Human Hair a Polypeptides

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Human Hair a Polypeptides"

Transcription

1 Am J Hum Genet 27: , 1975 A Genetic Electrophoretic Variant of Human Hair a Polypeptides H. P. BADEN,1 L. D. LEE, AND J. KUBILUS INTRODUCTION Electrophoretic variants have been described for a number of structural proteins and enzymes, and the most common explanation is a mutation of a structural gene resulting in an amino acid substitution [1-3]. It has been suggested that many more examples of protein variants exist which have not been detected because they involve substitutions which do not result in a change in charge of the molecule. The fibrous proteins of different keratinizing tissues within a given species have been shown to vary in electrophoretic behavior and amino acid composition [4], but no variant of a fibrous protein has been demonstrated. Since an abnormally functioning variant protein has been demonstrated in a number of inherited diseases [5], it is of interest to look for such a change in epidermal tissue, where structural protein alterations have not been clearly defined as the basis for the many disorders of keratinization. This report describes a variant pattern for the a1 polypeptides of human hair. Furthermore, demonstration of the same variant polypeptide in human nail plate suggests that both tissues have at least some identical structural genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the chemicals used were of reagent grade except iodoacetic acid which was crystallized from anhydrous ether and light petroleum. Hair and nail clippings were obtained from individuals attending the dermatologic clinic and from departmental employees. Family members were examined and specimens obtained when permitted. The hair and nails were washed with light petroleum, dried under vacuum, and stored at -200C until used. Extraction Procedure The specimens were extracted in 20 vol of 0.2 M Tris (ph 9.5) containing 6 M urea and 0.2 M mercaptoethanol under nitrogen at 500C for 1 hr. The mixture was homogenized in a ground glass homogenizer and the extraction continued for 2 hr. The suspension was centrifuged at 20,000 g for 30 min and the supernatant treated with iodoacetic acid to give the S-carboxymethyl derivative [6]. We have demonstrated that these conditions give complete reduction and blockage of half-cystine residues. The alkylated extracts were dialyzed against distilled water, lyophilized, and stored at -20 C. In some cases the Received October 25, 1974; revised November 18, This work was supported by grant no. AM from the National Institutes of Health. 1All authors: Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Massachusetts General O 1975 by the American Society of Human Genetics. All rights reserved. 472

2 HUMAN HAIR a POLYPEPTIDE VARIANT alkylated extracts were dialyzed against 0.1 M acetate buffer, ph 4.5, containing 0.5 M potassium chloride. The suspension was clarified by centrifugation and the supernatant dialyzed against distilled water, lyophilized, and stored at -20'C. The precipitate was redissolved in 0.05 M Tris buffer, ph 8.0, and reprecipitated at ph 4.5. After centrifugation, the precipitate was washed with distilled water, lyophilized, and stored at -200C. Analyses The sonic modulus of elasticity was determined by a dynamic modulus tester as previously described at 50% relative humidity and 250C [7]. X-ray diffraction analysis was done using nickle-filtered copper Ka radiation (X = 1.54 A) at 40 kv at a specimen-to-film distance of 1.50 cm. Regenerated filaments for X-ray diffraction analysis were prepared by dissolving the protein in 80% formic acid, picking up the solution on the tip of forceps, and stretching while drying at room temperature. Samples for amino acid analysis were hydrolyzed in 6 M HCl for 24 hr under vacuum at 1100C and run in duplicate on a Beckman 116 amino acid analyzer. Disc electrophoresis was done at ph 8.3, using a 7% acrylamide gel with 6 M urea [8]. The stained gels were scanned with a Canalco microdensitometer. 473 RESULTS The disc electrophoretic pattern of normal hair is shown in figure 1. Component M can be separated from the others by its solubility at ph 4.5; it is the nonhelical F: A M3... FIG. 1.-Disc polyacrylamide electrophoretic patterns of normal (HN) and variant (HV) hair. M is the matrix component and A1-A4 the a polypeptides. half-cystine-rich matrix protein. Regenerated filaments from components A1-A4 show 5.14 A meridional and 9.8 A equatorial reflections by X-ray diffraction analysis and are the polypeptide components of the filamentous a protein. The disc electrophoretic pattern of solubilized S-carboxymethyl hair proteins from an individual with the variant shows that bands A1 and A2 are of equal intensity, while in normal hair band A1 is about one-tenth the intensity of A2. Microdensitometer tracings of electrophoretic patterns of normal and variant hair, when corrected for the total amount of a polypeptides on the gels, show that the amount of A1 and A2 in the variant pattern approximately equals that of A2 in the normal pattern. When the solubilized hair proteins were alkylated with iodoacetamide, the a polypeptides showed the same electrophoretic pattern. The yield of solubilized protein

3 474 BADEN ET AL. from both normal and variant hair using the techniques described is 60%o-70%o. Furthermore, altering the yield by changing the ph or time of heating had no effect on the electrophoretic patterns. The physical characteristics of hair from individuals with the variant show the same variability as that observed in the unaffected population. Color varied from blond to dark brown, shape from straight to very curly, and diameter from 80 nm to 120 nm. Furthermore, no consistent differences were noted between individuals with the variant and their normal siblings. The variant pattern was observed in axillary, pubic, and body hair as well as scalp hair. The variant has been observed in five of 96 individuals, and all of these were Caucasians with European ancestors. However, only six non-caucasians were in the series. Family studies indicate that the variant trait is inherited in an autosomal fashion (fig. 2). I m 0 FIG. 2.-Inheritance of the variant pattern in four families. Closed symbol = variant pattern; d = deceased. The X-ray diffraction analysis of hair with the variant polypeptide pattern showed a normal a pattern with 5.14 A meridional and 9.8 A equatorial reflections. The sonic modulus for variant hair was dyn/cm2 X 1010 (N ± 0.6 X 1010). Amino acid analyses of variant hair specimens are shown in table 1; no consistent differences were observed from normal hair. The electrophoretic pattern of solubilized S-carboxymethyl normal nail protein is shown in figure 3. This pattern differs from that of normal hair in that components

4 HUMAN HAIR a POLYPEPTIDE VARIANT TABLE 1 AMINO Acm ANALYSIS OF NORMAL AND VARIANT HAIR 475 Amino Acid Normal Variant Lysine ± 0.4 Histidine ± ± 0.2 Arginine ± 0.4 Aspartic acid ± Threonine ± ± 0.2 Serine ± Glutamic acid ± ± 0.6 Proline ± Glycine ± Alanine ± ± 0.3 Valine Methionine ± ± 0.1 Isoleucine ± ± 0.2 Leucine ± ± 0.2 Tyrosine ±0.3 Phenylalanine ± ± 0.3 Half-cystine ± ± 1.4 NOTE.-Residues per 100 residues. A1 and A2 are present in different ratios. This was confirmed in 20 individuals. The electrophoretic pattern of S-carboxymethyl nail proteins of individuals with the variant hair pattern showed an increase of component A1 relative to A2, which is shown in figure 4. This difference was observed in all individuals with the variant hair pattern. The ratio of A1 to A2 in the normal and the variant is 0.65 ± 0.05 and , respectively, as determined by integrating the areas under the curves. DISCUSSION These studies reveal a variant pattern for the a polypeptides of human hair. The most likely explanation for the observed variant pattern is that the A1 represents an altered A2 superimposed on a normal A1. Thus the variant A1 would be a poly-.a.m. -.-: :L::,.:.:...:....,.. FIG. 3.-Disc polyacrylamide electrophoretic patterns of normal hair (H) and nail (N)

5 476 BADEN ET AL NORMAL VAR/ANT FIG. 4.-Microdensitometer tracings of electrophoretic patterns of normal and variant nails. Only a polypeptides are shown. morphism of normal A2 which had the same mobility as the normal A1. An alternative explanation involves a mutation of a rate-determining gene. It is possible that we are observing a genetically determined decrease in A2 (and an accompanying increase in A1) or vice versa. In view of the constancy and equality of the amount of A1 and A2 in the variant hair, this explanation seems less likely. The equality of A1 and A2 in the variant hair further suggests that normal A2 consists primarily of one polypeptide. It had been suggested that the a polypeptides are heterogeneous, representing multiple components [9]. If this were the case, a mutation in the gene controlling one component would not give the results we have observed. The possibility that there are some minor components, however, cannot be excluded. The presence of the variant does not appear to have an effect on the morphological characteristics of the hair or its physicochemical properties. Considering the multiple polypeptides of hair, it is not surprising that a change in amino acid composition could not be detected. Furthermore, this similarity in amino acid composition is consistent with an amino acid substitution. The incidence of the variant allele in the Caucasian population is about 5%, and the families with the variant had their origins in various parts of the European continent. This means that we are not observing a rare variant which has occurred with an increased incidence in this population as a result of founder effect. The altered electrophoretic pattern of the S-carboxymethyl nail protein in individuals with the variant hair indicates that the same structural gene controls the synthesis of component A2 in hair and nail. However, it is not possible to determine from these data whether component A1 is the same in nail and hair, since similarity in electrophoretic mobility does not mean identity in composition. The amount of component A2 is greater and that of A1 smaller in normal nail relative to normal hair. This suggests that even if the polypeptide components of the a protein of hair and nail are the same, the rates of synthesis are different. The difference in composition, if any, between the az polypeptides of normal and variant hair remains to be demonstrated. That this does not involve a change in

6 HUMAN HAIR a POLYPEPTIDE VARIANT 477 cystine content is supported by the identity of the electrophoretic pattern of the a protein treated with iodoacetamide and that treated with iodoacetic acid. It will be of interest to examine the hair from individuals with genetic disorders of keratinization to see if variations in the electrophoretic pattern can be observed. SUMMARY The structural proteins of hair were solubilized by reduction of disulfide bonds in 6 M urea at alkaline ph. Following conversion of the proteins to the S-carboxymethyl derivatives, disc electrophoresis was done in 6 M urea at ph 8.3. In about 5%o of the individuals studied, a variation in the normal electrophoretic pattern was observed, and this was true of hair from different body sites. An autosomal dominant mode of inheritance was found in the four families investigated. The variant pattern was not associated with any detectable change in the color, shape, stress-strain characteristics, X-ray diffraction pattern, or amino acid composition of the hair. A similar variant pattern was also observed in nail. The most likely hypothesis is that there is a polymorphism of one of the a polypeptides, although a mutation of a rate-determining gene cannot be excluded. ACKNOWLEDGMENT We acknowledge the advice of Dr. Harry Harris who was the inspiration for this project. REFERENCES 1. MARKERT CL, MALLER F: Multiple forms of enzymes: tissue ontogenetic and species specific patterns. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 45: , MARKS PA, BANKS J, GROSS RT: Genetic heterogeneity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Nature (Lond) 194: , HARRIS H: The principles of human biochemical genetics, in Enzyme and Protein Diversity, vol 8, edited by HARRIS H, Amsterdam, North Holland Publishing Co., 1970, pp BADEN HP, GOLDSMITH LA, FLEMING B: A comparative study of the physicochemical properties of human keratinized tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta 322 : , INGRAM VM: Gene mutations in human hemoglobin: the chemical difference between normal and sickle cell hemoglobin. Nature (Lond) 180: , HIRS CWH: Reduction and S-carboxymethylation of proteins. Methods Enzymol 11: , GOLDSMITH LA, BADEN HP: The mechanical properties of hair. I. The dynamic sonic modulus. J Invest Dermatol 55: , DAVIS BJ: Disc electrophoresis. II. Method and application to human serum proteins. Ann NY Acad Sci 121: , JOUBERT FJ, DE JAGER PJ, SWART LS: In Symposium on Fibrous Proteins, Australia, 1967, edited by CREWTHER WG, Sydney, Aust., Butterworths, 1968, pp

Mutations and Disease Mutations in the Myosin Gene

Mutations and Disease Mutations in the Myosin Gene Biological Sciences Initiative HHMI Mutations and Disease Mutations in the Myosin Gene Goals Explore how mutations can lead to disease using the myosin gene as a model system. Explore how changes in the

More information

Ethanol Extraction of Basic Proteins from Ejaculated Human Spermatozoa

Ethanol Extraction of Basic Proteins from Ejaculated Human Spermatozoa Aust. J. BioI. Sci., 1979,32,443-9 Ethanol Extraction of Basic Proteins from Ejaculated Human Spermatozoa Peter French Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Sydney, N.S.W. 2006. Abstract

More information

Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry CHEM 109 For Students of Health Colleges

Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry CHEM 109 For Students of Health Colleges Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry CHEM 109 For Students of Health Colleges Credit hrs.: (2+1) King Saud University College of Science, Chemistry Department CHEM 109 CHAPTER 9. AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND

More information

Age-related reference ranges

Age-related reference ranges Authoriser: Peter Beresford Page 1 of 6 Age-related reference ranges Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) IU/L Both less than 14 days 90 273 Both 14 days

More information

Human Biochemistry Option B

Human Biochemistry Option B Human Biochemistry Option B A look ahead... Your body has many functions to perform every day: Structural support, genetic information, communication, energy supply, metabolism Right now, thousands of

More information

LAB#23: Biochemical Evidence of Evolution Name: Period Date :

LAB#23: Biochemical Evidence of Evolution Name: Period Date : LAB#23: Biochemical Evidence of Name: Period Date : Laboratory Experience #23 Bridge Worth 80 Lab Minutes If two organisms have similar portions of DNA (genes), these organisms will probably make similar

More information

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Concept 5.4: Proteins have many structures, resulting in a wide range of functions Proteins account for more than 50% of the dry mass of most cells Protein functions include structural support, storage,

More information

Methionine (Met or M)

Methionine (Met or M) Fig. 5-17 Nonpolar Fig. 5-17a Nonpolar Glycine (Gly or G) Alanine (Ala or A) Valine (Val or V) Leucine (Leu or L) Isoleucine (Ile or I) Methionine (Met or M) Phenylalanine (Phe or F) Polar Trypotphan (Trp

More information

AP Bio. Protiens Chapter 5 1

AP Bio. Protiens Chapter 5 1 Concept.4: Proteins have many structures, resulting in a wide range of functions Proteins account for more than 0% of the dry mass of most cells Protein functions include structural support, storage, transport,

More information

PHAR3316 Pharmacy biochemistry Exam #2 Fall 2010 KEY

PHAR3316 Pharmacy biochemistry Exam #2 Fall 2010 KEY 1. How many protons is(are) lost when the amino acid Asparagine is titrated from its fully protonated state to a fully deprotonated state? A. 0 B. 1 * C. 2 D. 3 E. none Correct Answer: C (this question

More information

So where were we? But what does the order mean? OK, so what's a protein? 4/1/11

So where were we? But what does the order mean? OK, so what's a protein? 4/1/11 So where were we? We know that DNA is responsible for heredity Chromosomes are long pieces of DNA DNA turned out to be the transforming principle We know that DNA is shaped like a long double helix, with

More information

Protein Folding LARP

Protein Folding LARP Protein Folding LARP Version: 1.0 Release: April 2018 Amplyus 2018 minipcr TM Protein Folding LARP (Live Action Role Play) Summary Materials In this activity, students will role play to make a folded protein

More information

PROTEIN. By: Shamsul Azahari Zainal Badari Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies Faculty of Human Ecology UPM

PROTEIN. By: Shamsul Azahari Zainal Badari Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies Faculty of Human Ecology UPM PROTEIN By: Shamsul Azahari Zainal Badari Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies Faculty of Human Ecology UPM OBJECTIVES OF THE LECTURE By the end of this lecture, student can: Define

More information

Trypsin Digestion Mix

Trypsin Digestion Mix G-Biosciences 1-800-628-7730 1-314-991-6034 technical@gbiosciences.com A Geno Technology, Inc. (USA) brand name 239PR Trypsin Digestion Mix Provides optimal buffered conditions for in gel trypsin digestion

More information

Controlled biomimetic crystallization of ZIF-8 particles by amino acids

Controlled biomimetic crystallization of ZIF-8 particles by amino acids Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for CrystEngComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Supporting information for Controlled biomimetic crystallization of ZIF-8 particles by amino

More information

The Effect of Reducing Agents

The Effect of Reducing Agents I. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 22, 571-578 (August 18, 1971) on The Effect of Reducing Agents Fingernail Keratin NANCY F. WOLEJSZA, B.A.,* STANLEY G. ELFBAUM, Ph.D.,* and MARIA A. WOLFRAM, Ph.D.* Synopsis--The

More information

Amino acids. Ing. Petrová Jaroslava. Workshop on Official Controls of Feed AGR 46230, , Ankara. Turkey ÚKZÚZ - NRL RO Praha 1

Amino acids. Ing. Petrová Jaroslava. Workshop on Official Controls of Feed AGR 46230, , Ankara. Turkey ÚKZÚZ - NRL RO Praha 1 Amino acids Ing. Petrová Jaroslava Workshop on Official Controls of Feed AGR 46230, 6. 7. 12. 2011, Ankara. Turkey 6.12.2011 ÚKZÚZ - NRL RO Praha 1 Content of this presentation 1. Function of amino acids

More information

I) Choose the best answer: 1- All of the following amino acids are neutral except: a) glycine. b) threonine. c) lysine. d) proline. e) leucine.

I) Choose the best answer: 1- All of the following amino acids are neutral except: a) glycine. b) threonine. c) lysine. d) proline. e) leucine. 1- All of the following amino acids are neutral except: a) glycine. b) threonine. c) lysine. d) proline. e) leucine. 2- The egg white protein, ovalbumin, is denatured in a hard-boiled egg. Which of the

More information

Amino Acid Composition of Polypeptides from Influenza Virus Particles

Amino Acid Composition of Polypeptides from Influenza Virus Particles J. gen. Virol. 0972), x7, 61-67 Printed in Great Britain 6x Amino Acid Composition of Polypeptides from Influenza Virus Particles By W. G. LAVER AND NICOLA BAKER Department of Microbiology, The John Curtin

More information

Multiple-Choice Questions Answer ALL 20 multiple-choice questions on the Scantron Card in PENCIL

Multiple-Choice Questions Answer ALL 20 multiple-choice questions on the Scantron Card in PENCIL Multiple-Choice Questions Answer ALL 20 multiple-choice questions on the Scantron Card in PENCIL For Questions 1-10 choose ONE INCORRECT answer. 1. Which ONE of the following statements concerning the

More information

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Part 4: Proteins Chapter 5

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Part 4: Proteins Chapter 5 Key Concepts: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Part 4: Proteins Chapter 5 Proteins include a diversity of structures, resulting in a wide range of functions Proteins Enzymatic s

More information

READ THIS FIRST. Your Name

READ THIS FIRST. Your Name Introduction to Biochemistry Final Examination - Individual (Part I) Monday, 24 May 2010 7:00 8:45 PM H. B. White Instructor 120 Points Your Name "Ability is what you're capable of doing. Motivation determines

More information

Macromolecules of Life -3 Amino Acids & Proteins

Macromolecules of Life -3 Amino Acids & Proteins Macromolecules of Life -3 Amino Acids & Proteins Shu-Ping Lin, Ph.D. Institute of Biomedical Engineering E-mail: splin@dragon.nchu.edu.tw Website: http://web.nchu.edu.tw/pweb/users/splin/ Amino Acids Proteins

More information

Lecture 3: 8/24. CHAPTER 3 Amino Acids

Lecture 3: 8/24. CHAPTER 3 Amino Acids Lecture 3: 8/24 CHAPTER 3 Amino Acids 1 Chapter 3 Outline 2 Amino Acid Are Biomolecules and their Atoms Can Be Visualized by Two Different Ways 1) Fischer projections: Two dimensional representation of

More information

Amino Acid Analyzer AAA400

Amino Acid Analyzer AAA400 Amino Acid Analyzer AAA400 Determination of amino acid of hydrolyzates (food and feed) Column: LG ANB OSTION 3.6x340 12μm Eluents: sodium-citrate buffers, 0.2 M NaOH Aspartic Acid, Threonine, Serine, Glutamic

More information

ssniff Complete feeds for rabbits and guinea pigs *

ssniff Complete feeds for rabbits and guinea pigs * ssniff Complete feeds for rabbits and guinea pigs * Complete diets for all development and life stages Comparable to other animal species also for the breeding and rearing of guinea pigs and rabbits higher

More information

Cultivation of Yeast Cells and Induction of Autophagy Hayashi Yamamoto, Hitoshi Nakatogawa

Cultivation of Yeast Cells and Induction of Autophagy Hayashi Yamamoto, Hitoshi Nakatogawa Cultivation of Yeast Cells and Induction of Autophagy Hayashi Yamamoto, Hitoshi Nakatogawa METHOD Preculture 1. Inoculate yeast cells (from a single colony) into 2 ml of liquid medium (YPD, SD/CA, or SD/DO

More information

1. Describe the relationship of dietary protein and the health of major body systems.

1. Describe the relationship of dietary protein and the health of major body systems. Food Explorations Lab I: The Building Blocks STUDENT LAB INVESTIGATIONS Name: Lab Overview In this investigation, you will be constructing animal and plant proteins using beads to represent the amino acids.

More information

Midterm 1 Last, First

Midterm 1 Last, First Midterm 1 BIS 105 Prof. T. Murphy April 23, 2014 There should be 6 pages in this exam. Exam instructions (1) Please write your name on the top of every page of the exam (2) Show all work for full credit

More information

EFFECT OF SOME AMINO ACIDS ON THE GROWTH AND L-GLUTAMIC ACID FERMENTATION BY AN AUXOTROPHIC MUTANT Micrococcus glutamicus AB 100.

EFFECT OF SOME AMINO ACIDS ON THE GROWTH AND L-GLUTAMIC ACID FERMENTATION BY AN AUXOTROPHIC MUTANT Micrococcus glutamicus AB 100. S. Ganguly et. al. / International Journal on Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research (IJPBR) Vol. 2(1), 2011, 21-25 EFFECT OF SOME AMINO ACIDS ON THE GROWTH AND L-GLUTAMIC ACID FERMENTATION BY AN AUXOTROPHIC

More information

Analysis of Amino Acids Derived Online Using an Agilent AdvanceBio AAA Column

Analysis of Amino Acids Derived Online Using an Agilent AdvanceBio AAA Column Application Note Pharmaceutical and Food Testing Analysis of Amino Acids Derived Online Using an Agilent AdvanceBio AAA Column Author Lu Yufei Agilent Technologies, Inc. Abstract A liquid chromatographic

More information

CS612 - Algorithms in Bioinformatics

CS612 - Algorithms in Bioinformatics Spring 2016 Protein Structure February 7, 2016 Introduction to Protein Structure A protein is a linear chain of organic molecular building blocks called amino acids. Introduction to Protein Structure Amine

More information

Experiment 1. Isolation of Glycogen from rat Liver

Experiment 1. Isolation of Glycogen from rat Liver Experiment 1 Isolation of Glycogen from rat Liver Figure 35: FIG-2, Liver, PAS, 100x. Note the presence of a few scattered glycogen granules (GG). Objective To illustrate the method for isolating glycogen.

More information

Trypsin Mass Spectrometry Grade

Trypsin Mass Spectrometry Grade 058PR-03 G-Biosciences 1-800-628-7730 1-314-991-6034 technical@gbiosciences.com A Geno Technology, Inc. (USA) brand name Trypsin Mass Spectrometry Grade A Chemically Modified, TPCK treated, Affinity Purified

More information

Chemical Nature of the Amino Acids. Table of a-amino Acids Found in Proteins

Chemical Nature of the Amino Acids. Table of a-amino Acids Found in Proteins Chemical Nature of the Amino Acids All peptides and polypeptides are polymers of alpha-amino acids. There are 20 a- amino acids that are relevant to the make-up of mammalian proteins (see below). Several

More information

Properties of amino acids in proteins

Properties of amino acids in proteins Properties of amino acids in proteins one of the primary roles of DNA (but far from the only one!!!) is to code for proteins A typical bacterium builds thousands types of proteins, all from ~20 amino acids

More information

THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA. DATE: Oct. 22, 2002 Midterm EXAMINATION. PAPER NO.: PAGE NO.: 1of 6 DEPARTMENT & COURSE NO.: 2.277/60.

THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA. DATE: Oct. 22, 2002 Midterm EXAMINATION. PAPER NO.: PAGE NO.: 1of 6 DEPARTMENT & COURSE NO.: 2.277/60. PAPER NO.: PAGE NO.: 1of 6 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS You must mark the answer sheet with pencil (not pen). Put your name and enter your student number on the answer sheet. The examination consists of multiple

More information

Amino acids. (Foundation Block) Dr. Essa Sabi

Amino acids. (Foundation Block) Dr. Essa Sabi Amino acids (Foundation Block) Dr. Essa Sabi Learning outcomes What are the amino acids? General structure. Classification of amino acids. Optical properties. Amino acid configuration. Non-standard amino

More information

Q1: Circle the best correct answer: (15 marks)

Q1: Circle the best correct answer: (15 marks) Q1: Circle the best correct answer: (15 marks) 1. Which one of the following incorrectly pairs an amino acid with a valid chemical characteristic a. Glycine, is chiral b. Tyrosine and tryptophan; at neutral

More information

ENERGY AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY IN DISTILLERS DRIED GRAIN WITH SOLUBLES FED TO GROWING PIGS

ENERGY AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY IN DISTILLERS DRIED GRAIN WITH SOLUBLES FED TO GROWING PIGS ENERGY AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY IN DISTILLERS DRIED GRAIN WITH SOLUBLES FED TO GROWING PIGS Hans H. Stein Department of Animal and Range Sciences Box 2170 South Dakota State University Brookings, SD,

More information

Work-flow: protein sample preparation Precipitation methods Removal of interfering substances Specific examples:

Work-flow: protein sample preparation Precipitation methods Removal of interfering substances Specific examples: Dr. Sanjeeva Srivastava IIT Bombay Work-flow: protein sample preparation Precipitation methods Removal of interfering substances Specific examples: Sample preparation for serum proteome analysis Sample

More information

PRO G max Probiotic fermented soybean meal Benefits of PRO G max

PRO G max Probiotic fermented soybean meal Benefits of PRO G max PRO G max Probiotic fermented soybean meal Benefits of PRO G max Probiotic bacteria > 10 10 CFU/kg High protein with low molecular weight protein approaching small peptides enhancing digestion and absorption

More information

Vamin 18 EF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION

Vamin 18 EF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Title Page Information Dec. 2000 1 (7) Number Vamin 18 EF 121-01 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Vamin 18 g N/l electrolyte-free infusion fluid, solution 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION 1000

More information

Introduction to Biochemistry Midterm exam )ومن أحياها(

Introduction to Biochemistry Midterm exam )ومن أحياها( Introduction to Biochemistry Midterm exam 2016-2017 )ومن أحياها( 1. Which of the following amino (in a peptide chain) would probably be found at a beta bend or turn? a. lysine * b. Gly c. arg d. asn 2.

More information

Quantitative Analysis of Underivatized Amino Acids in Plant Matrix by Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (HILIC) with LC/MS Detection

Quantitative Analysis of Underivatized Amino Acids in Plant Matrix by Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (HILIC) with LC/MS Detection Application Note Food Testing, Metabolomics, Agricultural Chemistry, Environmental Quantitative Analysis of Underivatized Amino Acids in Plant Matrix by Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (HILIC) with

More information

CHAPTER 29 HW: AMINO ACIDS + PROTEINS

CHAPTER 29 HW: AMINO ACIDS + PROTEINS CAPTER 29 W: AMI ACIDS + PRTEIS For all problems, consult the table of 20 Amino Acids provided in lecture if an amino acid structure is needed; these will be given on exams. Use natural amino acids (L)

More information

Trypsin digestion: The lyophilized powder of the reduced S-carboxymethylated ACID) BETWEEN NORMAL (B+) AND THE COMMON NEGRO VARIANT

Trypsin digestion: The lyophilized powder of the reduced S-carboxymethylated ACID) BETWEEN NORMAL (B+) AND THE COMMON NEGRO VARIANT A SINGLE AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION (ASPARAGINE TO ASPARTIC ACID) BETWEEN NORMAL (B+) AND THE COMMON NEGRO VARIANT (A+) OF HUMAN GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE* BY AKIRA YOSHIDA DIVISION OF MEDICAL GENETICS,

More information

0010 Amino Acids 40 Profile - Plasma

0010 Amino Acids 40 Profile - Plasma Accession #: Order #: G1234567 Date Collected: Date Received: 01/22/2013 Reference #: Patient: Date of Birth: 02/05/1962 Date of Report: Telephone: 7704464583 Ordering Physician: 1234 Main St. Anywhere,

More information

Metabolism of Amino Acids in Aquatic Animals II

Metabolism of Amino Acids in Aquatic Animals II Mem. Fac. Fish., Kagoshima Univ. Vol. 26 pp. 45-48 (1977) Metabolism of Amino Acids in Aquatic Animals II The effect of an amino acid supplemented casein diet on the growth rate of carp Yoshito Tanaka,

More information

Thin-Layer Chromatography of Amino Acids HASPI Medical Biology Lab 15b Background Macromolecules

Thin-Layer Chromatography of Amino Acids HASPI Medical Biology Lab 15b Background Macromolecules Thin-Layer Chromatography of s HASPI Medical Biology Lab 15b Background Macromolecules Name: Period: Date: There are four major types of biological macromolecules that make up the human body: nucleic acids

More information

Objective: You will be able to explain how the subcomponents of

Objective: You will be able to explain how the subcomponents of Objective: You will be able to explain how the subcomponents of nucleic acids determine the properties of that polymer. Do Now: Read the first two paragraphs from enduring understanding 4.A Essential knowledge:

More information

Short polymer. Dehydration removes a water molecule, forming a new bond. Longer polymer (a) Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a polymer

Short polymer. Dehydration removes a water molecule, forming a new bond. Longer polymer (a) Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a polymer HO 1 2 3 H HO H Short polymer Dehydration removes a water molecule, forming a new bond Unlinked monomer H 2 O HO 1 2 3 4 H Longer polymer (a) Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a polymer HO 1 2 3

More information

Molecular Biology. general transfer: occurs normally in cells. special transfer: occurs only in the laboratory in specific conditions.

Molecular Biology. general transfer: occurs normally in cells. special transfer: occurs only in the laboratory in specific conditions. Chapter 9: Proteins Molecular Biology replication general transfer: occurs normally in cells transcription special transfer: occurs only in the laboratory in specific conditions translation unknown transfer:

More information

EFFECTS OF REPLACING WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE WITH CRYSTALLINE AMINO ACIDS ON WEANLING PIG PERFORMANCE

EFFECTS OF REPLACING WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE WITH CRYSTALLINE AMINO ACIDS ON WEANLING PIG PERFORMANCE EFFECTS OF REPLACING WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE WITH CRYSTALLINE AMINO ACIDS ON WEANLING PIG PERFORMANCE 1999 Animal Science Research Report Authors: Story in Brief Pages 258-265 J. Chung, S.D. Carter,C.V.

More information

The Structure and Function of Macromolecules

The Structure and Function of Macromolecules The Structure and Function of Macromolecules Macromolecules are polymers Polymer long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks. Monomer the small building block molecules. Carbohydrates, proteins

More information

0010 Amino Acid Analysis - 40 Plasma

0010 Amino Acid Analysis - 40 Plasma 770.446.5483 770.441.2237 This report contains reference range adjustments from routine revalidation procedures. It also contains the following three upgrades: 1) The amino acids have been reorganized

More information

Microbial Enhanced Fish Fertilizer Supplement with Vitamins and Nutrients for Plant Health

Microbial Enhanced Fish Fertilizer Supplement with Vitamins and Nutrients for Plant Health Microbial Enhanced Fish Fertilizer Supplement with Vitamins and Nutrients for Plant Health INTRODUCTION: MicrobeBio Hydro Activator naturally occurring beneficial organisms, 100% organic proteins, and

More information

Proteins consist in whole or large part of amino acids. Simple proteins consist only of amino acids.

Proteins consist in whole or large part of amino acids. Simple proteins consist only of amino acids. Today we begin our discussion of the structure and properties of proteins. Proteins consist in whole or large part of amino acids. Simple proteins consist only of amino acids. Conjugated proteins contain

More information

and the cells removed by centrifugation. These were resuspended in sterile 1949a), growth was measured in terms of acid production while dextran was

and the cells removed by centrifugation. These were resuspended in sterile 1949a), growth was measured in terms of acid production while dextran was THE NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF LEUCONOSTOC DEXTRANICUM FOR GROWTH AND DEXTRAN SYNTHESIS1 VIRGINIA WHITESIDE-CARLSON AND CARMEN L. ROSANO Biochemistry Department, Medical College of Alabama, Birmingham,

More information

Characterization of Acetic Acid-Soluble and Insoluble Proteins Isolated from Doughs Mixed in the Presence of N-Ethylmaleimide

Characterization of Acetic Acid-Soluble and Insoluble Proteins Isolated from Doughs Mixed in the Presence of N-Ethylmaleimide Characterization of Acetic Acid-Soluble and Insoluble Proteins Isolated from Doughs Mixed in the Presence of N-Ethylmaleimide K. OKADA, Y. NEGISHI, and S. NAGAO' ABSTRACT Cereal Chem. 65(3):248-252 Acetic

More information

[NOTE The relative retention times for calcitonin salmon and calcitonin salmon related compound A Change to read:

[NOTE The relative retention times for calcitonin salmon and calcitonin salmon related compound A Change to read: . Mode: Revision Bulletin Official April 1, 2012 Calcitonin Salmon 1 LC Calcitonin Salmon Detector: UV 220 nm Column: 4.6-mm 25-cm; packing L1 Column temperature: 65 Flow rate: 1 ml/min Injection volume:

More information

Lecture 10 - Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

Lecture 10 - Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism Lecture 10 - Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism Chem 454: Regulatory Mechanisms in Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire 1 Introduction 2 Proteins are degraded into amino acids. Protein

More information

[ APPLICATION NOTE ] UPLC-MS/MS Analysis of 45 Amino Acids Using the Kairos Amino Acid Kit for Biomedical Research INTRODUCTION APPLICATION BENEFITS

[ APPLICATION NOTE ] UPLC-MS/MS Analysis of 45 Amino Acids Using the Kairos Amino Acid Kit for Biomedical Research INTRODUCTION APPLICATION BENEFITS UPLC-MS/MS Analysis of 45 Amino Acids Using the Kairos Amino Acid Kit for Biomedical Research Padhraic Rossiter, 1 Jaime Salcedo Dominguez, 1 Jennifer Warren, 1 Norma Breen, 1 Lisa Calton 2 1 Waters Corporation,

More information

1-To know what is protein 2-To identify Types of protein 3- To Know amino acids 4- To be differentiate between essential and nonessential amino acids

1-To know what is protein 2-To identify Types of protein 3- To Know amino acids 4- To be differentiate between essential and nonessential amino acids Amino acids 1-To know what is protein 2-To identify Types of protein 3- To Know amino acids 4- To be differentiate between essential and nonessential amino acids 5-To understand amino acids synthesis Amino

More information

PROTEINS. Building blocks, structure and function. Aim: You will have a clear picture of protein construction and their general properties

PROTEINS. Building blocks, structure and function. Aim: You will have a clear picture of protein construction and their general properties PROTEINS Building blocks, structure and function Aim: You will have a clear picture of protein construction and their general properties Reading materials: Compendium in Biochemistry, page 13-49. Microbiology,

More information

BENEFITS OF COLLAGEN

BENEFITS OF COLLAGEN ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE/TENDON/MUSCLE Alanine: Alanine is an important source of energy for muscle tissue. Helps to convert sugar into glucose for energy. Asparagine: Asparagine may increase endurance and

More information

Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry

Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Lipids ot different than other organic small molecules Carbohydrates Polymers of monosaccharides linked via glycosidic bonds (acetals/ ketals) many different combinationsvery interesting no time ucleic

More information

Sesame seed powder * product is currently being developed. Chia powder * Product nr HP01 HP04 PU01 SS01 CH01 A01 FS01 FS02 P01 P02 R02

Sesame seed powder * product is currently being developed. Chia powder * Product nr HP01 HP04 PU01 SS01 CH01 A01 FS01 FS02 P01 P02 R02 Minerals and approved health claims 2 servings of 20 gr/day RDI (EU) mg/ day Source of 15% RDI (mg) Rich in 30% RDI (mg) - Belgian origin Pumpkin Sesame product is currently being developed Chia might

More information

The Amino Acid Content of Hen's Egg in Relation to Dietary Protein Intake, Breed and Environment 1

The Amino Acid Content of Hen's Egg in Relation to Dietary Protein Intake, Breed and Environment 1 The Amino Acid Content of Hen's Egg in Relation to Dietary Protein Intake, Breed and Environment 1 P. Lunven and C. Le Clément de St. Marcq Protein Food Development Group Nutrition Division In 1963 the

More information

Sprint. Revolutionary technology for the rapid, safe and direct determination of protein

Sprint. Revolutionary technology for the rapid, safe and direct determination of protein Sprint Rapid Protein Analyzer Revolutionary technology for the rapid, safe and direct determination of protein Benefits Its simple to use Fast analysis of all types of food No hazardous chemicals Safer

More information

Section 1 Proteins and Proteomics

Section 1 Proteins and Proteomics Section 1 Proteins and Proteomics Learning Objectives At the end of this assignment, you should be able to: 1. Draw the chemical structure of an amino acid and small peptide. 2. Describe the difference

More information

Biomolecules: amino acids

Biomolecules: amino acids Biomolecules: amino acids Amino acids Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins They are also part of hormones, neurotransmitters and metabolic intermediates There are 20 different amino acids in

More information

Food for special medical purposes. phenylketonuria (PKU) Important notice: Suitable only for individuals with proven phenylketonuria.

Food for special medical purposes. phenylketonuria (PKU) Important notice: Suitable only for individuals with proven phenylketonuria. PKU Nutri 1 Energy Food for special medical purposes. For the dietary management of proven phenylketonuria (PKU) in infants from birth to 12 months and as a supplementary feed up to 3 years. An amino acid

More information

Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. STOP at enduring understanding 4A

Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. STOP at enduring understanding 4A Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. STOP at enduring understanding 4A Homework Watch the Bozeman video called, Biological Molecules Objective:

More information

Amino Acid Contents of Leaves and Stems for Three Types of Herbal Plants at Al-Gabal Al-Akhder Region

Amino Acid Contents of Leaves and Stems for Three Types of Herbal Plants at Al-Gabal Al-Akhder Region World Journal of Chemistry 9 (1): 15-19, 2014 ISSN 1817-3128 IDOSI Publications, 2014 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wjc.2014.9.1.1113 Amino Acid Contents of and for Three Types of Herbal Plants at Al-Gabal Al-Akhder

More information

Lab Guide 2019 Metabolic Section Lab Guide

Lab Guide 2019 Metabolic Section Lab Guide Lab Guide 2019 Metabolic Section Lab Guide Quantitative Amino acids Plasma Plasma. Container/Tube: Preferred EDTA, Place immediately in ice. Acceptable: lithium heparin, sodium heparin. Patient preparation:

More information

Amino acids. Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer semester,

Amino acids. Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer semester, Amino acids Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer semester, 2017-2018 Resources This lecture Campbell and Farrell s Biochemistry, Chapters 3 (pp.66-76) General structure (Chiral carbon) The amino acids that occur in

More information

Glutathione Synthesis in Human Erythrocytes

Glutathione Synthesis in Human Erythrocytes Glutathione Synthesis in Human Erythrocytes II. PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF THE ENZYMES OF GLUTATHIONE BIOSYNTHESIS PHILI W. MAjEUS, M. J. BRAUNER, M. B. SMITH, and VIRGINIA MINNICH From the Departments

More information

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT PRIMENE 10% 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each litre of the infusion solution contains: L-Isoleucine L-Leucine L-Valine

More information

9/16/15. Properties of Water. Benefits of Water. More properties of water

9/16/15. Properties of Water. Benefits of Water. More properties of water Properties of Water Solid/Liquid Density Water is densest at 4⁰C Ice floats Allows life under the ice Hydrogen bond Ice Hydrogen bonds are stable Liquid water Hydrogen bonds break and re-form Benefits

More information

TRANSAMINASES IN SMOOTH BRUCELLA ABORTUS, STRAIN 19

TRANSAMINASES IN SMOOTH BRUCELLA ABORTUS, STRAIN 19 TRANSAMINASES IN SMOOTH BRUCELLA ABORTUS, STRAIN 19 BY ROBERT A. ALTENBERN AND RILEY D. HOUSEWRIGHT (From the Chemical Corps Biological Laboratories, Camp Detrick, Frederick, Maryland) (Received for publication,

More information

ENDURANCE SPORTS NUTRITION

ENDURANCE SPORTS NUTRITION ENDURANCE SPORTS NUTRITION Complex carbohydrates with low glycemic index Simple carbohydrates with high glycemic index + complex carbs + proteins + electrolytes Simple carbs + complex carbs + proteins

More information

Investigation of sickle cell disease

Investigation of sickle cell disease Investigation of sickle cell disease Sickle cell disease Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder which affects people from Africa, India, Middle East and the Mediterranean region The main forms of

More information

Identification of free amino acids in several crude extracts of two legumes

Identification of free amino acids in several crude extracts of two legumes 1 2 Identification of free amino acids in several crude extracts of two legumes using Thin Layer Chromatography 3 Authors 4 5 6 7 8 9 Taghread Hudaib Key words 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Amino acids;

More information

OF MELANOPHORE-EXPANDING, PRESSOR, AND OXYTOCIC

OF MELANOPHORE-EXPANDING, PRESSOR, AND OXYTOCIC Brit. J. Pharmacol. (1953), 8, 435. THE PURIFICATION. POTENCY, AND AMINO ACID CONTENT OF MELANOPHORE-EXPANDING, PRESSOR, AND OXYTOCIC PREPARATIONS FROM BEEF PITUITARY GLAND BY B. G. BENFEY From the Department

More information

Chapter 5: Structure and Function of Macromolecules AP Biology 2011

Chapter 5: Structure and Function of Macromolecules AP Biology 2011 Chapter 5: Structure and Function of Macromolecules AP Biology 2011 1 Macromolecules Fig. 5.1 Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Polymer - large molecule consisting of many similar building blocks

More information

Amino acids-incorporated nanoflowers with an

Amino acids-incorporated nanoflowers with an Amino acids-incorporated nanoflowers with an intrinsic peroxidase-like activity Zhuo-Fu Wu 1,2,+, Zhi Wang 1,+, Ye Zhang 3, Ya-Li Ma 3, Cheng-Yan He 4, Heng Li 1, Lei Chen 1, Qi-Sheng Huo 3, Lei Wang 1,*

More information

(a) (i) Describe how the production and action of interferon differs from the production and action of lysozyme. (3)

(a) (i) Describe how the production and action of interferon differs from the production and action of lysozyme. (3) 1 Histamine and the proteins interferon and lysozyme are involved in the non-specific responses to infection. (a) (i) escribe how the production and action of interferon differs from the production and

More information

Functional changes in rat liver trna following aflatoxin Β 1 administration

Functional changes in rat liver trna following aflatoxin Β 1 administration J. Biosci., Vol. 3 Number 3, September 1981, pp. 215-219 Printed in India. Functional changes in rat liver trna following aflatoxin Β 1 administration R. K. BHATTACHARYA and V.S. ABOOBAKER Biochemistry

More information

Gentilucci, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. Peptides and proteins are polymers of amino acids linked together by amide bonds CH 3

Gentilucci, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. Peptides and proteins are polymers of amino acids linked together by amide bonds CH 3 Amino Acids Peptides and proteins are polymers of amino acids linked together by amide bonds Aliphatic Side-Chain Amino Acids - - H CH glycine alanine 3 proline valine CH CH 3 - leucine - isoleucine CH

More information

Chemistry 121 Winter 17

Chemistry 121 Winter 17 Chemistry 121 Winter 17 Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Instructor Dr. Upali Siriwardane (Ph.D. Ohio State) E-mail: upali@latech.edu Office: 311 Carson Taylor Hall ; Phone: 318-257-4941;

More information

Page 8/6: The cell. Where to start: Proteins (control a cell) (start/end products)

Page 8/6: The cell. Where to start: Proteins (control a cell) (start/end products) Page 8/6: The cell Where to start: Proteins (control a cell) (start/end products) Page 11/10: Structural hierarchy Proteins Phenotype of organism 3 Dimensional structure Function by interaction THE PROTEIN

More information

AMINO ACIDS NON-ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL

AMINO ACIDS NON-ESSENTIAL ESSENTIAL Edith Frederika Introduction A major component of food is PROTEIN The protein ingested as part of our diet are not the same protein required by the body Only 40 to 50 gr of protein is required by a normal

More information

Characterization of Bacteria by Their Degradation of Amino Acids

Characterization of Bacteria by Their Degradation of Amino Acids APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Oct. 1968, P. 1591-1595 Copyright 1968 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 16, No. 10 Printed in U.S.A. Characterization of Bacteria by Their Degradation of Amino Acids M. J. PICKETT

More information

CHEM-342 Introduction to Biochemistry Your Name Final Examination - Individual (Part I) Friday, 26 May :30 12:15 PM H. B. White - Instructor

CHEM-342 Introduction to Biochemistry Your Name Final Examination - Individual (Part I) Friday, 26 May :30 12:15 PM H. B. White - Instructor HEM-342 Introduction to Biochemistry Final Examination - Individual (Part I) Friday, 26 May 2006 10:30 12:15 PM H. B. White - Instructor Range 28-72(2) out of 85, Average 53.5 Important - Please read this

More information

A COMPARISON OF WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE AND SPRAY-DRIED ANIMAL PLASMA IN DIETS FOR WEANLING PIGS 1

A COMPARISON OF WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE AND SPRAY-DRIED ANIMAL PLASMA IN DIETS FOR WEANLING PIGS 1 Swine Day 2004 A COMPARISON OF WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE AND SPRAY-DRIED ANIMAL PLASMA IN DIETS FOR WEANLING PIGS 1 R. O. Gottlob, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, S. S. Dritz 2, J. L. Nelssen,

More information

Flagellar Hook Protein from Salmonella SJ25

Flagellar Hook Protein from Salmonella SJ25 JOURNAL OF BACrERIOLOGY, Jan. 1976, p. 68-73 Copyright 1976 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 125, No. 1 Printed in U.S.A. Flagellar Hook Protein from Salmonella SJ25 HIROAKI KAGAWA,* KATSUSHI OWARIBE,

More information

R. O. Gottlob, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. L. Nelssen, S. S. Dritz 2, C. W. Hastad, K. R. Lawrence, and D. A.

R. O. Gottlob, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, J. L. Nelssen, S. S. Dritz 2, C. W. Hastad, K. R. Lawrence, and D. A. Swine Day 2004 DETERMINATION OF THE APPARENT AND TRUE ILEAL AMINO ACID DIGESTIBILITY AND DIGESTIBLE AND METABOLIZABLE ENERGY OF SPECIALTY PROTEIN SOURCES INTENDED FOR NURSERY PIG DIETS 1 R. O. Gottlob,

More information

EFFECTS OF AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTIONS FOR WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE ON WEANLING PIG PERFORMANCE. Authors: J. Chung, S.D. Carter and J.C.

EFFECTS OF AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTIONS FOR WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE ON WEANLING PIG PERFORMANCE. Authors: J. Chung, S.D. Carter and J.C. EFFECTS OF AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTIONS FOR WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE ON WEANLING PIG PERFORMANCE 1999 Animal Science Research Report Authors: Story in Brief Pages 266-272 J. Chung, S.D. Carter and J.C. Whisenhunt

More information

Collagenase Assay Kit

Collagenase Assay Kit Collagenase Assay Kit Catalog # 31 and 32 For Research Use Only - Not Human or Therapeutic Use INTRODUCTION Collagenases are members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family and degrade collagen types

More information