epidermis that increase surface area without greatly expanding volume

25 ADDED PROTECTION Since the chemical properties determine movement, what prevents unwanted substances from entering? Adaptation anyone? Anyone?

26 CELL WALLS What type of organisms have cell walls? Plants Prokaryotes (Bacteria) Fungi

27 CELL WALLS How do cell walls help keep stuff out? Walls are stiff, rigid barriers Provide a structural support to maintain cell shape Prevent excessive water uptake

28 PLANT CELL WALLS Made from cellulose, other carbohydrates and proteins Found outside of the plasma membrane Some plants produce a secondary cell wall outside of the first Wood

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