AFTER mechanical digestion, the pieces of food are still to be used by broken down. the cells. They MUST be EVEN MORE!!!!!!

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1 Chemical Digestion Name Period Date <Notes #3- Nutrition and Digestion> AFTER mechanical digestion, the pieces of food are still to be used by broken down the cells. They MUST be EVEN MORE!!!!!! Special chemicals called will break down these small pieces of food into compounds SMALLER and SIMPLER. single sugars amino acids CARBOHYDRATES are broken down into (glucose) PROTEINS are broken down into (aa) fatty acids glycerol FATS are broken down into and DIGESTION- the process in which our foods are CHEMICALLY broken down into simpler substances. Chemical digestion begins in the MOUTH where containing an ENZYME begins to digest (carbohydrates). Some starch is broken down sugars into right in your mouth!! digestion occurs in the ESOPHAGUS. Food can stay in the stomach from 1-6 hours, the average time is from hours. - an organ that secretes substances (digestive juices, hormones, etc.) having special functions in the body. Ex- salivary glands, liver, pancreas, stomach, small intestine The glands that line the stomach produce: Mucus and. The MUCUS the stomach lining from the gastric juice. The GASTRIC JUICE contains: saliva Gastric Juice 1. -this lowers the ph which helps the enzyme work. 2. digesting enzyme- Pepsin - which breaks down foods containing protein such as meat and cheese.

2 As the stomach churns, the food is mixed with gastric juice and becomes a thick soupy mixture called. A sphincter at the end of the stomach, Pyloric sphincter teaspoon the, releases -sized amounts of chyme into the small intestine. - the part of the digestive tube where food is: AND!!!!!!!!!! **The small intestine is the digestive organ. **It is a coiled tube about (1 inch) wide and (22 feet) long. **The first 25 cm (10 ) are called the. Fluids from two other glands empty into the duodenum: 1. - produces that contain enzymes that break down: a) b) c) 2. - this produces (a yellow-green substance) Bile is stored in the **Bile breaks up into. These tiny droplets can then be easily digested by the enzymes of the pancreatic juice. The LIVER is the largest in the body. The lining of the Small Intestine produces. Intestinal juice has enzymes that break down: double sugars proteins 3cm Pancreas Liver 7m carbohydrate proteins fats fats a. into (simple sugars) b. into

3 The FOUR END PRODUCTS of digestion are: 1. (glucose) ***These four substances are or enough to be used by the small simple small cells they are enough to pass through the!!!! We get many nutrients from plants but we CANNOT digest all plant material especially cellulose makes up the cell walls of plants. Animals such as deer and cows can digest cellulose because they have appendixes living in their which break down the cellulose for the animal. HUMANS do NOT have these bacteria in our appendix our appendix has function in digestion!! CELLULOSE is part of our food that we call or ROUGHAGE!! move Fiber is needed to help food through our small and large intestines. - the diffusion of water and dissolved materials into the cells. begins Once digestion is completed the process of absorption!! bloodstream The digested food leaves the small intestine and moves into the.

4 The SMALL INTESTINE is a very long tube that is back and forth inside your abdomen. It has an inner lining that has folds length many tiny. **BOTH the and the of the small intestine INCREASE the amount of where food can be absorbed. **Even MORE surface area is added by the tiny finger-like structures called. Villi cover the folds and make the absorption of food even faster. They give the small intestine a velvety appearance, Digested food moves by diffusion through the villi into the blood vessels (capillaries) which then carry the food to all cells in all parts of the body. coiled folds

5 AFTER absorption the undigested food is passed into the or as a watery mixture. Most of the in this mixture is absorbed by the large intestine and returned to the body tissues. Fiber provides bulk to the watery mixture and helps it to be easily moved through the large intestine. - the removal of TOO MUCH water from the large intestine. - the removal of TOO LITTLE water from the large intestine. Bacteria in the large intestine partially break down the undigested food. - the semi-solid wastes left from digestion. The feces are STORED in the lower part of the large intestine called the. The feces are RELEASED from the body through the sphincter called the.

6 Chemical Where is it What does it made? do or digest? Saliva Gastric Juice Bile Pancreatic Juice Intestinal Juice

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