Community and International Nutrition

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Community and International Nutrition"

Transcription

1 Community and International Nutrition Intakes of Calcium and Vitamin D Predict Body Mass Index in the Population of Northern Norway 1 Elena Kamycheva, 2 Ragnar M. Joakimsen and Rolf Jorde Medical Department, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway ABSTRACT This study was designed to investigate whether there is any association between body mass index (BMI) and life-style factors, with a special emphasis on calcium and vitamin D intakes. In 1994/1995, men (n 9252) and women (n 9662) participated in the fourth Tromsø study and completed the food-frequency and life-style factor questionnaires. We measured BMI, coffee and alcohol consumption, physical activity, smoking, and calcium and vitamin D intakes. A negative association between physical activity, smoking and BMI, and a positive association between BMI and coffee intake were found in both sexes (P 0.001). BMI and calcium intake were positively related in men (P 0.001), but not in women. BMI and vitamin D intake were negatively associated in both sexes (P 0.001), which to our knowledge has not been reported before. The lowest quartile of vitamin D intake was an independent predictor of obesity (defined as BMI 30 kg/m 2 ) in men and women (P in both genders), resulting in odds ratios of 2.24 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.80, 2.80] in men and 1.51 (95% CI 1.23, 1.85) in women compared with the highest quartile. In conclusion, calcium and vitamin D intakes may have opposing effects on body weight, which is difficult to explain given current knowledge of calcium metabolism. J. Nutr. 132: , KEY WORDS: vitamin D obesity calcium life-style factors Obesity is a predisposing factor for poor health and allcause mortality (1), and an increase in body weight has occurred worldwide (2). In our region, Northern Norway, there has been an increase in mean body mass index (BMI) 3 from 1974 to 1994/1995 of 1 kg/m 2 in both sexes (3). The cause of obesity is both genetic and environmental (4). However, the increase that has taken place recently is the result of life-style changes with a decrease in physical activity and an increase in energy intake observed in most societies (2). Not only the amount, but also the type of food ingested is important. Thus, there have recently been a few reports that a high intake of calcium is associated with a low body weight (5,6), which, if causal, may affect the composition of weight-reducing diets. There have been several large health surveys in Tromsø; the last one in included 27,000 subjects. Questions on life-style factors, as well as a food-frequency questionnaire that included questions on calcium and vitamin D intake were part of the study, thus providing a large database for testing the hypothesis on a relation between intake of calcium and vitamin D and overweight. 1 Supported by a grant from the research program Research on the Elderly in Tromsø, which is funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. 2 To whom correspondence should be addressed. elena.kamycheva@unn.no. 3 Abbreviations used: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; PTH, parathyroid hormone; RDA, recommended dietary allowance; -GT, -glutamyl transferase. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The present cross-sectional study, which took place in , was part of the fourth Tromsø study and was conducted similarly to the previous studies (7). Men and women 24 y old were given a questionnaire concerning medical history, smoking habits, coffee and alcohol intake, and physical activity. The number of cigarettes smoked daily was recorded. An alcohol intake score was calculated by totaling the number of glasses of beer, wine, and spirits per 14 d (assuming an equal amount of alcohol in one glass of each type). A physical activity score was calculated by totaling the hours of moderate and hard physical activity (giving the hours with hard activity double the value). The food-frequency questionnaire included questions on intake of milk, bread, butter on bread, yogurt, cheese and eggs, how often they consumed fatty fish for dinner (e.g., salmon), and use of fatty fish (e.g., mackerel or sardines) in sandwiches. Furthermore, the subjects were asked about their daily use of calcium and vitamin D tablets and cod liver oil supplementation. The food-frequency questionnaire was not designed to allow calculation of energy intake and dietary fat. Height and weight were measured while the subjects wore light clothing and no shoes. Blood samples were drawn from nonfasting subjects and serum -glutamyl transferase ( -GT) was measured with a spectrophotometric method using the multianalyzer Hitachi 917 (Roche Diagnostics, Basel Switzerland) with reagents from Boehringer Mannheim (Mannheim, Germany). The Regional Ethical Committee approved the study, and all participants gave informed consent. To check the linearity, we recoded age, vitamin D intake, calcium intake and physical activity into quartiles. In the linear regression model, with BMI as the dependent variable, these covariates were each entered as three dummy variables with the first group as the reference category for the initially continuous variables. Age and physical activity sustained linearity to BMI in both genders, whereas vitamin D intake had linear relation to BMI only in women and calcium intake only in men. Therefore, vitamin D intake in men and calcium intake in women were entered into the final linear model as dummy variables (8). We analyzed men and women separately with linear regression using BMI as the dependent variable, and physical activity, alcohol /02 $ American Society for Nutritional Sciences. Manuscript received 2 May Initial review completed 28 May Revision accepted 26 September

2 VITAMIN D INTAKE AND BODY MASS INDEX 103 and coffee consumption, smoking, and calcium and vitamin D intake as independent variables. The dependent variable (BMI) appeared to be normally distributed on visual inspection and also had a skewness of Differences between groups were evaluated with one-way ANOVA and independent samples t test. Where appropriate, Bonferroni correction was applied. Linear correlations were evaluated with the Pearson correlation coefficient. Vitamin D intake in both genders was divided into 4 quartiles ( 2.8, , , 10.0 g/d), and calcium intake in women into 4 quartiles ( 275, , , 595 mg/d), to create dummy variables and enter them into the linear model with the lowest quartile as the reference category. Obesity was defined as a BMI 30 kg/m 2. We applied a logistic regression model with obesity as the dependent variable and vitamin D intake quartiles as predictors (entered as dummy variables, thus not assuming linearity or exponentiality), adjusted for age, calcium intake, physical activity, coffee and alcohol consumption, and smoking. From this model, the odds ratio was calculated for those in the lowest vitamin D intake quartile compared with those in the highest vitamin D quartile as a reference category. To evaluate the potential public health role of vitamin D, we calculated the predicted BMI in our population if everyone consumed the recommended daily allowance (RDA) dose of vitamin D (5 g/d for those 50 y old and 10 g/d for those 50 y) (9). The adjustment of BMI for those who consumed less than the RDA dose of vitamin D was made according to the following formula: BMI P BMI O b (vitamin D RDA vitamin D O ) For those who already consumed the RDA dose of vitamin D or higher: BMI P BMI O where BMI P is the predicted BMI, BMI O is the observed BMI from the Tromsø study, b is the unstandardized regression coefficient from the linear model (vitamin D intake coded as a continuous variable in women, coded as the lowest quartile or not in men), vitamin D RDA is the recommended daily allowance dose of vitamin D and vitamin D O is the observed intake from the Tromsø study. Differences with P 0.05 were considered significant. All tests were two-sided. The data were analyzed with SPSS for Windows, version 10.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL). RESULTS A total of 12,866 men and 14,293 women were examined, which constituted 74.2 and 79.0%, respectively, of the eligible population. Because only subjects aged 70 y answered the complete diet questionnaire, this study was restricted to those below this age. Furthermore, not all subjects answered all of the relevant questions, thus leaving 9252 men and 9662 women to be included in the following analysis; they comprised 79.5 and 77.0%, respectively, of those 70 y old who participated in the Tromsø study. There were no differences in age, BMI or gender distribution between these subjects and those not included in the final analyses (data not shown). The demographics of the study population are given in Table 1; the table also gives the correlation coefficients and standardized regression coefficients for BMI vs. the other variables. In the multiple linear regression model, age was the most significant predictor of BMI (P 0.001). In both sexes, BMI and coffee intake were positively associated (P 0.05) and in women, BMI and alcohol intake were negatively associated (P 0.001). The alcohol intake score and -GT levels were positively correlated (r 0.143; P 0.001, men and women together). Calcium intake and BMI had no direct correlation, but after correcting for the other variables with age as the most important in the multiple regression analysis, there was a significant positive association in men (P 0.001). In women, no association was found even with the entry of categorical dummy variables. Vitamin D intake had a negative correlation with BMI in TABLE 1 Body mass index (BMI), age, coffee and alcohol consumption, physical activity, smoking, and calcium and vitamin D intakes in men and women, and their respective Pearson correlation coefficients (r) with BMI, and standardized regression coefficients ( ) from the linear model with BMI as dependent variable1 Men2 r Women2 r n BMI, kg/m Age, y * 0.141* * 0.228* Coffee, ml/d ** 0.028* ** 0.043* Alcohol,3 units/14 d * 0.104* Physical activity, h/wk * 0.096* * 0.137* Smoking, cigarettes/d * 0.058* * 0.064* Calcium intake,4 mg/d * Calcium intake, mg/d ref mg/d mg/d mg/d 0.00 Vitamin D intake,6 g/d * * Vitamin D intake, g/d ref g/d 0.15* g/d 0.13* 10.0 g/d 0.14* 1 R and for men and women, respectively. 2 Values are means SEM. *P 0.001; ** P unit of alcohol 15 ml of spirits. 4 Calcium intake is entered here as a continuous variable for men. 5 Calcium intake is entered here as a dummy variable for women. 6 Vitamin D intake is entered here as a continuous variable for women. 7 Vitamin D intake is entered here as a dummy variable for men.

3 104 KAMYCHEVA ET AL. men, and after correction for age and other variables in the multiple regression analysis, a significant negative association was found in both sexes (P 0.001). Associations between vitamin D intake quartiles and BMI after adjusting for age were found for both genders (Fig. 1). Among those studied, 764 men and 826 women were obese. In the logistic regression model, the lowest quartile of vitamin D intake was a significant independent predictor of obesity (P 0.001) for both genders, resulting in odds ratios, adjusted for age, calcium intake, physical activity, coffee and alcohol consumption and smoking, of 2.24 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.80, 2.80] in men and 1.51 (95% CI 1.23, 1.85) in women, with the highest quartile as the reference category. In addition, subjects who were obese consumed less vitamin D than nonobese subjects in all age groups (Figs. 2 and 3). The predicted BMI after ingestion of the RDA or higher dose of vitamin D was almost 0.20 kg/m 2 lower in men and 0.25 kg/m 2 lower in women in each age group. DISCUSSION Our main purpose was to examine the relationship between intakes of calcium and vitamin D and BMI. To our surprise we found a significant and positive association between calcium intake and BMI in men and negative and significant associations between intake of vitamin D and BMI in both sexes. Before discussing these findings in detail, we will review the other associations found between life-style factors and BMI. Physical activity is crucial for energy expenditure (10), and as expected, we found a negative correlation with BMI (11). In both sexes, smoking had a significant negative association with BMI, which is consistent with other studies (12,13). Only in women did we find an inverse relationship between alcohol intake and BMI. Other studies have shown a negative association between alcohol intake and BMI in both sexes, but in heavy drinkers only (12). Our questionnaire is likely not an accurate measure of alcohol intake. The correlation between alcohol intake and -GT activity was positive and significant, but the correlation coefficient was rather low, indicating doubtful validity of the self-reported data. FIGURE 2 Vitamin D intake in obese [body mass index (BMI) 30 kg/m 2 )] and nonobese (BMI 30 kg/m 2 ) men in different age groups; obese differs from nonobese (P 0.01) in all age groups. Values are means SEM, n We found a weak but significant positive relation with BMI for coffee intake in both sexes. Theoretically, coffee intake should reduce BMI because coffee consumption decreases the amount of fat tissue by elevating thermogenesis (14) and stimulating the sympathoadrenal system (15). However, previous reports on associations between coffee and BMI differ in their conclusions (16,17). Recently, Davies et al. (5) reported a negative association FIGURE 1 Age adjusted body mass index (BMI) in men and women in relation to quartiles of vitamin D intake. Values are mean SEM, n 9252 for men and n 9662 for women. P-values for difference between the upper and lower quartiles of vitamin D intake are for men and 0.01 for women. FIGURE 3 Vitamin D intake in obese [body mass index (BMI) 30 kg/m 2 )] and nonobese (BMI 30 kg/m 2 ) women in different age groups; obese differs from nonobese (P 0.01) in all age groups. Values are means SEM, n 9662.

4 VITAMIN D INTAKE AND BODY MASS INDEX 105 between calcium intake and BMI in women. In their study, a meta-analysis of four separate studies on calcium supplementation for osteoporosis in which weight was also recorded, an increment in the calcium intake of 100 mg/d led to a 0.82 kg weight decrement (5). They also estimated that the calcium intake could explain 3% of body weight variability (5). Furthermore, in a trial in young women carried out by Teegarden et al. (18), subjects with a high calcium intake had less fat tissue and failed to gain weight, and in a study in young children, Skinner et al. (19) found that dietary calcium had a negative relation to body fat mass. As noted by Davies et al. (5), the lack of focus on calcium intake and weight can be explained by the lack of a plausible explanation for the association. However, there are some recent theories that link calcium metabolism to body weight. Thus, Zemel et al. (6) suggested that intracellular calcium enhances lipid deposition in adipocytes. The calciotrophic hormones, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, promote calcium influx into the lipid cell, thus mediating lipogenesis. A low calcium intake increases these hormones and hence lipid storage as well (6,20). In support of this, there are repeated observations of a high BMI in subjects with elevated PTH (21,22). To our surprise, we could not confirm these observation about calcium intake and body weight. In our study, there was no association between BMI and calcium intake in women, whereas a positive and significant association was found in men. This is hard to explain. For both sexes, the calcium intake, which was calculated mainly from dairy sources, was remarkably low. This may indicate a substantial underreporting of calcium intake. The questionnaire was obviously less accurate than an interview with a dietician (23), although the reproducibility of dietary data from this self-administered questionnaire was evaluated previously and considered acceptable (24). In addition, our questionnaire cannot account for most of the variability in individuals who do not consume much calcium from dairy sources. Furthermore, a linear relationship between BMI and calcium intake did not exist in women, causing us to use dummy variables in the multiple regression model. These shortcomings could mask an association between calcium intake and BMI in women; in this respect, our findings must be viewed with great caution. On the other hand, this cannot explain the significant and positive association found in men. One possible explanation could be an association between calcium intake from dairy products and total energy intake, a factor for which we made no adjustments. Our food-frequency questionnaire was concerned mainly with calcium intake from dairy products, which in a Norwegian diet represent 75% of the total calcium intake (7); this is rather high compared with other populations (25). The relationship in men may therefore not be calcium specific, but could reflect a number of other components in dairy products. There might be a weight-increasing factor in dairy products that overrides a weight-reducing effect of calcium. Thus, in populations in which calcium intake is not based on dairy products, its effect on body weight may become apparent. We found significant inverse associations between BMI and vitamin D intake in men and women, in both the correlation and regression analyses. The difference was observed in all age groups. When stratifying the data for age, the difference in BMI between those in the upper and lower quartiles of vitamin D intake was 1 kg/m 2 in both subgroups. Vitamin D is important for the intestinal absorption of calcium, and the mechanism whereby a high intake of vitamin D could prevent weight increase should therefore theoretically be identical to that discussed above for calcium. However, this is not the case because we have found opposing effects of calcium and vitamin D intakes, at least in men. It is therefore tempting to speculate that the associations observed do not reflect causal relationships. Like differences in calcium intake, differences in meal patterns between populations may be of importance. In Norway, the main sources of vitamin D are cod liver oil and fat fish rather than exposure to sunlight, and the effect on weight, if causal, could be from a number of substances other than vitamin D. Furthermore, dairy products in Norway are not fortified with vitamin D as in the United States and are therefore a negligible source of vitamin D. Concomitantly, vitamin D intake from exposure to sunlight differs in Norway, and it is to be expected that other associations between vitamin D intake and factors such as BMI exist in our population. The number of subjects included in the study was almost 19,000 and the significant associations detected may not necessarily have relevance in a public health sense. To evaluate this, we calculated the expected BMI if those with a low intake had consumed the RDA dose of vitamin D. This resulted in a decrease in BMI of almost 0.20 kg/m 2 for men and 0.25 kg/m 2 for women in each age group, which could have considerable effect on diseases such as hypertension and diabetes (26). In conclusion, we have found many of the expected relationships between life-style factors and BMI. In addition, our data point out the need for further studies on BMI and calcium and vitamin D intakes. In particular, placebo-controlled intervention studies with calcium and vitamin D, in which the primary end point is weight change, are warranted. LITERATURE CITED 1. Lean, M.E.J. (2002) Pathophysiology of obesity. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 59: Taubes, G. (1998) As obesity rates rise, experts struggle to explain why. Science (Washington, DC) 280: Jacobsen, B. K., Njølstad, I., Thune, I., Wilsgaard, T., Løchen, M-L. & Schirmer, H. (2001) Increase in weight in all birth cohorts in a general population. Arch. Intern. Med. 161: Ravussin, E. & Bogardus, C. (2000) Energy balance and weight regulation: genetics versus environment. British J. Nutr. 83: 17S 20S. 5. Davies, K. M., Heaney, R. P., Recker, R. R., Lappe, J. M., Barger-Lux, M., J., Rafferty, K. & Hinders, S. (2000) Calcium intake and body weight. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85: Zemel, M. B., Shi, H., Greer, B., Dirienzo, D. & Zemel, P. C. (2000) Regulation of adiposity by dietary calcium. FASEB J. 14: Jorde, R. & Bønaa K. H. (2000) Calcium from diary products, vitamin D intake, and blood pressure: the Tromsø study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 71: Altman, D. G. (1999) Practical Statistics for Medical Research, p Chapman & Hall/CRC, London UK. 9. Prentice, A. (2002) What are the dietary requirements for calcium and vitamin D? Calcif. Tissue Int. 70: Smith, S. R., de Jonge, L., Zachwieja, J. J., Roy, H., Nguen, T., Rood, J., Windhauser, M., Volaufova, J. & Bray, G. A. (2000) Concurrent physical activity increases fat oxidation during the shift to a high-fat diet. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 72: Thune, I., Njølstad, I., Løchen, M-L. & Førde, O. H. (1998) Physical activity improves the metabolic risk profiles in men and women. Arch. Intern. Med. 158: Tavani, A., Negri, E. & La Vecchia, C. (1994) Determinants of body mass index: a study from northern Italy. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 18: Perkins, K. A., Sexton, J. E. & DiMarco, A. (1996) Acute thermogenic effects of nicotine and alcohol in healthy male and female smokers. Physiol. Behav. 60: Tagliabue, A., Terracina, D., Cena, H., Turconi, G., Lanzola, E. & Montomoli, C. (1994) Coffee induced thermogenesis and skin temperature. Int. J. Obes. 18: Astrup, A. (2000) Thermogenic drugs as a strategy for treatment of obesity. Endocrine 13: Baecke, J. A., Burema, J., Frijters, J. E., Hautvast, J. G. & van der

5 106 KAMYCHEVA ET AL. Wiel-Wetzels, W. A. (1983) Obesity in young Dutch adults: II, daily life-style and body mass index. Int. J. Obes. 7: Merkus, M. P., Mathus-Vliegen, L. M., Broekhoff, C. & Heijnen, A. M. (1995) Extreme obesity: sociodemographic, familial and behavioural correlates in The Netherlands. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 49: Teegarden, D., Lin, Y-C., Weaver, C. M., Lyle, R. M. & McCabe, G. P. (1999) Calcium intake relates to change in body weight in young women. (Abstract). FASEB J. 13: A Skinner, J., Carruth, B. & Coletta, F. (1999) Does dietary calcium have a role in body fat mass accumulation in young children? Scand. J. Nutr. 34: 45S (abs.). 20. Shi, H., Dirienzo. D. & Zemel, M. B. (2001) Effects of dietary calcium on adipocyte lipid metabolism and body weight regulation in energy-restricted ap2- agouti transgenic mice. FASEB J. 15: Hey, H., Lund, B., Sørensen, O. H., Lund, B. & Christensen, M. S. (1979) Impairment of vitamin D and bone metabolism in patients with bypass operation for obesity. Acta Med. Scand. 24: 73S 78S. 22. Jorde, R., Sundsfjord, J., Haug, E. & Bønaa, K. H. (2000) Relation between low calcium intake, parathyroid hormone, and blood pressure. Hypertension 35: McCarron, D. A., Morris, C. D., Henry, H. J. & Stanton, J. L. (1984) Blood pressure and nutrient intake in the United States. Science (Washington, DC) 224: Jacobsen, B. K. & Bønaa, K. H. (1990) The reproducibility of dietary data from a self-administered questionnaire. The Tromsø study. Int. J. Epidemiol. 19: Cavadini, C., Siega-Riz, A. M. & Popkin, B. M. (2000) US adolescent food intake trends from 1965 to West. J. Med. 173: Wilson, P. W., D Agostino, R. B., Sullivan, L., Parise, H. & Kannel, W. B. (2002) Overweight and obesity as determinants of cardiovascular risk: the Framingham experience. Arch. Intern. Med. 162:

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DIETARY CALCIUM INTAKES AND WEIGHT LOSS

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DIETARY CALCIUM INTAKES AND WEIGHT LOSS ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DIETARY CALCIUM INTAKES AND WEIGHT LOSS Presented By: Prof. Mohamed S. Ismail Institution Current: Dept. Clin. Nutr. Univ. Of Dammam, KSA Permanent: Nutr. Food Sci. Menoufia Univ. Egypt

More information

MILK. Nutritious by nature. The science behind the health and nutritional impact of milk and dairy foods

MILK. Nutritious by nature. The science behind the health and nutritional impact of milk and dairy foods MILK Nutritious by nature The science behind the health and nutritional impact of milk and dairy foods Weight control Contrary to the popular perception that dairy foods are fattening, a growing body of

More information

Calcium intake, body composition, and lipoprotein-lipid concentrations in adults 1 3

Calcium intake, body composition, and lipoprotein-lipid concentrations in adults 1 3 Calcium intake, body composition, and lipoprotein-lipid concentrations in adults 1 3 Mélanie Jacqmain, Eric Doucet, Jean-Pierre Després, Claude Bouchard, and Angelo Tremblay ABSTRACT Background: Recent

More information

Vitamin D & Cardiovascular Disease

Vitamin D & Cardiovascular Disease Vitamin D & Cardiovascular Disease Disclosures None Vitamin D Objectives: Discuss the basics of vitamin D metabolism Discuss the role of vitamin D deficiency in the development of coronary disease Review

More information

Milk and weight management

Milk and weight management Milk and weight management Angelo Tremblay Division of Kinesiology Human obesity: is insufficient calcium/dairy intake part of the problem? Risk factors for overweight and obesity in adulthood: Results

More information

Research Article A Study to Assess Relationship Between Nutrition Knowledge and Food Choices Among Young Females

Research Article A Study to Assess Relationship Between Nutrition Knowledge and Food Choices Among Young Females Cronicon OPEN ACCESS EC NUTRITION Research Article A Study to Assess Relationship Between Nutrition Knowledge and Food Choices Among Young Females Maidah Nawaz 1 *, Samia Khalid 1 and Sania Ahmed 2 1 Department

More information

Development of the Eating Choices Index (ECI)

Development of the Eating Choices Index (ECI) Development of the Eating Choices Index (ECI) GK Pot 1, CJ Prynne 1, M Richards 2, AM Stephen 1 1 MRC Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge UK 2 MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, London UK Background

More information

ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, PHYSICAL HEALTH, AND LIFESTYLE IN OLDER ADULTS

ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, PHYSICAL HEALTH, AND LIFESTYLE IN OLDER ADULTS CHAPTER 5 ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, PHYSICAL HEALTH, AND LIFESTYLE IN OLDER ADULTS J. AM. GERIATR. SOC. 2013;61(6):882 887 DOI: 10.1111/JGS.12261 61 ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER,

More information

The 2015 Dutch food-based dietary guidelines:

The 2015 Dutch food-based dietary guidelines: The 2015 Dutch food-based dietary guidelines: supplementary information Appendix 1: explanation of how the Health Council of the Netherlands has handled interests of the committee. Appendix 2: 17 supplementary

More information

Relation between calcium intake and fat oxidation in adult humans

Relation between calcium intake and fat oxidation in adult humans (2003) 27, 196 203 & 2003 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0307-0565/03 $25.00 www.nature.com/ijo PAPER Relation between calcium intake and fat oxidation in adult humans EL Melanson 1 *, TA

More information

INTRODUCTION. Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that

INTRODUCTION. Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that INTRODUCTION 1.1 Obesity Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health (WHO 2012). A crude population measure of obesity is the body mass index,

More information

EFFECT OF SMOKING ON BODY MASS INDEX: A COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY

EFFECT OF SMOKING ON BODY MASS INDEX: A COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY ORIGINAL ARTICLE. EFFECT OF SMOKING ON BODY MASS INDEX: A COMMUNITY-BASED STUDY Pragti Chhabra 1, Sunil K Chhabra 2 1 Professor, Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences,

More information

The obesogenic environment. Jean-Philippe Chaput, PhD

The obesogenic environment. Jean-Philippe Chaput, PhD The obesogenic environment Jean-Philippe Chaput, PhD Obesity prevalence and obesity publications Obesity prevalence (%) Obesity-related publications (*100) 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 12.8 14.1 14.5 22.5

More information

Calcium and Cancer Prevention and Treatment

Calcium and Cancer Prevention and Treatment Calcium and Cancer Prevention and Treatment By: Corrine VanDeMaele and Lindsay Wexler Calcium - Ca - Ca++ Most abundant mineral in human body Functions: Supports structure of bone and teeth Muscle contraction

More information

Shon E. Meek, M.D., Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine

Shon E. Meek, M.D., Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine Shon E. Meek, M.D., Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine meek.shon@mayo.edu 2016 MFMER 3561772-1 Update on Vitamin D Shon Meek MD, PhD 20 th Annual Endocrine Update January 30-Feb 3, 2017 Disclosure Relevant

More information

ESPEN Congress Prague 2007

ESPEN Congress Prague 2007 ESPEN Congress Prague 2007 Key papers in the field of nutrition Dietitian Geila S Rozen Key Papers in the field of Nutrition ESPEN 2007 Prague Geila S Rozen Clinical Nutrition Dep. Rambam health campus

More information

Vitamin D. Vitamin functioning as hormone. Todd A Fearer, MD FACP

Vitamin D. Vitamin functioning as hormone. Todd A Fearer, MD FACP Vitamin D Vitamin functioning as hormone Todd A Fearer, MD FACP Vitamin overview Vitamins are organic compounds that are essential in small amounts for normal metabolism They are different from minerals

More information

Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and depressive symptoms in Japanese: analysis by survey season

Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and depressive symptoms in Japanese: analysis by survey season University of Massachusetts Amherst From the SelectedWorks of Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar Summer August 19, 2009 Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and depressive symptoms in Japanese: analysis

More information

Nutrition and gastrointestinal cancer: An update of the epidemiological evidence

Nutrition and gastrointestinal cancer: An update of the epidemiological evidence Nutrition and gastrointestinal cancer: An update of the epidemiological evidence Krasimira Aleksandrova, PhD MPH Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolsim Start-up Lab Department of Epidemiology German Institute

More information

Disclosures. Nutrition & Menopause. What changes? Mindless Eating 10/6/2017. I have no disclosures

Disclosures. Nutrition & Menopause. What changes? Mindless Eating 10/6/2017. I have no disclosures I have no disclosures Disclosures Nutrition & Menopause Making changes when you can t eat like a 25 year old, and get away with it.. What changes? Social situation Family and family meals Activity levels

More information

Does Hysterectomy Lead to Weight Gain or Does Overweight Lead to Hysterectomy?

Does Hysterectomy Lead to Weight Gain or Does Overweight Lead to Hysterectomy? Dr Janneke BERECKI D Fitzgerald, J Berecki, R Hockey and A Dobson 1 1 School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia Does Hysterectomy Lead to

More information

Longitudinal calcium intake is negatively related to children s body fat indexes

Longitudinal calcium intake is negatively related to children s body fat indexes Continuing Education Questionnaire, page 1712 Meets learning need codes 2090, 4120, 4150, and 5370 Longitudinal calcium intake is negatively related to children s body fat indexes JEAN D. SKINNER, PhD,

More information

MS Society of Canada Recommendations on Vitamin D in MS 1

MS Society of Canada Recommendations on Vitamin D in MS 1 MS Society of Canada Recommendations on Vitamin D in MS Many people affected by MS have questions about vitamin D, and whether it can prevent MS or be used to help stop the disease from getting worse.

More information

UCLA Nutrition Bytes. Title. Permalink. Journal ISSN. Author. Publication Date. Calcium and Hypertension. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68b658ss

UCLA Nutrition Bytes. Title. Permalink. Journal ISSN. Author. Publication Date. Calcium and Hypertension. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68b658ss UCLA Nutrition Bytes Title Calcium and Hypertension Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68b658ss Journal Nutrition Bytes, 4(2) ISSN 1548-601X Author Martinez, Christina Publication Date 1998-01-01

More information

DAIRY AND WEIGHT MANAGEMENT A LOOK AT THE SCIENCE

DAIRY AND WEIGHT MANAGEMENT A LOOK AT THE SCIENCE DAIRY AND WEIGHT MANAGEMENT A LOOK AT THE SCIENCE Obesity has risen at epidemic rates over the past 20 years. Currently, 65% of U.S. adults are overweight or obese, which significantly increases the risk

More information

The Relationship between Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Proportion of Daily Protein Intake

The Relationship between Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Proportion of Daily Protein Intake Korean J Fam Med. 2013;34:43-48 http://dx.doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.1.43 The Relationship between Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Proportion of Daily Protein Intake Original Article Junga Kim, Byungsung

More information

Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women Influenced by the Metabolic Syndrome

Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women Influenced by the Metabolic Syndrome Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women Influenced by the Metabolic Syndrome Thomas et al. Nutrition Journal (2015) 14:99 DOI 10.1186/s12937-015-0092-2 RESEARCH Open Access Acute effect of a supplemented

More information

The Mediterranean Diet: The Optimal Diet for Cardiovascular Health

The Mediterranean Diet: The Optimal Diet for Cardiovascular Health The Mediterranean Diet: The Optimal Diet for Cardiovascular Health Vasanti Malik, ScD Research Scientist Department of Nutrition Harvard School of Public Health Cardiovascular Disease Prevention International

More information

HEALTHCARE SAVINGS ASSOCIATED WITH DIETS ADEQUATE IN ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS

HEALTHCARE SAVINGS ASSOCIATED WITH DIETS ADEQUATE IN ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS HEALTHCARE SAVINGS ASSOCIATED WITH DIETS ADEQUATE IN ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS DATA vs. OPINION BASED POLICY David A. McCarron, M.D., F.A.C.P. Adjunct Professor, Department of Nutrition, University of California,

More information

Overview. The Mediterranean Diet: The Optimal Diet for Cardiovascular Health. No conflicts of interest or disclosures

Overview. The Mediterranean Diet: The Optimal Diet for Cardiovascular Health. No conflicts of interest or disclosures The Mediterranean Diet: The Optimal Diet for Cardiovascular Health No conflicts of interest or disclosures Vasanti Malik, ScD Research Scientist Department of Nutrition Harvard School of Public Health

More information

8/10/2012. Education level and diabetes risk: The EPIC-InterAct study AIM. Background. Case-cohort design. Int J Epidemiol 2012 (in press)

8/10/2012. Education level and diabetes risk: The EPIC-InterAct study AIM. Background. Case-cohort design. Int J Epidemiol 2012 (in press) Education level and diabetes risk: The EPIC-InterAct study 50 authors from European countries Int J Epidemiol 2012 (in press) Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic

More information

Body mass decrease after initial gain following smoking cessation

Body mass decrease after initial gain following smoking cessation International Epidemiological Association 1998 Printed in Great Britain International Journal of Epidemiology 1998;27:984 988 Body mass decrease after initial gain following smoking cessation Tetsuya Mizoue,

More information

Going Coconut over Saturated Fat? Why So Much Confusion? Part 1 Interpreting Conflicting Research

Going Coconut over Saturated Fat? Why So Much Confusion? Part 1 Interpreting Conflicting Research Going Coconut over Saturated Fat? Why So Much Confusion? Part 1 Interpreting Conflicting Research Disclosures Alice H Lichtenstein Board Member/Advisory Panel Food and Nutrition Board, National Academies

More information

ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION. C-Reactive Protein Concentration and Incident Hypertension in Young Adults

ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION. C-Reactive Protein Concentration and Incident Hypertension in Young Adults ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION C-Reactive Protein Concentration and Incident Hypertension in Young Adults The CARDIA Study Susan G. Lakoski, MD, MS; David M. Herrington, MD, MHS; David M. Siscovick, MD, MPH; Stephen

More information

A systematic review of the effects of calcium supplementation on body weight

A systematic review of the effects of calcium supplementation on body weight British Journal of Nutrition (2006), 95, 1033 1038 q The Authors 2006 DOI: 10.1079/BJN20051727 Review Article A systematic review of the effects of calcium supplementation on body weight Rebecca Trowman

More information

Public Health and Nutrition in Older Adults. Patricia P. Barry, MD, MPH Merck Institute of Aging & Health and George Washington University

Public Health and Nutrition in Older Adults. Patricia P. Barry, MD, MPH Merck Institute of Aging & Health and George Washington University Public Health and Nutrition in Older Adults Patricia P. Barry, MD, MPH Merck Institute of Aging & Health and George Washington University Public Health and Nutrition in Older Adults n Overview of nutrition

More information

Obesity and Control. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Sedentary Time in Adults

Obesity and Control. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Sedentary Time in Adults Obesity and Control Received: May 14, 2015 Accepted: Jun 15, 2015 Open Access Published: Jun 18, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.14437/2378-7805-2-106 Research Peter D Hart, Obes Control Open Access 2015, 2:1

More information

Childhood Obesity from the Womb and Beyond

Childhood Obesity from the Womb and Beyond Childhood Obesity from the Womb and Beyond Dr. Theresa Loomis, RD Assistant Professor, SUNY Oneonta Director; MS- Nutrition and Dietetics Program Pediatric Private Practice Dietitian Objectives Who is

More information

Salt, soft drinks & obesity Dr. Feng He

Salt, soft drinks & obesity Dr. Feng He Salt, soft drinks & obesity Dr. Feng He Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK f.he@qmul.ac.uk BP Salt CVD Obesity

More information

YOUR VITAMIN D CHEAT-SHEET

YOUR VITAMIN D CHEAT-SHEET YOUR VITAMIN D CHEAT-SHEET When using the cutoff of 20 ng/ml (50 nmol/l) for vitamin D deficiency, according to data collected by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 90 million Americans are vitamin

More information

Classes of Nutrients A Diet

Classes of Nutrients A Diet Ch. 7 Notes Section 1: What is Nutrition? is the science or study of food and the ways the body uses food. are substances in food that provide energy or help form body tissues and are necessary for life

More information

V t i amin i n D a nd n d Calc l iu i m u : Rol o e l in i n Pr P eve v nt n io i n and n d Tr T eatment n of o Fr F actur u es and n d Fa F ll l s

V t i amin i n D a nd n d Calc l iu i m u : Rol o e l in i n Pr P eve v nt n io i n and n d Tr T eatment n of o Fr F actur u es and n d Fa F ll l s Vitamin D and Calcium: Role in Prevention and Treatment of Fractures and Falls Osteoporosis 21: New Insights In Research, Diagnosis, and Clinical Care Deborah Sellmeyer, MD Director, Johns Hopkins Metabolic

More information

Does Consumer Behaviour on Meat Consumption Increase Obesity? - Empirical Evidence from European Countries

Does Consumer Behaviour on Meat Consumption Increase Obesity? - Empirical Evidence from European Countries International Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 2014; 2(1): 1-5 Published online February 20, 2014 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijebo) doi: 10.11648/j.ijebo.20140201.11 Does Consumer

More information

The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Benghazi Population

The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Benghazi Population IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-issn:2278-3008, p-issn:2319-7676. Volume 13, Issue 4 Ver. I (Jul Aug 2018), PP 36-42 www.iosrjournals.org The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency

More information

How to advise the couple planning to conceive: Modifiable factors that may (or may not) impact fertility

How to advise the couple planning to conceive: Modifiable factors that may (or may not) impact fertility How to advise the couple planning to conceive: Modifiable factors that may (or may not) impact fertility I have nothing to disclose Disclosures Heather Huddleston, MD Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine

More information

Supplemental table 1. Dietary sources of protein among 2441 men from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study MEAT DAIRY OTHER ANIMAL

Supplemental table 1. Dietary sources of protein among 2441 men from the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study MEAT DAIRY OTHER ANIMAL ONLINE DATA SUPPLEMENT 1 SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL Pork Bacon Turkey Kidney Cream Cottage cheese Mutton and lamb Game (elk, reindeer) Supplemental table 1. Dietary sources of protein among 2441 men from the

More information

Lorem ipsum. Do Canadian Adults Meet their Nutrient Requirements through Food Intake Alone? Health Canada, 2012

Lorem ipsum. Do Canadian Adults Meet their Nutrient Requirements through Food Intake Alone? Health Canada, 2012 Health Canada, 2012 Lorem ipsum Cat. H164-112/3-2012E-PDF ISBN. 978-1-100-20026-2 Do Canadian Adults Meet their Nutrient Requirements through Food Intake Alone? Key findings: Five in 10 women and 7 in

More information

Dietary intake in male and female smokers, ex-smokers, and never smokers: The INTERMAP Study

Dietary intake in male and female smokers, ex-smokers, and never smokers: The INTERMAP Study (2003) 17, 641 654 & 2003 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0950-9240/03 $25.00 www.nature.com/jhh ORIGINAL ARTICLE Dietary intake in male and female smokers, ex-smokers, and never smokers: The

More information

Supplementary Table 1. Association of rs with risk of obesity among participants in NHS and HPFS

Supplementary Table 1. Association of rs with risk of obesity among participants in NHS and HPFS Supplementary Table 1. Association of rs3826795 with risk of obesity among participants in NHS and HPFS Case/control NHS (1990) HPFS (1996) OR (95% CI) P- value Case/control OR (95% CI) P- value Obesity

More information

Coordinator of Post Professional Programs Texas Woman's University 1

Coordinator of Post Professional Programs Texas Woman's University 1 OSTEOPOROSIS Update 2007-2008 April 26, 2008 How much of our BMD is under our control (vs. genetics)? 1 2 Genetic effects on bone loss: longitudinal twin study (Makovey, 2007) Peak BMD is under genetic

More information

Socioeconomic Differentials in Misclassification of Height, Weight and Body Mass Index Based on Questionnaire Data

Socioeconomic Differentials in Misclassification of Height, Weight and Body Mass Index Based on Questionnaire Data International Journal of Epidemiology International Epidemiological Association 1997 Vol. 26, No. 4 Printed in Great Britain Socioeconomic Differentials in Misclassification of Height, Weight and Body

More information

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Behaviors of Nursing Students in Nursing School

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Behaviors of Nursing Students in Nursing School International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences Available online at www.ijmrhs.com ISSN No: 2319-5886 International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 2018, 7(8): 16-33 I J M R

More information

The Rockefeller Report I. The Rockefeller Report II. The Rockefeller Study. The Mediterranean Diet MEDITERRANEAN DIET. Antonia Trichopoulou, MD.

The Rockefeller Report I. The Rockefeller Report II. The Rockefeller Study. The Mediterranean Diet MEDITERRANEAN DIET. Antonia Trichopoulou, MD. MEDITERRANEAN DIET The Rockefeller Report I Antonia Trichopoulou, MD. WHO Collaborating Centre for Nutrition Medical School, University of Athens Summer School in Public Health Nutrition and Ageing The

More information

Calcium, Dairy Products and Weight Management

Calcium, Dairy Products and Weight Management Calcium, Dairy Products and Weight Management Arne Astrup Head, professor, MD, DMSc Slide 1 Is there How evidence does eating of benefit dairy from products dairy foods? impact health in the long run?

More information

Folate intake in pregnancy and psychomotor development at 18 months

Folate intake in pregnancy and psychomotor development at 18 months Note: for non-commercial purposes only Folate intake in pregnancy and psychomotor development at 18 months Charlotta Granström Susanne Petersen Marin Strøm Thorhallur I Halldorsson Emily Oken Sjurdur F

More information

Nutritional Risk Factors for Peripheral Vascular Disease: Does Diet Play a Role?

Nutritional Risk Factors for Peripheral Vascular Disease: Does Diet Play a Role? Nutritional Risk Factors for Peripheral Vascular Disease: Does Diet Play a Role? John S. Lane MD, Cheryl P. Magno MPH, Karen T. Lane MD, Tyler Chan BS, Sheldon Greenfield MD University of California, Irvine

More information

Dietary behaviors and body image recognition of college students according to the self-rated health condition

Dietary behaviors and body image recognition of college students according to the self-rated health condition Nutrition Research and Practice (2008), 2(2), 107-113 c2007 The Korean Nutrition Society and the Korean Society of Community Nutrition Dietary behaviors and body image recognition of college students according

More information

Nutrition Guide: Osteoporosis. Ways to support your bone healtt through a balanced diet.

Nutrition Guide: Osteoporosis. Ways to support your bone healtt through a balanced diet. Nutrition Guide: Osteoporosis Ways to support your bone healtt through a balanced diet. Osteoporosis A disease affecting your bones Osteoporosis is known as the condition which affects bone health, and

More information

DAIRY AND WEIGHT MANAGEMENT A LOOK AT THE SCIENCE

DAIRY AND WEIGHT MANAGEMENT A LOOK AT THE SCIENCE DAIRY AND WEIGHT MANAGEMENT A LOOK AT THE SCIENCE Obesity has risen at epidemic rates over the past 20 years. Currently, 65% of U.S. adults are overweight or obese, which significantly increases the risk

More information

Understanding Vitamin D: To D or not to D? Anastassios G Pittas, MD MS Tufts Medical Center

Understanding Vitamin D: To D or not to D? Anastassios G Pittas, MD MS Tufts Medical Center Understanding Vitamin D: To D or not to D? Anastassios G Pittas, MD MS Tufts Medical Center D2dstudy.org pittas@d2dstudy.org Disclosure: NIH funding Popularity of vitamin D RESEARCH CONSUMERS 40000 Publications

More information

Nutritional concerns of overweight / obese older persons. Gordon L Jensen, MD, PhD Dept Nutritional Sciences Penn State University

Nutritional concerns of overweight / obese older persons. Gordon L Jensen, MD, PhD Dept Nutritional Sciences Penn State University Nutritional concerns of overweight / obese older persons Gordon L Jensen, MD, PhD Dept Nutritional Sciences Penn State University Prevalence of obesity among older adults: NHANES 1999-2004 Sex Age (years)

More information

Assessing Overweight in School Going Children: A Simplified Formula

Assessing Overweight in School Going Children: A Simplified Formula Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, 2015, 27-35 ISSN: 2241-2328 (print version), 2241-2336 (online) Scienpress Ltd, 2015 Assessing Overweight in School Going Children: A Simplified Formula

More information

Weight Loss for Young Women - What Works?

Weight Loss for Young Women - What Works? Weight Loss for Young Women - What Works? Helen O Connor PhD APD 1 Research Team Hayley Griffin PhD APD 1, Hoi Lun Cheng APD 1, Kieron Rooney PhD 1, Prof Kate Steinbeck MBBS FRACP 2 1. Exercise & Sport

More information

Don t Worry, Be Healthy Life Management

Don t Worry, Be Healthy Life Management 18 A Biology and Health Janos Kapitany Márta Gajdosné Szabó A Don t Worry, Be Healthy Life Management Biology and Length Health of the ADay19 Photos top: sxc.hu, Ezran Kamal bottom:rebecca-lee's photostream,

More information

The Impact of Life Style & Dietary Habits on Vitamin D status Among Young Emiratis. Fatme Al Anouti, Ph.D. Zayed University, Abu Dhabi

The Impact of Life Style & Dietary Habits on Vitamin D status Among Young Emiratis. Fatme Al Anouti, Ph.D. Zayed University, Abu Dhabi The Impact of Life Style & Dietary Habits on Vitamin D status Among Young Emiratis Fatme Al Anouti, Ph.D. Zayed University, Abu Dhabi The Sun-Shine Vitamin Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized

More information

Low-Carbohydrate Diets and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Population-based Cohort Study and Pooling Prospective Studies

Low-Carbohydrate Diets and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Population-based Cohort Study and Pooling Prospective Studies Low-Carbohydrate Diets and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Population-based Cohort Study and Pooling Prospective Studies Mohsen Mazidi 1, Niki Katsiki 2, Dimitri P. Mikhailidis 3, Maciej Banach

More information

Maternal and Infant Nutrition Briefs

Maternal and Infant Nutrition Briefs Maternal and Infant Nutrition Briefs A research-based newsletter prepared by the University of California for professionals interested in maternal and infant nutrition March/April 2003 New Guidelines on

More information

Research Shows Healthy Living is Longer Living

Research Shows Healthy Living is Longer Living December 2018 Research Shows Healthy Living is Longer Living Research shows that living a healthy lifestyle can add a Researchers from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health conducted a study of

More information

Table Cohort studies of consumption of alcoholic beverages and cancer of the colorectum

Table Cohort studies of consumption of alcoholic beverages and cancer of the colorectum Akhter et al. (2007), Japan, Miyagi Study [data also included in the pooled analysis, Mizoue et al. (2008)] of 21 199 men living in the Miyagi region recruited in 1990; aged 40 64 years; followed-up until

More information

Dairy matrix effects on T2 diabetes and cardiometabolic health?

Dairy matrix effects on T2 diabetes and cardiometabolic health? Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports Dairy matrix effects on T2 diabetes and cardiometabolic health? Arne Astrup Head of department, professor, MD, DMSc. Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports

More information

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA AMONG THAI MEN AND WOMEN RECEIVING HEALTH EXAMINATIONS

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA AMONG THAI MEN AND WOMEN RECEIVING HEALTH EXAMINATIONS PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA AMONG THAI MEN AND WOMEN RECEIVING HEALTH EXAMINATIONS Denny Le 1, Alvin Garcia 1, Vitool Lohsoonthorn

More information

Coffee Intake and Mortality from Liver Cirrhosis

Coffee Intake and Mortality from Liver Cirrhosis Coffee Intake and Mortality from Liver Cirrhosis AAGE TVERDAL, PHD, AND SVETLANA SKURTVEIT, PHD PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between coffee consumption and mortality from

More information

Nutritional needs in early childhood: How to ensure optimum growth and prevent obesity

Nutritional needs in early childhood: How to ensure optimum growth and prevent obesity Nutritional needs in early childhood: How to ensure optimum growth and prevent obesity Yannis Manios Associate Professor Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Harokopio University, Athens, Greece e-mail:

More information

Nutrition and Energy 1

Nutrition and Energy 1 Nutrition and Energy 1 Food Energy The ingestion of food serves two primary functions: 1. it provides a source of energy 2. it provides raw materials the animal is unable to manufacture for itself. 2 Basal

More information

Executive summary. 9 Executive summary

Executive summary. 9 Executive summary Executive summary In, the former ood and Nutrition Council of the Netherlands published dietary reference intakes. These were primarily aimed at the prevention of deficiency symptoms. In recent years,

More information

Effects of dietary calcium intake on body weight and prevalence of osteoporosis in early postmenopausal women 1,2

Effects of dietary calcium intake on body weight and prevalence of osteoporosis in early postmenopausal women 1,2 See corresponding editorial on page 527. Effects of dietary calcium intake on body weight and prevalence of osteoporosis in early postmenopausal women 1,2 Massimo Varenna, Lucia Binelli, Silvia Casari,

More information

DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS, ,

DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS, , DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS, 2015-2020, AND THE STATE OF THE AMERICAN DIET Vanessa da Silva, PhD, RD Assistant Professor and Nutrition Specialist University of Arizona DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS

More information

The Great Dairy Debate. Is dairy healthy for you or not? It isn t black and white

The Great Dairy Debate. Is dairy healthy for you or not? It isn t black and white The Great Dairy Debate Is dairy healthy for you or not? It isn t black and white Dairy (sticky note affinity analysis) Benefits Concerns Learning Objectives Identify nutrients found in different dairy

More information

Vitamin D blood levels of Canadians

Vitamin D blood levels of Canadians Catalogue no.82-624 X ISSN 1925-6493 Article Vitamin D blood levels of Canadians by Teresa Janz and Caryn Pearson Health Statistics Division January 2013 How to obtain more information For information

More information

How to Design, Conduct, and Analyze Vitamin D Clinical Trials

How to Design, Conduct, and Analyze Vitamin D Clinical Trials How to Design, Conduct, and Analyze Vitamin D Clinical Trials William B. Grant, PhD Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Center wbgrant@infionline.net Disclosure I receive funding from Bio-Tech Pharmacal,

More information

Dietary protein: guidelines, requirements and a lack of common sense

Dietary protein: guidelines, requirements and a lack of common sense Dietary protein: guidelines, requirements and a lack of common sense Douglas Paddon-Jones, Ph.D. The University of Texas Medical Branch Overview 1. protein metabolism 2. building muscle in response to

More information

EFFECTIVENESS OF PHONE AND LIFE- STYLE COUNSELING FOR LONG TERM WEIGHT CONTROL AMONG OVERWEIGHT EMPLOYEES

EFFECTIVENESS OF PHONE AND  LIFE- STYLE COUNSELING FOR LONG TERM WEIGHT CONTROL AMONG OVERWEIGHT EMPLOYEES CHAPTER 5: EFFECTIVENESS OF PHONE AND E-MAIL LIFE- STYLE COUNSELING FOR LONG TERM WEIGHT CONTROL AMONG OVERWEIGHT EMPLOYEES Marieke F. van Wier, J. Caroline Dekkers, Ingrid J.M. Hendriksen, Martijn W.

More information

Can you reduce dementia risk through diet?

Can you reduce dementia risk through diet? Can you reduce dementia risk through diet? Margaret P Rayman Professor of Nutritional Medicine University of Surrey Dietary Factors That May Protect Against Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer s Disease Antioxidants

More information

Estimated mean cholestero intake. (mg/day) NHANES survey cycle

Estimated mean cholestero intake. (mg/day) NHANES survey cycle 320 Estimated mean cholestero intake (mg/day) 300 280 260 240 220 200 2001-02 2003-04 2005-06 2007-08 2009-10 2011-12 2013-14 NHANES survey cycle Figure S1. Estimated mean 1 (95% confidence intervals)

More information

Dietary Pattern, BMI and Calcium Status of Female College Students

Dietary Pattern, BMI and Calcium Status of Female College Students JMSCR Volume 2 Issue 5 Pages 1099-1107 May www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor-1.1147 ISSN (e)-2347-176x Dietary Pattern, BMI and Calcium Status of Female College Students Authors Monika Bhardwaj

More information

GENETIC INFLUENCES ON APPETITE AND CHILDREN S NUTRITION

GENETIC INFLUENCES ON APPETITE AND CHILDREN S NUTRITION GENETIC INFLUENCES ON APPETITE AND CHILDREN S NUTRITION DR CLARE LLEWELLYN Lecturer in Behavioural Obesity Research Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London Tuesday 8 th November, 2016

More information

Dietary intake patterns in older adults. Katherine L Tucker Northeastern University

Dietary intake patterns in older adults. Katherine L Tucker Northeastern University Dietary intake patterns in older adults Katherine L Tucker Northeastern University Changes in dietary needs with aging Lower energy requirement Less efficient absorption and utilization of many nutrients

More information

Nutritional Analysis of Wakame

Nutritional Analysis of Wakame As a clinical term, medical obesity occurs when a person s Body Mass Index (BMI) exceeds a measurement of 30 or greater. http://www.nhlbisupport.com/bmi/ BMI is an internationally recognized measure of

More information

The Role of Vitamin D in Heart Disease. Janet Long, MSN, ACNP, CLS, FAHA, FNLA Cardiovascular Institute Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital

The Role of Vitamin D in Heart Disease. Janet Long, MSN, ACNP, CLS, FAHA, FNLA Cardiovascular Institute Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital The Role of Vitamin D in Heart Disease Janet Long, MSN, ACNP, CLS, FAHA, FNLA Cardiovascular Institute Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital None Conflict of Interest What is Vitamin D Produced

More information

4 Nutrient Intakes and Dietary Sources: Micronutrients

4 Nutrient Intakes and Dietary Sources: Micronutrients Nutrient Intakes and Dietary Sources: Micronutrients New Zealanders obtain the energy and nutrients they require from a wide variety of foods and beverages, and in some cases from dietary supplements as

More information

Lead Review Article. Dietary Calcium and Dairy Modulation of Adiposity and Obesity Risk. Michael B. Zemel, Ph.D., and Sharon L. Miller, Ph.D.

Lead Review Article. Dietary Calcium and Dairy Modulation of Adiposity and Obesity Risk. Michael B. Zemel, Ph.D., and Sharon L. Miller, Ph.D. Lead Review Article April 2004: 125 131 Dietary Calcium and Dairy Modulation of Adiposity and Obesity Risk Michael B. Zemel, Ph.D., and Sharon L. Miller, Ph.D. Dietary calcium plays a key role in the regulation

More information

Smoking Status and Body Mass Index in the United States:

Smoking Status and Body Mass Index in the United States: Smoking Status and Body Mass Index in the United States: 1996-2000 Jun Yang, MD, PhD and Gary Giovino, PhD Roswell Park Cancer Institute Elm and Carlton Streets Buffalo, NY 14263, USA Society for Research

More information

Appendix 1. Evidence summary

Appendix 1. Evidence summary Appendix 1. Evidence summary NG7 01. Recommendation 1 Encourage people to make changes in line with existing advice ES 1.17, 1.31, 1.32, 1.33, 1.37, 1.40, 1.50, 2.7, 2.8, 2.10; IDE New evidence related

More information

High Fiber and Low Starch Intakes Are Associated with Circulating Intermediate Biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetes among Women 1 3

High Fiber and Low Starch Intakes Are Associated with Circulating Intermediate Biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetes among Women 1 3 The Journal of Nutrition Nutritional Epidemiology High Fiber and Low Starch Intakes Are Associated with Circulating Intermediate Biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetes among Women 1 3 Hala B AlEssa, 4 Sylvia H

More information

Does Dairy Calcium Intake Enhance Weight Loss Among Overweight Diabetic Patients?

Does Dairy Calcium Intake Enhance Weight Loss Among Overweight Diabetic Patients? Clinical Care/Education/Nutrition O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Does Dairy Calcium Intake Enhance Weight Loss Among Overweight Diabetic Patients? DANIT R. SHAHAR, RD, PHD 1,2 RELLY ABEL, RD, MSC 3 ASHER

More information

MILK, SUSTAINABILITY AND NUTRITION DAIRY FARMERS OF CANADA

MILK, SUSTAINABILITY AND NUTRITION DAIRY FARMERS OF CANADA MILK, SUSTAINABILITY AND NUTRITION SHARING PERSPECTIVES How will I contribute to the conversation today? DFC s team of health professionals, train and engage with thousands of key food influencers each

More information

Consuming a Varied Diet can Prevent Diabetes But Can You Afford the Added Cost? Annalijn Conklin 18 January 2017, Vancouver, Canada

Consuming a Varied Diet can Prevent Diabetes But Can You Afford the Added Cost? Annalijn Conklin 18 January 2017, Vancouver, Canada 1 Consuming a Varied Diet can Prevent Diabetes But Can You Afford the Added Cost? Annalijn Conklin 18 January 2017, Vancouver, Canada 2 Overview The problem of type 2 diabetes What is diet diversity /

More information

Lorem ipsum. Do Canadian Adolescents Meet their Nutrient Requirements through Food Intake Alone? Health Canada, Key findings: Introduction

Lorem ipsum. Do Canadian Adolescents Meet their Nutrient Requirements through Food Intake Alone? Health Canada, Key findings: Introduction Health Canada, 2012 Lorem ipsum Cat. H164-112/2-2012E-PD ISBN. 978-1-100-20027-9 Introduction Do Canadian Adolescents Meet their Nutrient Requirements through ood Intake Alone? Key findings: Three in ten

More information

What are the patterns of dietary intake across the lifespan and the opportunities to support healthy aging?

What are the patterns of dietary intake across the lifespan and the opportunities to support healthy aging? What are the patterns of dietary intake across the lifespan and the opportunities to support healthy aging? Eve Stoody, PhD Lead Nutritionist U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CENTER FOR NUTRITION POLICY

More information

Food sources of fat may clarify the inconsistent role of dietary fat intake for incidence of type 2 diabetes 1 4

Food sources of fat may clarify the inconsistent role of dietary fat intake for incidence of type 2 diabetes 1 4 Food sources of fat may clarify the inconsistent role of dietary fat intake for incidence of type 2 diabetes 1 4 Ulrika Ericson, Sophie Hellstrand, Louise Brunkwall, Christina-Alexandra Schulz, Emily Sonestedt,

More information