Plants Essential Elements. Macro and Micronutrients

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1 Plants Essential Elements Macro and Micronutrients

2 Nutrients Are elements needed by a plant to promote healthy tissue, processes, and growth. When plants are lacking in nutrients have a deficiency and may have a number of symptoms: I. They will have a stunted appearance, II. Pale green or yellow color (chlorosis) may develop initially, but coloring can be related to the nutrient that is lacking III. A general appearance of being unhealthy.

3 Macro-Nutrients I. Macronutrients include three primary elements and three secondary elements. II. Three primary nutrients are Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K). III. Three secondary nutrients are Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and Sulfur (S).

4 Macro: primary nutrients Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K)

5 Nitrogen Promotes growth of leaves and stems Gives dark green color and improves quality of foliage Necessary to develop cell proteins and chlorophyll

6 Nitrogen Deficiency noted when leaves are a sick, yellow-green color Short stems, small leaves, pale colored leaves and flowers Slow and dwarfed plant growth

7 Phosphorus Stimulates early formation and growth of roots Provides fast and vigorous growth and speeds maturity Stimulates flowering and seed development

8 Phosphorus Symptoms of deficiency include slow maturity Older leaves are a purplish color Decrease in growth

9 Potassium Used to form carbohydrates and proteins Formation and transfer of starches, sugars, and oils Increases disease resistance, vigor, and hardiness

10 Potassium Deficiency symptoms include mottled, spotted, streaked or curled leaves Scorched, burned, dead leaf tips and margins

11 Macro: secondary nutrients Calcium (Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Sulfur (S)

12 Calcium Improves plant vigor Influences intake and synthesis of other plant nutrients Important part of cell walls

13 Calcium (C) Symptoms of deficiency include small developing leaves, wrinkled older leaves Dead stem tips

14 Magnesium (Mg) Influences the intake of other essential nutrients Helps make fats Assists in translocation of phosphorus and fats

15 Magnesium Deficiency symptoms include interveinal chlorosis-yellowing of leaves between green veins Leaf tips curl or cup upward Slender, weak stems

16 Sulfur (S) Promotes root growth and vigorous vegetative growth Essential to protein formation

17 Sulfur Deficiency symptoms include young leaves are light green with lighter colored veins Yellow leaves and stunted growth

18 Micronutrients Iron (Fe) Copper (Cu) Zinc (Zn) Boron (B) Manganese (Mn) Molybdenum (Mo) Chlorine (Cl)

19 Iron (Fe) Essential for chlorophyll production Helps carry electrons to mix oxygen with other elements

20 Iron Deficiency symptoms include mottled and interveinal chlorosis in young leaves Stunted growth and slender, short stems

21 Copper (Cu) Helps in the use of iron Helps respiration

22 Copper Deficiency symptoms include young leaves are small and permanently wilted Multiple bud at stem tips

23 Zinc (Z) Helps plant metabolism function Helps form growth hormones Aids in reproduction

24 Zinc Deficiency includes retarded growth between nodes (rosetted) New leaves are thick and small Spotted between veins, discolored veins

25 Boron (B) Affects water absorption by roots Translocation of sugars

26 Boron Deficiency symptoms include short, thick stem tips Young leaves of terminal buds are light green at base Leaves become twisted and die

27 Manganese (Mn) Aids in plant metabolism Helps in nitrogen transformation

28 Manganese (Mn) Deficiency symptoms include interveinal chlorosis Young leaves die

29 Molybdenum (Mo) Aids in plant development Reproduction

30 Molybdenum Deficiency symptoms include stunted growth Yellow leaves, upward curling leaves Leaf margin burn

31 Chlorine (C) Essential to some plant processes Acts in enzyme systems

32 Chlorine Usually there are more problems with too much chlorine or toxicity than with deficiency

33 Macro and Micro Nutrients Remember: C Ca Fe HOPKiNS Managed By My Cuzin MoCo ClZn Coloring in the Periodic Table: Non-Mineral Elements (Red) Primary (Green) Secondary (Purple) Micronutrients (Orange)