Import Risk Assessment of Plant Pests The EU Situation

Transcription

1 Import Risk Assessment of Plant Pests The EU Situation Jan Schans, NL Plant Protection Service, Wageningen, NL Chair EFSA Panel on Plant Health AFSSA / EFSA Colloquium, 3 October 2008, Paris 1

2 Overview International context Plant health regime in the EU Complexity Plant health risk assessment in the EU EFSA Scientific Panel on Plant Health Challenges for EU Plant Health 2

3 International context (1) Early recognition of the need for international cooperation: International Convention on Phylloxera (1878) First international agreement to control a plant pest Blueprint for subsequent global agreements: Phytosanitary certificate International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC, 1951; 1977; 1997) International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM, since 1993) ISPM 2, 11, 21: Pest Risk Analysis WTO SPS (1994) Explicit reference to IPPC and ISPMs 3

4 International context (2) International trade is major cause of introduction of pests into new areas To minimize interference with international trade, phytosanitary measures must be: Based on principles of managed risk and acceptable level of risk (IPPC) technically justified (IPPC) Based on scientific risk assessment and evidence (WTO-SPS) Using risk assessment guidelines of IPPC (WTO-SPS) Pest Risk Analysis: ISPM 2, 11, 21 Assessment of risk for each pest species 4

5 Plant health regime in the EU EU protective measures for plant health are harmonized Directive 2000/29/EC Measures specified for listed quarantine pests innocent until proven guilty Covering all types of plants No independent legislation in Member States To justify these risk management measures: Risk assessment required for each pest species Pest risk assessment at the EU level PRA area is EU area 5

6 Complexity - example Example for The Netherlands, import 2005 > consignments of plants requiring import inspection > consignments of ornamentals > 900 plant genera 367 interceptions of infested consignments (1%) 54 new organisms (first interceptions for EU) 4 Pest Risk Analysis (PRA area: NL) 0 organisms qualified for regulation 6

7 Complexity Plant health risk: Open-ended list of risky commodities Open-ended list of pests per commodity Only commodities listed in 2000/29/EC are inspected Diversity of climate and land use in EU Risk is increasing: Globalisation of trade Climate change Changing consumer interests 7

8 Plant Health Risk Assessment in the EU (1) European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO, 1951) Intergovernmental organization for cooperation in plant protection, 50 member countries Regional Plant Protection Organization (RPPO) for Europe under the IPPC 8

9 Plant Health Risk Assessment in the EU (2) European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO, 1951) Since 1990s: Development of schemes and methodology for PRA Collection of data and information for PRA Collection of PRAs made by EPPO member countries and other sources, studied by EPPO Panels Perform PRA at EPPO level (since 2005) 9

10 Plant Health Risk Assessment in the EU (3) Pest Risk Assessments by EU Member States: UK, NL: PRA process embedded in national organisations UK: 4 persons full time NL: PRA team; 2 full time equivalents FR, DE: Structural attention to PRA is increasing Other EU MS: PRA on ad hoc basis 10

11 Plant Health Risk Assessment in the EU (4) Pest Risk Assessments by EU Member States: Diverse methodology, e.g.: EPPO schemes Short PRA (UK) Quick Scan (NL) Diverse detail of information, e.g.: Simple data sheet with essential information Full PRA including climate mapping and risk management options 11

12 Plant Health Risk Assessment in the EU (5) Pest Risk Assessments by EU Member States: Mostly in response to interception or outbreak Focus on national risk Justify emergency measures Cooperation between Member States PRAs in decision making process (European Commission / Standing Committee on Plant Health) 12

13 Plant Health Risk Assessment in the EU (6) Need for independent scientific advice on plant health decisions at EU level EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH Panel) Established June 2006 (Regulation 575/2006) Recognizing, that the protection of plant health is an essential factor in the security of the food chain The mandate for the PLH Panel: To assess the risks of plant pests threatening plant production and biodiversity, in support of phytosanitary decision making in the EC 13

14 The EFSA Scientific Panel on Plant Health EFSA PLH Panel provides scientific opinions and advice on request: European Commission EU Member States European Parliament Scientific excellence: 21 permanent members from 14 EU Member States ad hoc experts on specific issues Broad expertise in fields related to plant health 14

15 The EFSA Scientific Panel on Plant Health (2) Working Groups: 4 permanent WGs; additional specific WGs Develop draft versions of scientific opinions Plenary Panel: Discuss work in progress Adopt finalised opinions EFSA PLH Unit: 8 staff members (September 2008) 15

16 The EFSA Scientific Panel on Plant Health (3) Scientific opinions Following requests by the European Commission 36 published; 1 in progress Guidance documents Scientific evaluation of pest risk assessments for legislative purposes (in progress) Scientific Colloquium Dec 2007 Pest risk assessment - Science in support of phytosanitary decision making in the European Community 16

17 Scientific opinions of the PLH Panel Pathway analysis: Evaluation of APHIS study on Xanthomonas citri Supporting revision of phytosanitary legislation: Evaluation of PRAs for French Overseas Departments Assess whether phytosanitary measures are justified for specific organisms: Invasive plants Bactrocera zonata Evaluation of pathway, climate suitability and protective measures for Guignardia citricarpa (in progress) 17

18 Reseach for Plant Health Risk Assessment in the EU PRATIQUE Enhancements of pest risk analysis techniques 15 partners from 9 European countries + Australia + New Zealand FP EUPHRESCO cooperation and coordination of national phytosanitary research programmes at the EU level 24 partners in 17 European countries FP-6 ERA-NET

19 Challenges for EU Plant Health (1) Enhance transparency: Official phytosanitary measures of EU require: Risk Decision at EU level; requires: Independent Risk Assessment (scientific advice) at EU level Separate: Risk Management (EC Member States) Risk Decision Making (EC Standing Committee on Plant Health) Risk Assessment (EFSA Member States) 19

20 Challenges for EU Plant Health (2) Enhance process of Pest Risk Assessment at EU level: Clear articulation of a request for scientific pest risk assessment by the Risk Decision Maker One independent organisation at EU level with responsibility to accept, process and answer to the requests Cooperation by Member States to produce a balanced risk assessment for the EU level Create several stages of communication between Risk Assessor, Risk Manager and Risk Decision Maker 20

21 Challenges for EU Plant Health: Risk Assessment (1) Harmonisation of PRA methodology and terminology PRATIQUE, EUPHRESCO, EFSA PLH Panel Enable clear communication of risk level and uncertainty Enhance framework for assessment of economic, environmental, social impacts Enhance understanding of Type I and Type II errors of risk assessment and their consequences 21

22 Challenges for EU Plant Health: Risk Assessment (2) Enhance analysis of risk management options Assess final impact under various combinations of management options Categories: Prevention Protection Response Recovery 22

23 Thank you for your attention! 23