REQUEST FOR SUPPORT TO REGISTER BW980. Type: Canadian Western Red Spring

Transcription

1 REQUEST FOR SUPPORT TO REGISTER BW980 Crop Kind: Spring Wheat Type: Canadian Western Red Spring Proposer: R.D. Cuthbert, Swift Current Research & Development Centre, AAFC, Swift Current, SK. Experimental Designations: BW980, B0867&AK049 Origin and Breeding: BW980 is a doubled haploid genotype which derives from the cross Carberry/99B61-AY30B5 made at the Swift Current Research & Development Centre (SCRDC) of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK. Carberry derives from a cross of Alsen/Superb. 99B61-AY30B5 is an advanced breeding line which derives from a cross of Augusta/HWAlpha//4*Superb. A total of 303 doubled haploid (DH) lines were generated using the maize pollen method. B0867&AK049 was in the first subset of 146 DH lines developed in Seed of individual DH lines was inoculated with common bunt and grown in 1.5 m long rows. A rust epiphytotic nursery was established by planting genotypes lacking genes for resistance to prevalent races of leaf and stem rust in every 12th plot and inoculating a sample of plants in each spreader row with representative rust races. Two spikes were selected from each of 104 disease resistant doubled haploid lines that also matured within the range of acceptable maturity and had strong stems of acceptable height. Seed from each head was grown out in 2 m long rows near Irwell, New Zealand. Lines were assessed for plant height, resistance to lodging, shattering and maturity and harvested as individual rows as a source of seed for subsequent trialling. In 2010, 68 lines were assessed for agronomic performance and were grown in four row plots 3 m long in nurseries near Swift Current, Indian Head, SK., and Lacombe, AB. Reaction to leaf and stem rust was assessed in an epiphytotic nursery near Glenlea, MB, response to fusarium head blight was assessed in the Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) nursery near Carman, MB, and response to common bunt was assessed in a bunt nursery near Swift Current. Remnant seed from the yield trials was used to assess grain quality and kernel characteristics. Selected doubled haploid lines were screened for reaction to loose smut. The above procedure resulted in the identification of the experimental doubled haploid line B0867&AK049 which met all of the selection criteria at each stage of selection. The experimental line B0867&AK049 was evaluated in the Western Bread Wheat 'A_4' test in 2011, in the Western Bread Wheat B test in 2012 and as BW980 in the Western Bread Wheat Cooperative test from 2013 to BW980 is neither a plant with a novel trait nor a genetically modified organism. Performance and Adaptation: Area of Adaptation: Wheat growing area of the Canadian prairies. Strengths: Consistently low FHB scores and low DON accumulation; High grain yield coupled with high grain protein content; Strong straw; Resistance to leaf rust, stem rust, stripe rust and loose smut; intermediate resistance typical of the multi-genic resistance of varieties like Neepawa. Resistant to moderately susceptible to common bunt; Desirably low flour ash, which contributes to a high clean milling yield. Weakness: variable response to common bunt and generally lower infection than Neepawa which is typical of the multi-genic resistance of varieties like Neepawa.

2 Description: BW980 is an awned semidwarf experimental line. Grain yield of BW980 averaged over 50 site years was 1.4% higher than the mean of the checks (Table 2). BW980 was 4.0% higher yielding compared to Carberry with similar whole grain protein content (Table 1 & 3). When compared to Unity, the highest yielding check, BW980 had a similar grain yield, however, BW980 had 0.5 units more protein (Table 1 & 3). Plant height of BW980 is 6 cm taller than Carberry with similar good resistance to lodging (Table 3). Compared to Carberry and Glenn, BW980 matures in a comparable number of days, and about two days later than Unity (Table 3). Test weight of BW980 is similar to Carberry, while seed size is larger than all the checks (Table 3). Fusarium head blight ratings of BW980 have been desirably and consistently low (Table 4). Based on standardization [(observed value mean) / standard deviation] of all of the fusarium head blight symptoms and deoxyvinalenol (DON), BW980 has a much lower response to fusarium head blight with lower levels of DON compared to the checks (Table 4, Figure 1). BW980 expresses resistance to prevalent races of leaf rust, stem rust, stripe rust and loose smut. The reaction of BW980 to common bunt has been moderately susceptible 1 out of 7 trials and resistant 4 out of 7 trials and intermediate 2 out of 7 trials (Table 5, Table 6). Given the trend of resistant to intermediate ratings, it is likely that BW980 has inherited a complex quantitative resistance to common bunt similar to Neepawa (Gaudet and Pulchalski, 1989). BW980 has quality parameters within the range of the checks. BW980 was noted to have desirably low flour ash, and improved flour milling yield (Table 7a). The gluten strength appears to be similar to Carberry (Table 7a). Rationale to Seek Support to Register: Compared to the checks, BW980 has consistently and desirably low FHB symptoms and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation in the grain. BW980 has a high grain yield and protein concentration relationship. BW980 is a strong strawed semidwarf with maturity, and test weight comparable to Carberry. BW980 has resistance to priority one diseases but the response to common bunt might be variable. The milling properties are good to excellent. The functionality of the gluten appears similar to Carberry. Based on the data generated for BW980, it would be a major benefit to farmers in the areas of the prairies prone to FHB epidemics and to markets needing low DON grain. Seed Stocks: The 62 Breeder Lines originate from random single plants of the doubled haploid line B0867&AK049 and grown out as 72 Breeder-lines in 3 metre long rows in isolation near Swift Current, SK in 2014 and again as 15 m rows near Indian Head, SK in Approximately 266 kg of Breeder Seed is available. Breeder Seed will be maintained by the Seed Increase Unit of the Research Farm, Indian Head, SK, S0G 2K0. Reference: Gaudet D. and Pulchalski BJ Status of Bunt Resistance in Western Canadian Spring Wheat and Triticale. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1989, 69(3): ,

3 Table 1: Grain yield (kg ha -1 ) and agronomic characteristics of BW980 compared to check cultivars and mean of the check cultivars in the Western Bread Wheat Cooperative Test, zone 1 a zone 2 a zone 3 a AAC Viewfield Carberry Glenn Unity Check Mean BW LSD #Tests a Zone 1 Locations: Swift Current, Stewart Valley; Zone 2 Locations: Regina, Goodale, Indian Head, Lethbridge (2014, 2015, 2016) Kernen, Scott, Vulcan, Watrous; Zone 3 Locations: Lacombe, Melfort, Ellerslie (2013, 2014, 2016) Table 2: Grain yield as a percent of Check Mean of individual check cultivars and BW980 in the Western Bread Wheat Co-operative Trials, zone 1 a zone 2 a zone 3 a AAC Viewfield Carberry Glenn Unity Check Mean BW #Tests a Zone 1 Locations: Swift Current, Stewart Valley; Zone 2 Locations: Regina, Goodale, Indian Head, Lethbridge (2014, 2015, 2016) Kernen, Scott, Vulcan, Watrous; Zone 3 Locations: Lacombe, Melfort, Ellerslie (2013, 2014, 2016) 3 P age

4 Table 3: Three year averages for agronomic characteristics of BW980 compared to the check cultivars in the Western Bread Wheat Cooperative test, Maturity (days) Height (cm) Lodging (1-9) Test Weight (KghL -1 ) Kernel Weight (mg) Protein (%) AAC Viewfield Carberry Glenn Unity Check Mean BW a LSD #Tests a Appropriate LSD to make comparisions of BW980 to AAC Viewfield, Carberry, Glenn and Unity. P< 0.05, includes the appropriate genotype by environment interaction. 4 P age

5 Table 4: Fusarium Head Blight reactions of BW980 and check cultivars grown in the Western Bread Wheat Cooperative Test, Portage Glenlea Ottawa Carman PEI b Glenlea 1st Glenlea 2nd VRI A % DON c (ppm) VRI A % d VRI A % DON c (ppm) AAC Viewfield 15 I I Carberry 17 I MR Glenn 10 MR MR Unity 20 I I BW I MR Mean 41.1 a VRI = Visual Index = (percentage of infected heads x percentage of diseased florets on infected heads)/100 b Portage 2013 VRI : <5=R, 5-13=MR, =I, =MS, >30.0=S, where R=resistant, MR=moderately resistant, I=Intermediate, MS=moderately susceptible, S=susceptible and numbers are percentages c DON is Deoxynivalenol (parts per million) d Carman 2013 VRI : <9=R, =MR, =I, =MS, >56.1=S 5 P age

6 Table 4: continued 2014 Morden Carman PEI Ottawa e DON c (ppm) ISD f ISD g VRI A % h FDK i DON c (ppm) ISD f ISD j FDK i DON c (ppm) DON c (ppm) AAC Viewfield 32 MR MR 23 I I Carberry 33 MR MR 12 MR I Glenn 37 I MR 6 MR MR Unity 63 S MR 21 I MS BW R R 14 MR MR a VRI = Visual Index = (percentage of infected heads x percentage of diseased florets on infected heads)/100 c DON is Deoxynivalenol (parts per million) e Morden 2014 VRI rating: 27=R, =MR, =I, =MS, 59=S f ISD= Incidence + Severity + DON = (0.2*mean incidence + 0.2* mean severity mean DON) g Morden 2014 ISD FHB rating: 25=R, =MR, =I, =MS, 60.1=S h Carman 2014 VRI rating: 6=R, =MR, =I, =MS, 50.1=S i FDK = Percent Fusarium damaged kernels j Carman 2014 ISD FHB rating: <5 = R, = MR, = I, = MS, > 13.1 = S 6 P age

7 Table 4: continued 2015 Carman Morden Ottawa k FDK I DON c (ppm) ISD f l DON c (ppm) ISD f ISD m DON c (ppm) AAC Viewfield 10.4 MR I I Carberry 15.7 MR I I Glenn 11.0 MR MS MS Unity 15.3 MR MS MS BW R MR MR a VRI = Visual Index = (percentage of infected heads x percentage of diseased florets on infected heads)/100 c DON is Deoxynivalenol (parts per million) i FDK = Percent Fusarium damaged kernels f ISD= Incidence + Severity + DON = (0.2*mean incidence + 0.2* mean severity mean DON) k Carman 2015 VRI rating: <9=R, =MR, =I, =MS, >59.1=S l Morden 2015 VRI rating: <24.4=R, =MR, =I, =MS, >66.3=S m Morden 2015 ISD rating: <10.1=R, =MR, =I, =MS, >43= S 7 P age

8 Table 4: continued 2016 Carman Morden Ottawa n FDK I DON c (ppm) ISD f o DON c (ppm) ISD f ISD p DON c (ppm) AAC Viewfield 25.9 I MS I Carberry 11.9 MR MS R Glenn 14.7 MR R R Unity 16.8 I MS I BW I MR R a VRI = Visual Index = (percentage of infected heads x percentage of diseased florets on infected heads)/100 c DON is Deoxynivalenol (parts per million) i FDK = Percent Fusarium damaged kernels f ISD= Incidence + Severity + DON = (0.2*mean incidence + 0.2* mean severity mean DON) n Carman 2016 VRI : <10=R, =MR, =I, =MS, >40.1=S. o Morden 2016 VRI : <27.9 = R, = MR, = I, = MS, > 69.6 = S p Morden 2016 ISD rating: <14.8 = R, = MR, = I, = MS, > 41.8 = S 8 P age

9 AAC Viewfield Deoxynivalenol 0.50 Glenn Unity 0.00 Carberry BW980 Katepwa Index Figure 1. Horizontal axis is standardized values of 18 fusarium head blight Visual Index scores, and vertical axis is standardized values of 14 DON values. Data generated in FHB nurseries in Canada from 2013 to 2016 and is summarized in Table 4. 9 P age

10 Supplementary Table 1: Fusarium damaged kernels and DON of BW980 and checks based on 6 reps in the 2016 fusarium head blight nurseries near Brandon, MB and Morden, MB (supplementary data). Letters indicated Duncan Grouping for trait (0.05). Morden 2016 Brandon 2016 VRI a DON b FDK (%) c VRI a DON b FDK (%) c AAC Tenacious 0.3 A 4.4 A 4.4 A 1.0 A 3.2 A 6.9 A Carberry 39.0 BCD 17.2 BC 19.2 BC 27.3 BC 19.1 B 38.0 BC AAC Brandon 39.2 BCD 16.1 B 20.5 BC 27.0 BC 19.1 B 38.7 BC 97B64-F9A D 24.6 CD 28.4 CD 30.9 CD 29.8 BC 39.0 BC Glenn 31.0 B 19.4 BCD 22.2 BCD 27.4 BC 30.9 BC 45.5 CD AAC Viewfield 41.5 CD 33.8 E 36.0 E 35.8 D 39.5 C 55.2 D BW BC 14.0 B 14.1 B 22.2 B 26.6 B 31.5 B a VRI = Visual Index = (percentage of infected heads x percentage of diseased florets on infected heads)/100 b DON is Deoxynivalenol (parts per million) c FDK = Percent Fusarium damaged kernels 10 P age

11 Table 5: Disease reactions of BW980 and check cultivars grown in the Western Bread Wheat Cooperative Test, Field Leaf Rust Field Stem Rust Brandon 2014 Morden Severity a % b Severity a % b Severity a % b Severity a % b AAC Viewfield 12 MR 5 R 4 R 16.7 MR 3 R 2 R 1 R 10 MR 5 R Carberry 4 R 1 R 5 R 3.7 R 1 R 15 MR 1 R 5 R 3 R Glenn 25 MR 10 R 12 MR 30.0 MR 1 R 7 MR 1 R 10 MR 5 R Unity 22 MR 47 MS 30 MR 36.7 I 20 I 3 R 3 MR 25 I 5 R BW980 0 R 0 R 0 R 0.3 R 5 R 1 R 1 R 5 R 5 R Severity a % Disease Response c Severity a % Disease Response c Severity a % Disease Response c Severity a % Disease Response c Severity a % Disease Response c a Severity is the percentage of the leaf or stem infected with rust using the Modified Cobb Scale. b Leaf rust rating scale based on severity: 0-10 R, MR, I, MS, >60 S. c Disease response: R=resistant, MR=moderately resistant, MS=moderately susceptible and S=susceptible. I=intermediate in reaction 11 P age

12 Table 5: Continued Stripe Rust Creston Lethbridge Creston Lethbridge Lethbridge Lethbridge Creston Severity d Severity d Severity Severity d Severity d Severity d Severity d AAC Viewfield 15 R 15 R S 20 I 10 MR 25 I Carberry 15 R 15 R 0 50 S 10 MR 5 R 5 R Glenn 15 R 15 R 5 5 R 20 I 10 MR 5 R Unity 15 R 10 R 5 1 R 50 S 65 S 75 S BW980 5 R 5 R 5 5 R 15 I 12 MR 5 R d 2013 : <20=R, 20-39=MR, 40-49=MS, =S 2014 : <15- R; MR; I; MS; >50- S : <5=R, 6-14=MR, 15-29=I, 31-39=MS, >40=S 2016 : <105=R, 10-19=MR, 20-39=I, 40-55=MS, >55=S 12 P age

13 Table 5: Continued Common Bunt Loose Smut Infection% f e Infection% f e Infection% f e Infection% f e Infection% g h Infection% g h Infection% g h Infection% g h AAC Viewfield 4 R 11 MR 21 I 3 R 75.0 MS 25.5 MR 0.0 R 2.2 R Carberry 1 R 16 I 0 R 2 R 8.3 R 0.0 R 0.0 R 0.0 R Glenn 10 R 25 MS 5 R 3 R 22.7 MR 40.4 I 2.2 R 0.0 R Unity 1 R 2 R 0 R 2 R 38.5 I 29.3 MR 0.0 R 0.0 R BW980 5 R 24 MS 2 R 1 R 0.0 R 2.1 R 0.0 R 0.0 R f Percentage of plants with disease symptoms. e 2013 : <10.7=R, =MR, =I, =MS, =S 2015 : <8.121=R; =MR; =I; =MS; >30.31=S 2014 : 3.71=R; =MR; =I; =MS; >29.32=S 2016 : <4.67=R; =MR; =I; =MS; >/=31.84=S g Percentage of plants with loose smut symptoms. h 2013 Loose smut rating: R= 0-15%; MR >15%-35%; I= >35%-55%; MS=>55%-75%; S=>75% Loose smut rating: R= 0-10%; MR >10%-30%; I= >30%-50%; MS=>50%-70%; S=>70% Loose smut rating: R= 0-10%; MR >10%-30%; I= >30%-50%; MS=>50%-70%; S=>70% Loose Smut : R= 0-10%; MR >10%-30%; I= >30%-50%; MS=>50%-70%; S=>70%. 13 P age

14 Table 5: Continued 2013 Leaf Spot 2014 Leaf Spot 2015 Leaf Spot 2016 Leaf Spots Swift Current Melfort Goodale Swift Current Melfort Melfort Swift Current Melfort Severity i Severity i % Leaf Spot Flag % Leaf Spot Flag - 1 Severity i Severity i Severity i Severity i Severity i AAC Viewfield 7.8 I 7.3 I I 7.7 I 9.5 S 10 S 7 I Carberry 9.0 MS 7.7 I MS 8.0 I 10.7 S 10 S 10 S Glenn 8.5 MS 7.0 I I 8.0 I 8.0 I 10 S 7 I Katepwa 7.5 I 9.0 MS I 8.3 MS 8.7 MS 11 S 9 MS Unity 7.5 I 7.7 I I 7.3 I 9.5 S 11 S 9 MS BW MS 8.0 I I 8.3 MS 9.0 MS 10 S 10 S Mean CV LSD i Leaf spot severity scored on a scale of 0-11: 14 P age

15 Table 6: Summary of the common bunt reactions of BW980 and check cultivars grown in early generation (2010), Western Bread Wheat A test (2011), Western Bread Wheat B test (2012) and the Western Bread Wheat C Test ( ) Swift Current 2011 Lethbridge 2012 Lethbridge 2013 Lethbridge 2014 Lethbridge 2015 Lethbridge 2016 Lethbridge Infection% a Infection% a Infection% a Infection% a Infection% a Infection% a Infection% a AC Barrie 23.3 I MR 19.8 I 17.6 I 20.6 MR/I 15.8 I AC Cadillac 8.0 R AC Elsa 30.0 I Biggar 76.7 S Katepwa 16.0 R/I 26.0 I 10.8 R 10.8 MR 11.5 MR 19.3 I Neepawa 40.0 I/S 27.0 MS 21.8 I 22.5 I 16.5 I 19.2 I 18.3 I Carberry 0.0 R 23.5 I 1.3 R 16.0 I 0.0 R 2.0 R Glenn 10.3 R 25.0 MS 4.5 R 3.0 R 5602HR 15.0 I Stettler 2.0 MR Unity VB 0.0 R 1.0 R 2.0 R 0.0 R 2.0 R CDC Kernen 6.0 MR 13.3 MR Lillian 6.3 R 5.0 R 3.3 R 3.2 R 3.2 R AAC Viewfield 3.5 R 11.0 MR 21.3 I 3.3 R BW I 20.0 I 7.0 R 5.0 R 24.0 MS 2.0 R 1.0 R a Percentage of plants with disease symptoms. Description of resistance ratings from Gaudet D. and Pulchalski BJ Status of Bunt Resistance in Western Canadian Spring Wheat and Triticale. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1989, 69(3): , 15 P age

16 Table 7a: Summary of milling properties, using 74% extraction flour for all flour testing, of BW980 and check cultivars and mean of the check cultivars based on the Western Bread Wheat Cooperative Test, Variety Hagberg Amylograph Wheat Flour Protein Falling Clean Wht Flr Yld PB Starch Viscosity (BU) Flour Ash Protein (%) Protein (%) Loss (%) Number Flr Yld 0.50 Ash Damage Peak (sec) 2013 Glenn AAC Viewfield Carberry Lillian Unity VB Check Mean BW Glenn AAC Viewfield Carberry Lillian Unity Check Mean BW Glenn AAC Viewfield Carberry Unity Check Mean BW Glenn AAC Viewfield Carberry Unity (Pure Sm1) Check Mean BW P age

17 Table 7b: Summary of rheological and baking properties, using a 74% extraction flour for all flour testing, of BW980 and check cultivars and mean of the check cultivars based on the Western Bread Wheat Cooperative Test, Variety Farino a Abs Farino a DDT Farino a MTI Farino a Stab EXT b Area EXT b Rmax EXT b Length CSP c Abs CSP c Pk Time CSP c WHR/KG CSP c LV 2013 Glenn AAC Viewfield Carberry Lillian Unity VB Check Mean BW Glenn AAC Viewfield Carberry Lillian Unity Check Mean BW Glenn AAC Viewfield Carberry Unity Check Mean BW a Farinograph (Farino) descriptors: Abs = Water Absorption; DDT = Dough Development Time; MTI = Mixing Tolerance Index; Stab = Stability b Extensograph (EXT) descriptors: Rmax = maximum resistance; c Canadian Short Process (CSP) descriptors: Abs = Water Absorption; Pk Time = Peak Time; WHR/KG = Watt-hour per kilogram; 17 P age

18 Table 7b (cont d): 2016 Farino a Abs Farino a DDT Farino a MTI Farino a Stab EXT b Area EXT b Rmax EXT b Length LNT d Abs LNT d Pk Time LNT d WHR/KG Glenn AAC Viewfield Carberry Unity Check Mean BW d Lean No Time (LTN) descriptors: Abs = Water Absorption; Pk Time = Peak Time; WHR/KG = Watt-hour per kilogram; LV = Loaf Volume; LTR = Loaf Top Ratio LNT d LV LNT d LTR 18 P age

19 Table 8: Quality Evaluation Team Voting record YEARS RATING a REASONS Year IN TEST S DNO O A Improvement: FlYld (0.50), FlAsh; Flag: CSP Abs, CSP LV Improvement: FlYld (both), FlAsh and CSP LV, Flag: std(low) Excellent: FlYld(cl.wt); Improved: Wht/Flr Pro, FN; Poor: Ext Area/Rmax a S = support; DNO = Do not object; O = Object; A = Abstain 19 P age