Prevalence, Trends and Disparities in Beverage Consumption Among Young Children aged 0-24 months from NHANES

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1 Prevalence, Trends and Disparities in Beverage Consumption Among Young Children aged 0-24 months from NHANES Anna Maria Siega-Riz, PhD Professor of Public Health Sciences and Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Virginia School of Medicine

2 Methods 24-hr dietary recall data from NHANES Respondents <24 months old Grimes et al. papers (n=2740) Uses data across all years to estimate prevalence by age groups, race/ethnicity and income One 24hr recall Miles & Siega-Riz paper (n=2,359) Assessed any consumption on at least 1 intake day Compare food group consumption in and Calculated prevalence of consumption adjusted for mother s age at birth and income to poverty ratio

3 Food sources of total energy among month olds (% of daily intake) months (99.3%) Infant formula 65.4% Human Milk 30.1% Baby foods 3.7% Grimes et al., Nutrients : months (88.3%) Infant formula 47.1% Baby foods 16.5% Human Milk 9.9% Milk 3.1% Fruits 2.3 Mixed dishes-grain based 2.3 Sweet bakery products 1.8 Baby beverages 1.5% 100% Fruit juice 1.5% Breads, rolls, tortillas 1.1% Mixed dishes-soups 1.0% months (64% ) Milk 22.4% 100% fruit juice 5.9% Mixed dishes-grain based 5.5% Fruits 4.8% Sweet bakery products 4.6% Breads, rolls, tortillas 3.8% Poultry 3.6% Sugar-Sweetened Beverages 3.1% Baby foods 2.6% Cheese 2.6% Cured meats/poultry 2.5% Crackers 2.4

4 Food sources of total sugars among month olds month olds month olds month olds Infant formula Baby foods Human Milk Infant formulas Human Milk Baby foods Fruits Milk 100% Fruit juice 100% fruit juice Baby beverages Fruits SSB Milk Yogurt Sweet bakery products Yogurt Sweet bakery products SSB Infant Fomulas Candy Flavored Milk Baby foods Grimes et al., Nutrients : Other desserts Human Milk Sugars Ready-eat-cereals Mixed dishes-grain based Baby beverages

5 Proportion of children consuming each type of beverage by age group, n=2740 Grimes et al., Nutrients :264

6 Per capita daily intake of water from beverages and food sources Grimes et al., Nutrients :264

7 Trends All from Miles and Siega-Riz. Trends in Food and Beverage Consumption among Infants and Toddlers. Pediatrics 2017;139:e

8 Trend for Breast Milk, Formula and Cow s Milk among month olds Adjusted Prevalence of Consumption (%) Breast milk Formula Cow's milk 0-5 mo 6-11mo mo

9 Trend for 100% Fruit Juice Consumption among month olds Adjusted Prevalence of Consumption (%) * * mo 6-11mo mo

10 Trend for Type of Sweetened Beverage Consumption among month olds Carbonated soda Fruit-flavored drinks Sport drinks Presweetened tea or coffee Unstable estimate Adjusted Prevalence of Consumption Other sweetened beverages

11 Trend for all Sweetened Beverage Consumption among 6-23 month olds by Race/ethnicity Adjusted Prevalence of Sweetened Beverage Consumption Overall Non-Hispanic white Non-Hispanic black Mexican American

12 Trend for Soda Consumption by Race/ethnicity among month olds Adjusted Prevalence of Carbonated Soda Consumption Overall Non-Hispanic white Non-Hispanic black Mexican American **

13 Trend for Fruit-flavored Drink Consumption by Race/ethnicity among month olds Adjusted Prevalence of Fruit-favored Drink Consumption Overall Non-Hispanic white Non-Hispanic black Mexican American

14 Overall Summary-Fruit juices Fruit juices comprise 1.5% of total energy for month olds and triples its contribution to the diet of young children by 24 months of age. Fruit juices contributes more to total sugar intake than SSB. Consumption of fruit juices increases with age from 6% of kids at age months consuming to 57% consuming by age months. Lower intake of 100% fruit juices in among and month olds.

15 Overall Summary-SSB SSB comprises 3.1% of total energy for month olds. SSB makes a small contribution of total sugar intake for month olds but increases to the 4 th highest contributor of total sugar intake for month olds. SSB consumption begins early with 1% of month olds to 6% and 32% for 6-12 and month olds respectively. No significant differences in type of SSB consumption across the survey time periods. However, Mexican Americans are consuming less overall SSB and in particular, soda consumption has decreased. While non-hispanic black and Mexican American young children have higher consumption of fruit-flavored drinks compared to non-hispanic whites, consumption across all groups appears to be declining.