Didiek Hadjar Goenadi

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1 JURNAL ILMU TANAH DAN LINGKUNGAN, OKTOBER 1999, h Vol. 2, No.2 Journal of So11 Scrences and Environment, Oktober 1999, D ISSN THE POTENTIAL USE OF HUMlC ACIDS Didiek Hadjar Goenadi Biotechnology Research Unit for Estate Crops Bogor, lndonesia ABSTRACT The potential use of humic acids has received a great deal of attention during the last decade. Many research workers have suggested the advantage one can expect in the application of humic acids to provide a better growth of plants. Although their characteristics are subjected to considerable variation according to the sources from which they were extracted, the common effect of their application shows very convincing phenomena. However, such information are stilt limited in lndonesia resulting a somewhat ignorance among the scientists in the country about the remarkable potential of humic acids application. The objective of this discussion is, therefore, to elaborate basic information regarding the extraction techniques, characteristics variation, potential use as organic-n sources in the form of amino acids for carrier component of microbial inowlants and tissue culture media of plants, ion uptake enhancer, promoter of proteins and nucleic acids synthesis, and enzyme activator. Keywords : Humic acids, organic N, amino acids, microbial inoculant, tissue culture INTRODUCTION Basically, organic matter can be grouped into two major classes, i.e. non-humified and humified materials. The former consists of carbohydrates, amino acids, protein, lipids, lignin, nucleic acids, pigments, hormones, and a variety of organic acids. The latter are products that have been formed during the decomposition process from the nonhumified constituents, and includes a group of complex compounds, such as fulvic acids (FA) and humic acids (HA) and their hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives (Tan, 1986). Humic acids appear to be complex macromolecules of aromatic units with linked amino acids, peptides, amino sugars, aliphatic acids and other organic constituents (Stevensons, 1982) The aromatic rings are the di- and triphenol type, contain both free OH groups and quinone double linkages, and are bridged by 0, S, and N atoms, as well as by NH2, CH2, and other groups (Stevenson, 1982). Barak & Chen (1992) stated that HA's are commonly assumed to be polyelectrolytes, i.e. long-chain ionizable macromolecules. They showed that humic macromolecules have equivalent radii ranging from 1.I nm at 10% ionization to 0.24 nm at 90% ionization. Compared to other humic materials, HA has received greater attentions among the scientists. Documentations have been established worldwide varying from characterization of HA isolated from different materials (Deiana, et a/., 1990, Lobartini et a/., 1991 & 1992, Tan et a/., 1992, and Goenadi, 1997), oxide adsorption (Shulthess & Huang, 1991, Fontess et el., 1992), soft-weed herbicide (Goenadi, 1995) to its potential as organic N sources used in the callus development (Goenadi & Sudharma, 1995). The possibility of diverse application of soil HA is encouraged by the findings that the substances are not only consisting of major nutrients such as C, H. 0, N, and S, but also containing great variety of amino acids in which the types and numbers are dependent upon soil andlor crop types (Orlov, 1985). However, such information is so little available in Indonesia resulting a very limited attempt in exploring the potential use of soil HA. This manuscript is, therefore, aimed to present basic information regarding to extraction technique, characteristic variation, and the possibility of using HA's as organic N sources, ion uptake canier, promoter of proteins and nucleic acids syntheses, enzyme activator, carrier construction of microbial inoculant and formulation of tissue culture media. Didik Hadjar Gunadi The Potential Use Of Humic Acids. J. II. Tan. Lingk. 2(2): 23-31

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