Dietary, processing and animal factors affecting energy digestibility in swine 1

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Dietary, processing and animal factors affecting energy digestibility in swine 1"

Transcription

1 Dietary, processing and animal factors affecting energy digestibility in swine 1 Jean Noblet INRA, F Saint-Gilles (France) jean.noblet@rennes.inra.fr Introduction The cost of feed is the most important cost of pig meat production (#60-70%) and the energy component represents the greatest proportion. Therefore, it is important to estimate precisely the energy value of feeds, either for least-cost formulation purposes or for adapting feed supply to energy requirements of animals. In addition, energy supply has an important impact on performance of animals. Evaluation of energy content of pig feeds is firstly and most commonly based on their digestible (DE) or metabolizable (ME) energy contents. However, the closest estimate of the "true" energy value of a feed corresponds to its net energy (NE) content which takes into account differences in metabolic utilization of ME between digested nutrients. The objectives of this review paper are to present the effects of some dietary, processing and animal factors that affect energy digestibility of pig feeds. More complete reviews on this topic have been proposed previously (Noblet et al., 2004; Noblet and van Milgen, 2004; Noblet, 2006; Noblet and van Milgen, 2013). The unit for energy in the text is Joule (or kj or MJ) with 1 Cal = 4.18 Joules. Diet composition and energy digestibility For most pig diets, the digestibility coefficient of energy (DCe) varies between 70 and 90% but the variation is larger for feed ingredients (10 to 100%). Most of the variation of DCe is related to the presence of dietary fiber (DF) which is less digestible than other nutrients (<50% vs % for starch, sugars, fat or protein) and which also reduces the apparent fecal digestibility of other dietary nutrients such as crude protein and fat. Consequently, DCe is linearly and negatively related to the DF content of the feed (Le Goff and Noblet, 2001). The coefficients relating DCe to DF are such that DF essentially dilutes the diet, at least in growing pigs (table 1). In other terms, even though DF is partly digested by the young growing pig, it provides very little DE to the animal. In addition, the digestibility of DF depends on its botanical origin with some sources almost indigestible in pigs (wheat straw) and others that are highly digested (sugarbeet pulp, soybean hulls); these differences are due, on one hand, to the degree of lignification (i.e. negative effect) and, on the other hand, to the content of pectins and the degree of solubility of DF (i.e. positive effects). Some illustrations of these variations are given in table 2. In most feeding systems, the supply of minerals (carbonate, etc.) is considered to be equivalent to a diluent of the feed. However, the addition of phosphate or carbonates reduces the digestibility of energy, organic matter or crude protein and, more generally, DCe is negatively affected by the dietary ash content (Noblet and van Milgen, 2013; equation 2 in table 1). Under practical conditions, this observation should be considered when the ash content is markedly reduced (in connection with the use of phytase, for instance). Complementary aspects of dietary factors on DCe will be considered in the section on fat digestibility. Animal factors and energy digestibility Up to 20 years ago, it was accepted that a given feed was attributed only one energy value whatever the feed was fed to young, growing or adult pigs. It is even still the case in some recent feeding 1 Paper prepared for the Southeast Asian Feed Technology and Nutrition Workshop, 3-7 June 2013, Bangkok (Thaïland); available at: 1

2 tables for swine (NRC, 2012). However, DCe increases with increasing BW (Noblet 2006; Noblet et al., 2013) with, on average, a 0.5% higher DCe per 10 kg BW increase (table 1). The largest effect of BW is observed when adult sows either pregnant or lactating and (close to) ad libitum growing pigs are compared (Le Goff and Noblet, 2001; Le Gall et al., 2009). And the difference due to BW increase is the most pronounced for high fiber diets or ingredients: the negative effect of DF on DCe is then lower in adult pigs than in growing pigs and the contribution of DF to energy supply becomes then significant (table 1). As illustrated in table 3, the DE value is 1.8, 4.2, 6.0, 10.3, 16.6 and 36% higher in sows for wheat, corn, soybean meal, wheat bran, corn gluten feed and soybean hulls, respectively. This improvement of energy digestibility with BW is mainly explained by an improved digestive utilization of DF (table 2), this improvement being dependent on botanical origin. As illustrated in table 2, the improvement is higher for corn DF than for wheat DF. These changes in DF and energy digestibility with BW increase are explained by an increased hindgut capacity and a subsequent reduced rate of passage of digesta in the gut (Le Goff et al., 2002). In other words, these changes in the gut physiology allow an additional digestion of the organic matter that is undigested in young pigs. From a compilation of a large data base, we were able to calculate that the adult sow was able to get 4.2 kj of additional DE per g of undigested organic matter measured in the growing pig (Noblet et al., 2004); but this value changed with the botanical origin of the ingredient (table 3). The pigs may be fed different feeding levels, especially the reproductive pigs when gestation and lactation are compared. Even there is a tendency for an increased digestibility with reduced feeding level (Noblet and van Milgen, 2013), this effect remains rather negligible (table 4) and can be ignored, even in lactating sows compared to pregnant sows. In addition, if we consider that piglets are usually fed low-fiber diets for which the effect of BW is minimized, piglets can, from a practical point of view, be considered as growing pigs concerning the digestive utilization of energy. Overall, these results suggest that that at least two different DE values should be used in pig production, one for piglets and growing pigs and one for adult sows. Under all practical conditions, the effect of pig genotype on DCe is ignored, even some results suggest higher digestibilities in unselected native breeds. However, the interpretation of these results is complicated by the fact that their rate of growth is slower and their sexual development is quicker; the feed intake may also be different. Other results obtained recently in modern breeds indicate that DCe in growing pigs is genetically dependent with, for instance, a significant effect of boar origin on DCe in a population of Large-White pigs (Noblet et al., 2013). This finding is a promising approach for getting more efficient pigs and reducing the quantities of excreta and manure. Processing and energy digestibility Digestibility of energy can be modified by technological treatments which can be more or less complex or sophisticated and with variable objectives. Pelleting, for instance, increases the energy digestibility of feeds by about 1% (Noblet, 2006; Le Gall et al., 2009). However, the improvement is more important for some ingredients such as full fat rapeseed or (high oil) corn for which pelleting improves the digestibility of fat with subsequent marked differences in their DCe and DE values between mash and pellet forms (table 5). Some ingredients may even require a "tougher" processing such as extrusion for increasing the digestibility of nutrients and energy: this is the case of full fat linseed that provides omega 3 fatty acids for which the fat fraction is poorly digested without previous extrusion (table 5). Finally, the nutrients availability in pig feeds may be improved by supplementing enzymes or acids, for instance. The literature on these topics is rather abundant with unclear conclusions. Most of the confusion comes probably from the fact that measurement of fecal digestibility is unable to account for the partition of digestion between the small intestine and the hindgut with an important compensation of the hindgut in pigs. Fat digestibility The gross energy content of fat is much higher than the other nutrients (39.4 kj/g) and its average digestibility is also high (85%). As indicated in the NE system, the efficiency of fat ME (or fat DE) for NE is higher (90%) than for the other nutrients. Consequently, fat is a unique source for increasing the energy density of pig diets that may, for instance, compensate the depressive effect of DF on energy content. Potential variations of fat digestibility are therefore important to consider. 2

3 The variability in fat digestibility is first related to the fatty acids (FA) composition of the triglycerides. Measurement of ileal FA digestibility in animal fat at a relatively high inclusion rate (Jorgensen et al., 1992) indicates that medium chain FA (C12 and C14) are highly digestible (94%) while the saturated long chain FA are much less digestible (85% for C16:0 and 73% for C18:0). The corresponding mono unsaturated FA (C16:1 and C18:1) are highly digestible (95%). These differences between FA according to the chain length and the degree of unsaturation have been confirmed by other authors or from total fat digestibility measurements on fat sources that differ for the degree of unsaturation or the chain length (Table 6). One practical consequence is that animal fat sources are usually less digestible than vegetable fat sources. The amount of free FA also affects fat and FA digestibilities since free FA are less digestible than FA that are bound to glycerol. The so-called acid fat sources have then a lower digestibility and a lower energy value than nonacid fat sources (table 6). Fat digestibility is not affected by BW in growingfinishing pigs and results are quite comparable in adult sows and growing pigs (unpublished data). However, at weaning, especially at an early age, fat digestibility is lower (Cera et al., 1988; 1989). In the first study, for instance, the fat digestibility of three diets averaged 71, 75, 84 and 85% in weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 after weaning at 21d. The digestibility of fat is then dependent on two important factors, the degree of saturation of FA and the amount of free FA. From the compilation of literature measurements, Powles et al. (1995) have proposed a general equation for predicting the DE content of fat sources (MJ/kg) according to the ratio unsaturated FA:saturated FA (U/S) and the amount of free FA (FFA, g/kg fat): DE, MJ/kg = FFA 7.3 e U/S. In practice and if sources that contain non negligible levels of FFA are excluded, the average fat or energy digestibility of fat sources is close to 85%. The DE and ME values are then equal to about 33.5 (39.4 x 0.85) and 33.3 (33.5 x 0.995) MJ/kg, respectively. These recommended values may slightly underestimate the energy values of vegetable fat sources (-2 to 3%) and overestimate the energy values of animal fat sources. In any case, they can be used for acid fat sources for which the energy digestibility is quite variable and does not exceed 80% (Jorgensen and Fernandez, 2000; Powles et al., 1993; Wiseman and Cole, 1987). A correction factor of 0.50 and 0.45 MJ of DE value and NE value per 100 g increase of FFA can be proposed according to Powles et al. (1995). Metabolizable energy The ME content of a feed is the difference between DE and energy losses in urine and gases (methane). In growing pigs, average energy loss in methane is equivalent to 0.4% of DE intake and is 2-3 times this amount in adult sows (Noblet and van Milgen, 2013). Energy loss in urine represents a variable percentage of DE since urinary energy depends greatly on the urinary nitrogen excretion. At a given stage of production, urinary nitrogen excretion is mainly related to the (digestible) protein content of the diet, relative to the protein and amino acids requirement of the pig (table 1). On average, it represents about 4% of the DE value and the ME/DE ratio averages 96%. However, these mean values cannot be applied to single feed ingredients. The most appropriate solution is then to estimate to consider that a constant proportion of the N provided by each ingredient included in the diet is excreted. In growing pigs, the urinary energy (kj/kg feed DM) can be predicted from urinary nitrogen (g/kg feed DM) according to the following equation: Urinary energy = x urinary nitrogen For most situations, it can be assumed that urinary nitrogen represents 50% of digestible nitrogen or 40% of total nitrogen (Noblet et al. 2004). The application of this calculation method indicates that the ME/DE ratio is above 99% for N-free ingredients (fat sources, etc.) and close to 90% for high protein ingredients, such as soybean meal (Sauvant et al., 2004). The above formula is slightly different in adult sows (Noblet et al., 2004; Noblet and van Milgen, 2013). With regard to digestive gas energy losses, a method is proposed by Noblet et al. (2004) with the highest gas energy losses in high DF ingredients in adult pigs (up to 6% of DE for soybean hulls, for instance). In most cases, they are negligible in feeds for growing pigs. 3

4 Feeding tables and EvaPig Apart from direct measurement on pigs that are costly, time-consuming and rather complex, the DE and ME values of raw materials can be obtained from feeding tables (Sauvant et al. 2004; EvaPig; NRC 2012). In the case of tables of Sauvant et al. (2004), two sets of DE, ME and NE values are proposed, one for piglets and growing-finishing pigs and one for reproductive sows. The interest of using a specific set of values for adult sows is the most accentuated for high fiber feeds that may be highly used in the diets of pregnant sows that are fed restrictively and then contribute to improve the welfare of such animals. But, for any table, the utilization of tabulated values should be restricted to ingredients having chemical characteristics similar or close to those in the tables. However, practically, the chemical composition and therefore the energy value of most raw materials differ from those listed in the feeding tables. It is then advised to correct the energy value for differences in chemical composition between ingredients proposed in the tables and those actually available for least-cost formulation; the EvaPig tool has been proposed for such a purpose ( with recalculation of energy values for both growing pigs and reproductive sows. Such corrections/adjustments can be done for about 120 reference ingredients included in the software. Finally, a rather frequent difficulty in feed evaluation consists in estimating the energy value of compound feeds when their ingredients composition is unknown or for totally new ingredients not included in the feeding table. The best solution is then to use prediction equations based on chemical criteria (Le Goff and Noblet 2001; EvaPig) or estimates from near infrared or in vitro methods (Noblet and Jaguelin-Peyraud 2007). The EvaPig software proposes such evaluations. In conclusion, the EvaPig software is first a feeding table but its main target is the estimation of nutritional values of pig feeds according to the actual (chemical) characteristics of the feed and on concepts that have been validated. It is then usable in the feed industry to generate the nutritional value of successive batches of ingredients. It can also be used for teaching the nutritional concepts used in feed evaluation. It is so far available in 14 different languages and freely available at Conclusions As indicated in several articles, the "true" energy value of a feed is better estimated according to its NE content than its DE or ME content. But the NE content is directly dependent on DE or ME values or digestible nutrients contents. The primary factor of variation of the "true" energy value of a feed is then the digestibility of energy. This review indicates that energy digestibility of a diet or an ingredient varies firstly with its chemical characteristics (dietary fiber), secondly with animal BW and technology and thirdly with other factors such as feeding level or animal genotype. In a context of precise feeding of pigs, it is then necessary to evaluate precisely the energy content of pig feeds and consider the effects of these factors. Consequently, a feed can be given several energy values. However, simplifications are required: it is then suggested to use at least two energy values in pig production, one for piglets and growing pigs and one for reproductive sows. The impact of technologies (pelleting, extrusion, enzymes cocktails, etc.) should also be taken into account. Unfortunately, the information is not available for all ingredients and all types of technologies: knowledge is required for the future. Finally, ingredients are changing over time or new ingredients become available. In order to make decision on their purchasing and utilization, rapid methods of evaluation are required. Predictions based on chemical characteristics, NIR information or in vitro data represent a first set of possibilities but they need to be also more documented. References (selection) EvaPig: a calculator of energy, amino acid and phosphorus values of ingredients and diets for growing and adult pigs. Available at: Le Gall, M., M. Warpechowski, Y. Jaguelin-Peyraud, and J. Noblet, Influence of dietary fibre level and pelleting on digestibility of energy and nutrients in growing pigs and adult sows. Animal 3: Le Goff, G., and J. Noblet, Comparative digestibility of dietary energy and nutrients in growing pigs and adult sows. J. Anim. Sci. 79:

5 Le Goff, G., J. van Milgen, and J. Noblet, Influence of dietary fibre on digestive utilization and rate of passage in growing pigs, finishing pigs, and adult sows. Anim. Sci. 74: Noblet, J., B. Sève, and C. Jondreville, Nutritional values for pigs. In: Tables of composition and nutritional value of feed materials: pigs, poultry, cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits, horses, fish, Eds. D. Sauvant, J.M. Perez and G. Tran. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen and INRA Editions, Versailles. pp Noblet, J., and J. van Milgen, Energy value of pig feeds: Effect of pig body weight and energy evaluation system. J. Anim. Sci. 82: E. Suppl., E229-E238. Noblet, J., Recent advances in energy evaluation of feeds for pigs. In: Recent advances in Animal Nutrition 2005, Eds. P.C. Garnsworthy and J. Wiseman. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham. pp Noblet, J., and Y. Jaguelin-Peyraud, Prediction of digestibility of organic matter and energy in the growing pig from an in vitro method. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 134: Noblet, J., and J. van Milgen, Chapter 2: Energy and Energy Metabolism in Swine. In Sustainable Swine Nutrition, Ed. L.I. Chiba, John Wiley & Sons, Ames, Iowa, USA, pp Noblet, J., H. Gilbert, Y. Jaguelin-Peyraud, and T. Lebrun, Evidence of genetic variability for digestive efficiency in the growing pig. Animal (in press; doi: /s ) NRC, Nutrient requirements of swine. The National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. Powles, J., J. Wiseman, D.J.A. Cole, and B. Hardy, Effect of chemical structure of fats upon their apparent digestible energy value when given to growing/finishing pigs. Anim. Prod. 57: Powles, J., J. Wiseman, D.J.A. Cole, and S. Jagger, Prediction of the apparent digestible energy value of fats given to pigs. Anim. Sci. 61: Sauvant, D., J.M. Perez, and G. Tran, Tables of composition and nutritional value of feed materials: pigs, poultry, cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits, horses, fish. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen and INRA Editions, Versailles. 5

6 Table 1. Effect of diet composition (g/kg dry matter) or body weight (BW, kg) on energy digestibility (DCe, %) and ME:DE coefficient (%) in pigs a Equation RSD Source 1 DCe = x NDF DCe = x NDF x Ash DCe = x NDF DCe = x BW ME/DE = x CP a CP: crude protein, NDF: Neutral Detergent Fibre,; RSD: Residual standard deviation; 1: Le Goff and Noblet 2001; n=77 diets; equations 1, 2 and 5 in 60 kg growing pigs and equation 2 in adult sows, respectively); 2: Noblet et al (1 diet;20 pigs measured over 10 consecutive weeks between 30 and 95 kg BW). Table 2. Digestibility of fibre fractions and energy in high fibre ingredients in growing pigs (G) and adult sows (S) a Wheat bran Corn bran Sugar beet pulp G S G S G S Digestibility coefficient (%) of Non-starch polysaccharides Non cellulose polysaccharides Cellulose Dietary fibre a Energy a Adapted from Noblet and Bach-Knudsen (1997); dietary fibre = Non-starch polysaccharides + lignin Table 3. Digestible energy value of some ingredients for growing pigs and adult sows a DE, MJ/kg b Ingredient Growing pig Adult pig a c Wheat Barley Corn Pea Soybean meal Rapeseed meal Sunflower meal Wheat bran Corn gluten feed Soybean hulls a Adapted from Sauvant et al. (2004a, b) As fed. c kj difference in DE between adult sows and growing pigs per g of indigestible organic matter in the growing pig (Noblet et al., 2004). 6

7 Table 4. Effect of feeding level on digestive utilization of energy in growing pigs and adult dry sows Stage Growing pig a Adult sow b Feeding level Body weight, kg Feed intake, g DM/d Energy digestibility, % a Mean of 2 compound feeds containing 13 and 21% NDF; the effect of feeding level was more pronounced in the high NDF feed (P < 0,05) (J. Noblet, unpublished data) b Mean of 4 compound feeds based on maize, wheat, barley, peas, soybean meal and variable proportions of wheat bran, soybean hulls, sugar beet pulp, wheat straw and rapeseed oil (J. Noblet, unpublished data) Table 5. Effect of pelleting on energy digestibility of feeds in growing pigs Technology Mash Pellet Reference a Wheat-SBM diets (n=2) 88.6 * Wheat-corn-barley-soybean meal diets (n=4) 75.8 ** Corn-SBM diets (n=3) 88.4 ** Corn (n=5) 87 ** 90 3 Full-fat rapeseed 35 ** 83 4 Linseed (extrusion) 51 ** 84 5 a 1: Le Gall et al., 2009; 2: Noblet and Champion, 2003; 3: Noblet and Jaguelin-Peyraud, 2008; 4: Skiba et al., 2002; 5: Noblet et al., Table 6. Fat and energy digestibility of some fat sources: literature survey. U/S1 FFA, % a Digestibility, % Reference b Fat Energy Rapeseed oil Tallow Tallow Palm oil Soybean oil Soybean acid oil Tallow acid oil Animal fat Soybean oil Palm oil Vegetable oil by-product Rapeseed oil 15.2 NA Soybean oil NA NA Rapeseed oil NA NA Sunflower oil NA NA Soybean oil 5.6 NA Lard 1.42 NA Tallow 0.92 NA Poultry fat 2.1 NA a U/S: ratio unsaturated fatty acids: saturated fatty acids; FFA: free fatty acids b References: 1: Powles et al. (1993); reference 2: Jorgensen and Fernandez (2000); reference 3: Jorgensen et al. (1996); reference 4: J. Noblet, unpublished data; reference 5: Bourdon and Hauzy,

Recent Developments in Net Energy Research for Swine

Recent Developments in Net Energy Research for Swine Recent Developments in Net Energy Research for Swine Jean Noblet INRA, UMR SENAH, 35590 Saint Gilles, FRANCE; Email: Jean.Noblet@rennes.inra.fr Introduction The cost of feed is the most important cost

More information

Energy 01/02/2013. Jean NOBLET INRA 30/01/ Méthodes de prévision des valeurs nutritives des aliments pour le porc: contexte international

Energy 01/02/2013. Jean NOBLET INRA 30/01/ Méthodes de prévision des valeurs nutritives des aliments pour le porc: contexte international Méthodes de prévision des valeurs nutritives des aliments pour le porc: contexte international Jean Noblet INRA, Saint-Gilles, CR de Rennes, France Jean.Noblet@rennes.inra.fr 1 Introduction Cost of feed:

More information

Recent Developments in Net Energy Research for Pigs

Recent Developments in Net Energy Research for Pigs Recent Developments in Net Energy Research for Pigs Jean NOBLET INRA, UMR SENAH, Saint-Gilles, France Jean.Noblet@rennes.inra.fr Introduction (1) Cost of feed > 50-60% of cost of pig meat production Energy

More information

Choice and composition of ingredients

Choice and composition of ingredients Protein and energy values of feeds for pigs: french proposals Jean NOBLET, Bernard SEVE & Gilles TRAN INRA 35590 St Gilles (France) AFZ 75231 Paris (France) 1 2 2002;2004 2004 2004 Ingredients Choice and

More information

Energy value of pig feeds: Effect of pig body weight and energy evaluation system 1

Energy value of pig feeds: Effect of pig body weight and energy evaluation system 1 Energy value of pig feeds: Effect of pig body weight and energy evaluation system 1 J. Noblet 2 and J. van Milgen INRA-UMRVP, Domaine de la Prise, 35590 St. Gilles, France ABSTRACT: Ad libitum energy intake

More information

Prediction of digestibility of organic matter and energy in the growing pig from an in vitro method

Prediction of digestibility of organic matter and energy in the growing pig from an in vitro method Animal Feed Science and Technology 134 (2007) 211 222 Prediction of digestibility of organic matter and energy in the growing pig from an in vitro method Jean Noblet, Yolande Jaguelin-Peyraud INRA, UMR

More information

What do we know about feeding Peas, Lentils and Flax?

What do we know about feeding Peas, Lentils and Flax? What do we know about feeding Peas, Lentils and Flax? Pascal Leterme, PhD Prairie Swine Centre Inc. Composition of peas Sugars Minerals Oil % Dietary fibre 20% Starch 50% Protein 22% 1 Effect of environmental

More information

Digestibility to swine of energy and nutrients in field peas.

Digestibility to swine of energy and nutrients in field peas. Digestibility to swine of energy and nutrients in field peas. Hans H. Stein, PhD. Department of Animal Sciences University of Illinois, Urbana IL 61801 1 Summary Field peas (Pisum sativum L.) have a nutrient

More information

Feed Ingredient Options for Sheep Rations Siobhán Kavanagh, Specialist,Teagasc Kildalton, Piltown, Co. Kilkenny

Feed Ingredient Options for Sheep Rations Siobhán Kavanagh, Specialist,Teagasc Kildalton, Piltown, Co. Kilkenny Feed Ingredient Options for Sheep Rations Siobhán Kavanagh, Specialist,Teagasc Kildalton, Piltown, Co. Kilkenny Concentrate feeds are made up of different constituents. Each constituent provides the animal

More information

Prof Velmurugu Ravindran Massey University, New Zealand

Prof Velmurugu Ravindran Massey University, New Zealand Prof Velmurugu Ravindran Massey University, New Zealand Digestible amino acids in feedstuffs for poultry Sponsored by: Ileal Digestible Amino acids in Feedstuffs for Poultry V. Ravindran Massey University

More information

FACTORS AFFECTING MANURE EXCRETION BY DAIRY COWS 1

FACTORS AFFECTING MANURE EXCRETION BY DAIRY COWS 1 FACTORS AFFECTING MANURE EXCRETION BY DAIRY COWS 1 W. P. Weiss Department of Animal Sciences Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center The Ohio State University Manure in an inevitable byproduct

More information

Effects of Different Feed Mills and Conditioning Temperature of Pelleted Diets on Nursery Pig Performance and Feed Preference from 14 to 50 lb

Effects of Different Feed Mills and Conditioning Temperature of Pelleted Diets on Nursery Pig Performance and Feed Preference from 14 to 50 lb SWINE DAY 04 Effects of Different Feed Mills and Conditioning Temperature of Pelleted Diets on Nursery Pig Performance and Feed Preference from 4 to 50 lb J.A. De Jong, J.M. DeRouchey, M.D. Tokach, R.D.

More information

Section 2 Feed Management

Section 2 Feed Management Section 2 Approximately 70 percent of the nitrogen in the pig s diet is voided/excreted by the pig as feces and urine 8. This excess nitrogen can be released into the atmosphere as nitrous oxide or ammonia.

More information

Protein and Carbohydrate Utilization by Lactating Dairy Cows 1

Protein and Carbohydrate Utilization by Lactating Dairy Cows 1 Protein and Carbohydrate Utilization by Lactating Dairy Cows 1 Bill Weiss Department of Animal Sciences Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691 email:

More information

Introduction billion gallons of ethanol were produced in the U.S. during 2009.

Introduction billion gallons of ethanol were produced in the U.S. during 2009. Introduction 10.6 billion gallons of ethanol were produced in the U.S. during 2009. (Renewable Fuels Association) As corn-milling technologies increase efficiency, corn co-products continue to evolve.

More information

Evaluating by-products for inclusion in ruminant and monogastric diets

Evaluating by-products for inclusion in ruminant and monogastric diets Evaluating by-products for inclusion in ruminant and monogastric diets Tommy Boland (UCD), Mark McGee (Teagasc), J. O'Doherty (UCD), Aidan Moloney (Teagasc) Alan Kelly (UCD) and Karina Pierce (UCD) FEFAN

More information

August 22, 2017 M. D. Lindemann

August 22, 2017 M. D. Lindemann August 22, 2017 M. D. Lindemann University of Kentucky Phone: 859-257-7524 merlin.lindemann@uky.edu Arabinoxylans: A major NSP in wheat The main component of wheat cell wall (aleurone layer and pericarp)

More information

BUCHI NIR Applications Feed Industry

BUCHI NIR Applications Feed Industry BUCHI NIR Applications Feed Industry You need fast and reliable information about your samples in order to make far-reaching decisions. We support you in overcoming your daily challenges, from incoming

More information

COMPLETE FEEDS: ALL INGREDIENTS ARE NOT CREATED EQUAL!

COMPLETE FEEDS: ALL INGREDIENTS ARE NOT CREATED EQUAL! COMPLETE FEEDS: ALL INGREDIENTS ARE NOT CREATED EQUAL! When selecting or purchasing a feed, it is important to ask for the ingredient list from the manufacturer because, the guaranteed analysis on the

More information

Nutritive Value of Feeds

Nutritive Value of Feeds Nutritive Value of Feeds Chapter 12 A working knowledge of the nutrient composition of available feeds is an integral part of a successful beef cattle operation. * The rumen fermentation process allows

More information

Effects of Increasing Wheat Middlings and Net Energy Formulation on Nursery Pig Growth Performance

Effects of Increasing Wheat Middlings and Net Energy Formulation on Nursery Pig Growth Performance SWINE DAY 0 Effects of Increasing Wheat Middlings and Net Energy Formulation on Nursery Pig Growth Performance J. A. De Jong, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, S. S. Dritz, and J. L. Nelssen

More information

Energy utilization of reduced oil-dried distillers grains with solubles (RO-DDGS) in swine

Energy utilization of reduced oil-dried distillers grains with solubles (RO-DDGS) in swine Energy utilization of reduced oil-dried distillers grains with solubles (RO-DDGS) in swine Brian J. Kerr,* Thomas E. Weber,* and Michael E. Persia *USDA-ARS-NLAE, Ames, Iowa 011; and Iowa State University,

More information

Keeping Control of Feed Costs in an Uncertain Market

Keeping Control of Feed Costs in an Uncertain Market Keeping Control of Feed Costs in an Uncertain Market Presented To: Iowa Pork Producers Association Regional Meetings February, 2009 John F. Patience Iowa State University Ames, IA Outline What s new in

More information

Energy Value of Corn Milling Co-Products in Swine B. J. Kerr, USDA-ARS / P. V. Anderson, Iowa State University / G. C. Shurson, University of

Energy Value of Corn Milling Co-Products in Swine B. J. Kerr, USDA-ARS / P. V. Anderson, Iowa State University / G. C. Shurson, University of Energy Value of Corn Milling Co-Products in Swine B. J. Kerr, USDA-ARS / P. V. Anderson, Iowa State University / G. C. Shurson, University of Minnesota Corn Nutrient DDGS 57.1 Starch 7.2 7.2 Crude Protein

More information

Prospects of Palm Kernel Cake. use in Cattle Feed

Prospects of Palm Kernel Cake. use in Cattle Feed Prospects of Palm Kernel Cake use in Cattle Feed Dr. Tariq Mahmood D.V.M., M.Sc. Animal Nutrition M.S. Total Quality Management Diploma in Feed Technology and Formulation, NCSU, USA General Manager Operations

More information

100 Points NAME: KEY Lab section:

100 Points NAME: KEY Lab section: ANSC 324 Spring, 2007 EXAM 1 100 Points NAME: KEY Lab section: Instructions: Make sure that you take time to carefully read each question, and then answer the question appropriately. Answers to essay questions

More information

Evaluation of the potential connection between Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles and manure pit foaming in commercial pork production systems

Evaluation of the potential connection between Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles and manure pit foaming in commercial pork production systems = Evaluation of the potential connection between Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles and manure pit foaming in commercial pork production systems May 2015 By: Gerald Shurson, Department of Animal Science,

More information

Summary Report 3/2/05. Guowu Xu, Mark Whitney, and Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota

Summary Report 3/2/05. Guowu Xu, Mark Whitney, and Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota The Effects of Adding Distiller s Dried Grains with Solubles, with and without Phytase, to Swine Diets on Phosphorus Balance, and Phosphorus Levels and Chemical Forms of Phosphorus in Swine Manure. Introduction

More information

Feeding bio-emulsifiers to young and old pigs for superior performance

Feeding bio-emulsifiers to young and old pigs for superior performance Introduction Feeding bio-emulsifiers to young and old pigs for superior performance Chinnadurai Sugumar, L.V Bindhu and Hans Lee Kemin Animal Nutrition and Health, Asia Pacific Email: sugumar.c@kemin.com

More information

DDGS: An Evolving Commodity. Dr. Jerry Shurson University of Minnesota

DDGS: An Evolving Commodity. Dr. Jerry Shurson University of Minnesota DDGS: An Evolving Commodity Dr. Jerry Shurson University of Minnesota Animals Require Nutrients on a Daily Basis Feed Ingredients Supply Nutrients in Different Amounts and Forms Nutritionist s Job: Develop

More information

Effects of different feed mills and conditioning temperature of pelleted diets on nursery pig performance and feed preference from 14 to 50 lb

Effects of different feed mills and conditioning temperature of pelleted diets on nursery pig performance and feed preference from 14 to 50 lb Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports Volume 0 Issue 0 Swine Day (968-04) Article 05 04 Effects of different feed mills and conditioning temperature of pelleted diets on nursery pig performance

More information

G2355 Byproducts, Damaged Feeds, and Nontraditional Feed Sources fo...

G2355 Byproducts, Damaged Feeds, and Nontraditional Feed Sources fo... 1 of 7 4/29/2010 7:44 AM University of Missouri Extension G2355, Reviewed October 1993 Byproducts, Damaged Feeds and Nontraditional Feed Sources for Swine John C. Rea, Ronald O. Bates and Trygve L. Veum

More information

Rumination or cud chewing consists of regurgitation, remastication, reinsalvation, and reswallowing.

Rumination or cud chewing consists of regurgitation, remastication, reinsalvation, and reswallowing. Nutrition 115 Midterm Exam 2 February 25, 2000 Name Please be sure to put your name at the top of each page. Any page without a name in the appropriate place will not be graded. Read each question carefully,

More information

Background. GHG Gasses from Swine 7/20/2012. Nutritional Effects on Nutrient Excretion and Gas Emissions and the Carbon Footprint of Swine

Background. GHG Gasses from Swine 7/20/2012. Nutritional Effects on Nutrient Excretion and Gas Emissions and the Carbon Footprint of Swine Nutritional Effects on Nutrient Excretion and Gas Emissions and the Carbon Footprint of Swine Brian Richert Background Animals are the point source of manure production and gas emissions Feed management

More information

The Impact of Feeding Corn DDGS and Phytase on Manure Phosphorus Management in Pork Production

The Impact of Feeding Corn DDGS and Phytase on Manure Phosphorus Management in Pork Production The Impact of Feeding Corn DDGS and Phytase on Manure Phosphorus Management in Pork Production Dr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota Quantity of Manure Excreted Annually

More information

Dairy Update. Issue 110 July 1992 ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTUFFS FOR DAIRY. Vern Oraskovich Agriculture Extension Agent Carver County

Dairy Update. Issue 110 July 1992 ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTUFFS FOR DAIRY. Vern Oraskovich Agriculture Extension Agent Carver County e, r1innesota EXTENSION SERVICE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA ANIMAL SCIENCE EXTENSION Department of Animal Science 101 Haecker Hall 1364 Eckles Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (612) 624 4995 FAX: (612) 625

More information

What is ProPound Canola Meal?

What is ProPound Canola Meal? A New, Cost Effective Protein Replacement for Meal in Swine Diets What is Canola Meal? PROTEIN CONTENT ingredient pricing scenarios and in a variety of swine 1500 is less than that of soybean meal, resulting

More information

Determining the threonine requirement of the high-producing lactating sow. D.R. Cooper, J.F. Patience, R.T. Zijlstra and M.

Determining the threonine requirement of the high-producing lactating sow. D.R. Cooper, J.F. Patience, R.T. Zijlstra and M. 66 Determining the threonine requirement of the high-producing lactating sow D.R. Cooper, J.F. Patience, R.T. Zijlstra and M. Rademacher Introduction There are two steps in the design of a feeding strategy.

More information

was used when values for EE, ST, CP and ADF were known or could be reasonably estimated. When ADF was not available, equation NE 2

was used when values for EE, ST, CP and ADF were known or could be reasonably estimated. When ADF was not available, equation NE 2 National Swine Nutrition Guide Energy Sources for Swine Diets Introduction Author Scott D. Carter, Oklahoma State University Reviewers Tom Sauber, Pioneer Ruurd Zijlstra, University of Alberta Energy fuels

More information

Introduction. Carbohydrate Nutrition. Microbial CHO Metabolism. Microbial CHO Metabolism. CHO Fractions. Fiber CHO (FC)

Introduction. Carbohydrate Nutrition. Microbial CHO Metabolism. Microbial CHO Metabolism. CHO Fractions. Fiber CHO (FC) Introduction Carbohydrate Nutrition Largest component of dairy rations CHO comprise to 80% of ration DM Major source of energy for milk production One-third of milk solids is lactose 4.9 lbs. of lactose

More information

Lambs & Fieldpeas Sheep Day Report. Field Pea as a feedstuff for growing lambs. Introduction

Lambs & Fieldpeas Sheep Day Report. Field Pea as a feedstuff for growing lambs. Introduction Lambs & Fieldpeas- 1998 Sheep Day Report Field Pea as a feedstuff for growing lambs. W. W. Poland (1) and T. C. Faller (2) Introduction Grain producers are beginning to recognize the advantages of adding

More information

The Impact of the Ethanol Industry on Pork Production

The Impact of the Ethanol Industry on Pork Production The Ethanol Industry, Dried Distiller s Grains with Solubles (DDGS), and Their Impact on Pork Production Dr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota The Impact of the Ethanol

More information

Exercise 2 Feed Composition and Nutrient Requirements 20 Points

Exercise 2 Feed Composition and Nutrient Requirements 20 Points Exercise 2 Feed Composition and Nutrient Requirements 20 Points The objective of this laboratory exercise is to familiarize the student with the feed composition and nutrient requirement tables in the

More information

Supplementation of High Corn Silage Diets for Dairy Cows. R. D. Shaver Professor and Extension Dairy Nutritionist

Supplementation of High Corn Silage Diets for Dairy Cows. R. D. Shaver Professor and Extension Dairy Nutritionist INTRODUCTION Supplementation of High Corn Silage Diets for Dairy Cows R. D. Shaver Professor and Extension Dairy Nutritionist Department of Dairy Science College of Agricultural and Life Sciences University

More information

Amino Acid Digestibility and Energy Concentration of Fermented Soybean Meal and Camelina Meal for Swine 1

Amino Acid Digestibility and Energy Concentration of Fermented Soybean Meal and Camelina Meal for Swine 1 Amino Acid Digestibility and Energy Concentration of Fermented Soybean Meal and Camelina Meal for Swine A.B. Graham, J.M. DeRouchey, R.D. Goodband, M.D. Tokach, S.S. Dritz 2, and R.C. Thaler 3 Summary

More information

Benefits and Limitations of Using DDGS in Swine Diets

Benefits and Limitations of Using DDGS in Swine Diets North American DDGS Production Benefits and Limitations of Using DDGS in Swine Diets Dr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota Metric Tons 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 3,, 7,8, 3,, 3,5,

More information

DIET DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMEN TRAITS IN RESPONSE TO FEEDING WET CORN GLUTEN FEED AND A PELLET CONSISTING OF RAW SOYBEAN HULLS AND CORN STEEP LIQUOR

DIET DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMEN TRAITS IN RESPONSE TO FEEDING WET CORN GLUTEN FEED AND A PELLET CONSISTING OF RAW SOYBEAN HULLS AND CORN STEEP LIQUOR Dairy Day 2002 DIET DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMEN TRAITS IN RESPONSE TO FEEDING WET CORN GLUTEN FEED AND A PELLET CONSISTING OF RAW SOYBEAN HULLS AND CORN STEEP LIQUOR E. E. Ferdinand, J. E. Shirley, E. C. Titgemeyer,

More information

Production Costs. Learning Objectives. Essential Nutrients. The Marvels of Ruminant Digestion

Production Costs. Learning Objectives. Essential Nutrients. The Marvels of Ruminant Digestion Feeding for 2: Understanding How to Feed the Goat and her Rumen Robert Van Saun, DVM, MS, PhD Extension Veterinarian Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences The Marvels of Ruminant Digestion This

More information

Formulating feeds with a protease

Formulating feeds with a protease Formulating feeds with a protease Feed proteases Science into Practice Seminar Noordwijk 7-8 th May 2014 Adam Smith & Arne Korsbak Amino acid digestibility is not optimal! Ingredient* Lys SAA Thr Val Arg

More information

Comparison of Energy Utilisation and Nitrogen Digestibility of rapeseed meals in roosters, broilers and young turkeys.

Comparison of Energy Utilisation and Nitrogen Digestibility of rapeseed meals in roosters, broilers and young turkeys. Comparison of Energy Utilisation and Nitrogen Digestibility of rapeseed meals in roosters, broilers and young turkeys. Michel LESSIRE (1), Benoît VIGOUR (2), Alain QUINSAC (3), Jean Marc HALLOUIS (1),

More information

COOPERATIVE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS. Rumen Escape Protein of some Dairy Feedstuffs

COOPERATIVE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS. Rumen Escape Protein of some Dairy Feedstuffs UC CE COOPERATIVE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS Rumen Escape Protein of some Dairy Feedstuffs P.H. Robinson Cooperative Extension Specialist University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8521 Dairy

More information

Determination and prediction of digestible and metabolizable energy concentrations in. byproduct feed ingredients fed to growing pigs

Determination and prediction of digestible and metabolizable energy concentrations in. byproduct feed ingredients fed to growing pigs 1 1 2 3 Determination and prediction of digestible and metabolizable energy concentrations in byproduct feed ingredients fed to growing pigs 4 5 Ah Reum Son 1,2, Chan Sol Park 1, and Beob Gyun Kim 1,2,*

More information

How does nutrient intake affect methane emission from slurry in pigs?

How does nutrient intake affect methane emission from slurry in pigs? How does nutrient intake affect methane emission from slurry in pigs? W. Antezana 1, S. Calvet 1, P. Ferrer 1, P. García-Rebollar 2, C. de Blas 2 and A. Cerisuelo 3. 1 Universitat Politècnica de València,

More information

What is ProPound Canola Meal?

What is ProPound Canola Meal? A New Protein Replacement for Soybean Meal What is Canola Meal? Conventional Canola 0 PROTEIN CONTENT Soybean 0 6% 5 Some Key Features of Dow Canola Meal Soybean 10 20 Conventional Canola For turkey producers,

More information

Exp Research Report. Digestibility of energy and concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy in high

Exp Research Report. Digestibility of energy and concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy in high Exp. 582 Research Report Digestibility of energy and concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy in high protein and conventional DDGS fed to growing pigs. C. D. Espinosa and H. H. Stein University

More information

ENERGY UTILIZATION AND PARTITION OF NULLIPAROUS RABBIT DOES IN THE LAST THIRD OF PREGNANCY

ENERGY UTILIZATION AND PARTITION OF NULLIPAROUS RABBIT DOES IN THE LAST THIRD OF PREGNANCY ENERGY UTILIZATION AND PARTITION OF NULLIPAROUS RABBIT DOES IN THE LAST THIRD OF PREGNANCY TOSCHI I., CESARI V., RAPETTI L., BAVA L., GRILLI G., CASTROVILLI C. Istituto di Zootecnia Generale. Facoltà di

More information

CHAMPION TOC INDEX. Protein Requirements of Feedlot Cattle. E. K. Okine, G. W. Mathison and R. R. Corbett. Take Home Message

CHAMPION TOC INDEX. Protein Requirements of Feedlot Cattle. E. K. Okine, G. W. Mathison and R. R. Corbett. Take Home Message TOC INDEX CHAMPION Feed Services Ltd. Protein Requirements of Feedlot Cattle E. K. Okine, G. W. Mathison and R. R. Corbett Take Home Message The new Nutrient Requirements (NRC) of Beef Cattle published

More information

Feedstuff NE l content calculation 5 steps : STEP 1

Feedstuff NE l content calculation 5 steps : STEP 1 NRC energy evaluation system Eastridge, M.L. 2002. Energy in the New Dairy NRC. Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State t University, it pp. 7. NRC. 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. Seventh

More information

Feed ID Options /10/2016. DM% CP% TDN% Fat% Ca% P%

Feed ID Options /10/2016. DM% CP% TDN% Fat% Ca% P% Feed ID Options Ammonium Chloride Beet Pulp Shreds w/molasses Blood Meal Calcium Carbonate Calf Manna Corn Gluten Pellets Cottonseed Hull Pellets Cottonseed Hulls Cottonseed Meal Dehydrated Alfalfa Pellets

More information

COMPLETE LACTATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF COWS FED WET CORN GLUTEN FEED AND PELLET CONSISTING OF RAW SOYBEAN HULLS AND CORN STEEP LIQUOR

COMPLETE LACTATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF COWS FED WET CORN GLUTEN FEED AND PELLET CONSISTING OF RAW SOYBEAN HULLS AND CORN STEEP LIQUOR Dairy Day 2002 COMPLETE LACTATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF COWS FED WET CORN GLUTEN FEED AND PELLET CONSISTING OF RAW SOYBEAN HULLS AND CORN STEEP LIQUOR E. E. Ferdinand, J. E. Shirley, E. C. Titgemeyer, J. M.

More information

Effect of dietary NDF content on growth rate and efficiency of finisher pigs 06N083

Effect of dietary NDF content on growth rate and efficiency of finisher pigs 06N083 Effect of dietary NDF content on growth rate and efficiency of finisher pigs 06N083 A report on an internal research project conducted by QAF Meat Industries Pty Ltd Andrew Philpotts 01 August 2007 Report

More information

Industry. Feeding Swine. Energy. US Per Capita Meat Consumption. Gain (Tissue accretion) Maintenance ME

Industry. Feeding Swine. Energy. US Per Capita Meat Consumption. Gain (Tissue accretion) Maintenance ME Industry Feeding Swine Feed represents 65 to 75% of total costs 60 million hogs and pigs in US Smithfield Foods Worlds largest vertically integrated hog operation (60%) 700,000 sows 12 million market hogs

More information

Canola Meal and its Uses and Opportunities to Increase Value

Canola Meal and its Uses and Opportunities to Increase Value Canola Meal and its Uses and Opportunities to Increase Value USCA Canola End Uses Symposium November 2, 2010 Long Beach, California Dave Hickling Canola Council of Canada Canadian Canola Meal Usage 3000

More information

Overview of Completed DDGS Swine Research

Overview of Completed DDGS Swine Research University of Minnesota Research Update Land O Lakes Fall Regional Swine Training Albert Lea, MN October 2, 23 Overview of Completed Swine Research Nutritional value for swine Nutrient content and variability

More information

A Comparison of MIN-AD to MgO and Limestone in Peripartum Nutrition

A Comparison of MIN-AD to MgO and Limestone in Peripartum Nutrition A Comparison of MIN-AD to MgO and Limestone in Peripartum Nutrition D-9.0-03/17 Introduction Recent research has linked subclinical hypocalcemia, which impacts 11-25% of first lactation heifers and 42-60%

More information

Know Your Feed Terms. When you are talking nutrition and feeds with your

Know Your Feed Terms. When you are talking nutrition and feeds with your Revised July 2006 Agdex 400/60-2 Know Your Feed Terms When you are talking nutrition and feeds with your feed salesperson, livestock nutritionist, veterinarian or neighbour, it is important that you both

More information

Corn By-Product Diversity and Feeding Value to Non-Ruminants

Corn By-Product Diversity and Feeding Value to Non-Ruminants Corn By-Product Diversity and Feeding Value to Non-Ruminants Jerry Shurson 1, Sally Noll 1, and John Goihl 2 Dept. of Animal Science 1 and Agri-Nutrition Services 2 Corn Corn Wet-Milling Process Overview

More information

Using leftovers to reduce the environmental impact of animal production

Using leftovers to reduce the environmental impact of animal production Using leftovers to reduce the environmental impact of animal production Hannah van Zanten - Animal Production Systems Group H. Mollenhorst, P. Bikker, T. Vellinga, I.J.M. de Boer Introduction Livestock

More information

Nutrient Analysis of Sorghum Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles from Ethanol Plants Located in the Western Plains Region 1

Nutrient Analysis of Sorghum Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles from Ethanol Plants Located in the Western Plains Region 1 Nutrient Analysis of Sorghum Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles from Ethanol Plants Located in the Western Plains Region K. M. Sotak, R. D. Goodband, M. D. Tokach, J. M. DeRouchey, S. S. Dritz, and

More information

LYSOFORTE EFFICACY ON BROILER PERFORMANCE USING MAIZE SOYA DIETS. METABOLIC AND DOSE RESPONSE TRIAL

LYSOFORTE EFFICACY ON BROILER PERFORMANCE USING MAIZE SOYA DIETS. METABOLIC AND DOSE RESPONSE TRIAL Kemin Europa N.V. Toekomstlaan 42B 2200 Herentals, Belgium Tel: +32.14.28.62.00 Fax: +32.14.22.41.76 www.kemin.com LYSOFORTE EFFICACY ON BROILER PERFORMANCE USING MAIZE SOYA DIETS. METABOLIC AND DOSE RESPONSE

More information

Animal fats. High quality fats for high quality feeds

Animal fats. High quality fats for high quality feeds Animal fats High quality fats for high quality feeds This leaflet is meant to review the nutritional benefits and update the knowledge on using animal fats for animal feeds. The changed legislation raised

More information

Feed. The major cost of animal production

Feed. The major cost of animal production Feed The major cost of animal production Feeding cost = 60-70% in commercial livestock production Need to optimize feeding cost to sustain profitability Import bill for food = RM10 billion/year Import

More information

Key Words: Enzyme, Metabolizable Energy, Pigs

Key Words: Enzyme, Metabolizable Energy, Pigs 2000 Animal Science Research Report Effects of Hemicell Addition to Corn-Soybean Meal Diets on Energy and Nitrogen Balance in Growing Pigs Pages 117-122 L.A. Pettey, S.D. Carter and B.W. Senne Story in

More information

Can Canola meal replace Soybean meal?

Can Canola meal replace Soybean meal? Can Canola meal replace Soybean meal? A.C. Edwards ACE Livestock Consulting Pty Ltd PO Box 108 Cockatoo Valley SA Australia 5351 Characterisation of the Australian Livestock Feeding Industry Utilizes a

More information

A. Farhat, L. Normand, E.R. Chavez, S.P. Touchburn, P.C. Laguë

A. Farhat, L. Normand, E.R. Chavez, S.P. Touchburn, P.C. Laguë Energy and Digestibility Values of Food Wastes A. Farhat, L. Normand, E.R. Chavez, S.P. Touchburn, P.C. Laguë Introduction There are many important reasons for the determination of the metabolizable energy

More information

Increasing levels of rapeseed meal in diets for growing pigs

Increasing levels of rapeseed meal in diets for growing pigs Increasing levels of rapeseed meal in diets for growing pigs Effects on protein and energy metabolism Anne-Helene Tauson, Production, Nutrition and Health aht@sund.ku.dk 26/01/2018 2 Acknowledgements This

More information

Feeding DDGS to Livestock and Poultry. Dr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota

Feeding DDGS to Livestock and Poultry. Dr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota Feeding DDGS to Livestock and Poultry Dr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota North American DDGS Production 35000000 30,000,000 30000000 25000000 Metric Tons 20000000 15000000

More information

Effective Practices In Sheep Production Series

Effective Practices In Sheep Production Series Effective Practices In Sheep Production Series Understanding Feed Test Analysis Terms The key to accurate feed tests is correct sampling of your forages and grains. Equally important, is understanding

More information

Exercise 6 Ration Formulation II Balance for Three or More Nutrients 20 Points

Exercise 6 Ration Formulation II Balance for Three or More Nutrients 20 Points Exercise 6 Ration Formulation II Balance for Three or More Nutrients 20 Points This lab exercise progresses from balancing for two nutrients, as in Exercise 5, to balancing for three or more nutrients.

More information

What We ve Learned About Feeding Reduced-Oil DDGS to Pigs

What We ve Learned About Feeding Reduced-Oil DDGS to Pigs What We ve Learned About Feeding Reduced-Oil DDGS to Pigs Dr. Jerry Shurson 1 and Dr. Brian Kerr 2 University of Minnesota, St. Paul 1 and USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 2 Ultimate Question Does oil extraction from

More information

Fundamentals of Ration Balancing for Beef Cattle Part II: Nutrient Terminology

Fundamentals of Ration Balancing for Beef Cattle Part II: Nutrient Terminology Fundamentals of Ration Balancing for Beef Cattle Part II: Nutrient Terminology Randy Wiedmeier, Regional Livestock Specialist, South-Central Area What information and skills are required to balance diet

More information

Evaluation of Raw Materials for Poultry: What s up?

Evaluation of Raw Materials for Poultry: What s up? Evaluation of Raw Materials for Poultry: What s up? JAN DIRK VAN DER KLIS* and JAN FLEDDERUS Schothorst Feed Research BV, Meerkoetenweg 26, 8218 NA Lelystad, The Netherlands * Corresponding author: jdvdklis@schothorst.nl

More information

Amino acid digestibility and energy concentration of fermented soybean meal and camelina meal for swine

Amino acid digestibility and energy concentration of fermented soybean meal and camelina meal for swine Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports Volume 0 Issue 10 Swine Day (1968-2014) Article 1195 2013 Amino acid digestibility and energy concentration of fermented soybean meal and camelina

More information

Animal Nutrition Teacher s Outline

Animal Nutrition Teacher s Outline Animal Nutrition Teacher s Outline Functions of Feed 1) Maintenance maintaining the constant state of the body breathing, heartbeat, body temp, digestion, etc. A. Basal Maintenance requirement amount of

More information

Effects of adding distiller s dried grains with solubles to gestation and lactation diets on reproductive performance and nutrient balance in sows

Effects of adding distiller s dried grains with solubles to gestation and lactation diets on reproductive performance and nutrient balance in sows Effects of adding distiller s dried grains with solubles to gestation and lactation diets on reproductive performance and nutrient balance in sows J.A. Wilson 1, M.H. Whitney 1, G.C. Shurson 1, S.K. Baidoo

More information

EquuSSource Webinar. Welcome to the EquuSSource Webinar. We will be starting shortly.

EquuSSource Webinar. Welcome to the EquuSSource Webinar. We will be starting shortly. EquuSSource Webinar Welcome to the EquuSSource Webinar We will be starting shortly. To hear audio, please turn on your computer speakers or connect to the conference number: (484) 589-1010 Code: 672935340

More information

Protein Deposition in Growing and Finishing Pigs

Protein Deposition in Growing and Finishing Pigs 1 Protein Deposition in Growing and Finishing Pigs DETERMINING WHOLE BODY PROTEIN DEPOSITION RATES IN PIGS. Mark L. Lorschy, Doug A. Gillis, John F. Patience and Kees de Lange. Summary There is controversy

More information

Randomness Rules: Living with Variation in the Nutrient Composition of Concentrate Feeds 1

Randomness Rules: Living with Variation in the Nutrient Composition of Concentrate Feeds 1 Randomness Rules: Living with Variation in the Nutrient Composition of Concentrate Feeds 1 William P. Weiss Department of Animal Sciences Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center The Ohio State

More information

Using the 2001 Dairy NRC to Optimize the Use of Dietary Protein for Milk Protein Production

Using the 2001 Dairy NRC to Optimize the Use of Dietary Protein for Milk Protein Production Using the 2001 Dairy NRC to Optimize the Use of Dietary Protein for Milk Protein Production Charles G. Schwab Department of Animal and Nutritional Sciences University of New Hampshire Durham, NH Introduction

More information

Valorisation of agri/food wastes as animal feed. Phil Garnsworthy Professor of Dairy Science School of Biosciences

Valorisation of agri/food wastes as animal feed. Phil Garnsworthy Professor of Dairy Science School of Biosciences Valorisation of agri/food wastes as animal feed Phil Garnsworthy Professor of Dairy Science School of Biosciences The Big Issues with Livestock Global demand for animal products is increasing People want

More information

Randomness Rules: Living with Variation in the Nutrient Composition of Concentrate Feeds

Randomness Rules: Living with Variation in the Nutrient Composition of Concentrate Feeds Randomness Rules: Living with Variation in the Nutrient Composition of Concentrate Feeds William P. Weiss 1 Department of Animal Sciences Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center The Ohio State

More information

Saturday, March 24, 12

Saturday, March 24, 12 The Role of Lignocellulose in Animal Nutrition A Low Inclusion level Fibre for Modern Animal Nutrition AN INNOVATIVE PRODUCT LINE 1st Generation FIBRECELL Non Fermentable Lignocellulose OPTICELL 2nd Generation

More information

Feeding Value of DDGS for Swine, Dairy, and Beef. Dr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota

Feeding Value of DDGS for Swine, Dairy, and Beef. Dr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota Feeding Value of DDGS for Swine, Dairy, and Beef Dr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota What is DDGS? By-product of the dry-milling ethanol industry Nutrient composition

More information

The Key to What Sells Distiller s Grains. Dr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota

The Key to What Sells Distiller s Grains. Dr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota The Key to What Sells Distiller s Grains Dr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota The Key is: Understanding the value and limitations of DDGS in livestock and poultry feeds

More information

Energy and Nitrogen Balance of Pigs Fed Four Corn Grains

Energy and Nitrogen Balance of Pigs Fed Four Corn Grains Energy and Nitrogen Balance of Pigs Fed Four Corn Grains R.W. Fent, S.D. Carter, M.J. Rincker, and J.S. Park Story in Brief Because corn is the primary energy source in diets for pigs, any variability

More information

Use of Deoiled DDGS in Poultry. S. L. Noll, Ph.D. Professor and Poultry Extension Specialist

Use of Deoiled DDGS in Poultry. S. L. Noll, Ph.D. Professor and Poultry Extension Specialist Use of Deoiled DDGS in Poultry S. L. Noll, Ph.D. Professor and Poultry Extension Specialist Corn DDGs in poultry diets Initially lack of information on cddgs restricted dietary use Use increased as information

More information

An Update on Current Amino Acid Requirements and Energy for Swine K STATE. RESEARCH and EXTENSION. KSUswine.org

An Update on Current Amino Acid Requirements and Energy for Swine K STATE. RESEARCH and EXTENSION. KSUswine.org An Update on Current Amino Acid Requirements and Energy for Swine K STATE RESEARCH and EXTENSION KSUswine.org How do you value synthetic amino acids? When using synthetics amino acids to replace intact

More information

The positive response S T RAIGHT S QUALITY STRAIGHTS AND CO-PRODUCT FEEDS

The positive response S T RAIGHT S QUALITY STRAIGHTS AND CO-PRODUCT FEEDS The positive response S T RAIGHT S QUALITY STRAIGHTS AND CO-PRODUCT FEEDS Tel: 01509 501801 www.glw-feeds.co.uk Welcome to STRAIGHTS Founded in 1873, GLW Feeds are one of the UK s largest independent,

More information

Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle 1

Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle 1 DS38 Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle 1 Barney Harris, Jr. 2 Proper feeding and good balanced rations remain the cornerstone of a successful dairy operation. Milk yield per cow and the cost of feed

More information

Nonstructural and Structural Carbohydrates in Dairy Cattle Rations 1

Nonstructural and Structural Carbohydrates in Dairy Cattle Rations 1 CIR1122 Nonstructural and Structural Carbohydrates in Dairy Cattle Rations 1 Barney Harris, Jr. 2 Carbohydrates are the largest component in the dairy ration and contribute 60 to 70% of the net energy

More information