Fatty acid composition and meat quality traits of organically reared Korean native black pigs
|
|
- Barbra Fox
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Available online at Livestock Science 120 (2009) Fatty acid composition and meat quality traits of organically reared Korean native black pigs D.H. Kim a, P.N. Seong a, S.H. Cho a, J.H. Kim a, J.M. Lee a,c.jo b, D.G. Lim a, a Quality Control and Utilization of Animal Products Division, National Institute of Animal Science R. D. A., 564 Omockchun-Dong, Suwon , Republic of Korea b Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, , Republic of Korea Received 14 September 2007; received in revised form 7 April 2008; accepted 2 May 2008 Abstract Current study investigated the effect of feeding systems (conventional vs organic rearing) on carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid composition of Musculus longissimus dorsi of Korean native black barrows (KNP). Thirty pigs were reared under a conventional feeding system at indoor area of 1 m 2 per head, while another thirty pigs were fed an indoor area with organic saw dusts of 1 m 2 and an outdoor area with free ranges of 1 m 2 for each pig for organic system. Diet for the organic rearing was also provided according to the guideline for organic pork products. Warner Bratzler shear force was lower and water holding capacity was higher for pork produced under the organic guidelines. However, pork produced by an organic system did not affect sensory traits compared to pork produced by a conventional one. In addition, longissimus muscle from organically reared pigs had significantly (P b 0.05) higher myoglobin content and consequently higher CIE a -values compared with those for the conventionally-reared pigs (P b 0.05). The organic pork resulted in significantly (P b 0.05) higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and unsaturated fatty acid contents, as well as a higher n-3 PUFA than the conventional one (Pb0.05) Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Pigs; Rearing system; Organic; Fatty acid composition; Meat quality 1. Introduction Current pig production system, predominantly an intensive indoor system, has provided pork meat at a reasonable price and quality for consumer. However, public concerns on animal welfare, environmental pollution and hygienic safety of meat products have been grown (Dransfield et al., 2005). In recent years, Corresponding author. Tel.: ; fax: address: elpollo9@snu.ac.kr (D.G. Lim). organic animal products have received a significant attention in most developed countries, as the environmentally friendly products are considered to be a healthier and safer than those produced by intensive production system (Sundrum, 2001; Hansen et al., 2006). In this respect, the public interest and demand for the organic pork products also has been increased in Korean market, although there is no statistical figure available. Korean native black pig (KNP) comprises approximately 0.74% of a total of 9.19 million pigs in Korea (Ministry of Agriculture and Forest, Korea, 2003) /$ - see front matter 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi: /j.livsci
2 D.H. Kim et al. / Livestock Science 120 (2009) However, the consumer highly demands for the meat from KNP because it has a particular high redness and intramuscular fat content compared with commercial landrace (Jin et al., 2001). The KNPs had been widely raised on farms in Korea until 1970s, but there was a significant recession in their numbers thereafter due to the introduction of improved breeds for both growth andleanmeatproduction(park et al., 2007). KNP showed a slower growth rate and lighter carcass weight (Hwang et al., 2004), but has been known to abilities with strong disease tolerance and a coarse feeding in organic rearing system (RDA, 2001). The fact might imply that KNP could be evolved more suitable for the traditional feeding system including organic pig farming system. In this respect, there has been great interest in Korean pig industry for organic pork products using the KNPs. According to the basic standards of the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM, 1996), an organic livestock farming is primarily based on home-grown feedstuffs with the objective of establishing an almost complete on-farm nutrient cycle. Major differences between organic and conventional nutrition are the ban on synthetic amino acid and products of genetically modified organism (GMO) origin. Antibiotics and growth promoters are prohibited as well. In present legislation, an organic feed has to consist of a minimum of 80% of organic feed ingredients, which limits the choice of ingredients. Due to particular agricultural practices, organic feeds may differ in composition and the content of minor constituents (Millet et al., 2005). The different diets used in organic and conventional production systems may influence nutrient and fatty acid composition in pork (Bosi, 1999). Differences in space allowance, stocking density, and climatic conditions might also influence the composition and quality of pigs reared out-of-doors. A number of studies reported that organic pork was tougher and contained a higher content of unsaturated fatty acid (Danielsen et al., 2000; Nilzen et al., 2001; Hansen et al., 2006). On the other hand, organically reared pigs had a higher percentage of lean meat and wholesale carcass value than pork from a confinement system (Hansen et al., 2006; Sundrum et al., 2000). Recently, Jin et al. (2001) reported the characteristics of growth performance and meat quality of KNP under a commercialized insensitive feeding system in comparison with Landrace pure-bred. In this study, meat quality of KNP was more favourable for consumer's demand, while growth performance was inferior to the Landrace (Jin et al., 2001). The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of free-range outdoor and conventional confined-indoor feeding systems on growth performance, meat quality and fatty acid compositions. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Animal and experimental design Sixty barrows (KNPs) were sampled from a herd for breeding program of the NIAS (National Institute of Animal Science), and randomly divided into two equal groups; thirty pigs were reared in a conventional stable and another group were grown in a special stable, according to the National regulation on Korean Organic Farming Standard (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 2003). Under the current experiment, each pig for conventional rearing system had an indoor area of 1m 2, while each pig for the organic rearing system had an indoor area with organic saw dusts of 1 m 2 and an outdoor area with free ranges of 1 m 2. The surface in the conventional pens consisted of slats. The conventional stable had climate control, whereas the organic stable only had natural ventilation. Organic saw dust was replaced weekly. Self-feeders and nipples were provided in each pen. Organic pigs were fed restrictedly for 7 months in accordance with the Korean Organic Farming Standard, while conventional pigs were fed for 7 months in a conventional manner. Ingredient composition of the experimental diets for conventional and organic KNPs is presented in Table 1. None of the feeds contained growthpromoter and antibiotics for organic feeding. Diets and water for both conventionally and organically reared Korean black pigs were given ad libitum. Calculated nutrient composition and fatty acid composition of the experimental diets for KNPs are presented in Table 2. Pigs (approximately 95 kg live weight) were slaughtered at a commercial slaughter house. Pigs were transported to the abattoir the day before slaughter and lairaged overnight with free access to water. Animals were conventionally slaughtered after an electrical stunning (Park Table 1 Ingredient composition (%) of the experimental diets for conventionally and organically reared Korean black pigs a Ingredient diets Organic diets Corn (%) (Organic) Soybean meal (%) (Organic) Fishmeal (%) 3.0 Wheat bran (%) 3.0 Molasses (%) 1.5 Tallow (%) 2.6 Calcium phosphate (%) 0.85 Limestone (%) NaCl (%) Mineral and vitamin premix (%) L-lysine (%) Choline chloride 0.07 DL-methionine (%) 0.04 a diets during the feeding period between 20 and 95 kg.
3 98 D.H. Kim et al. / Livestock Science 120 (2009) Table 2 Calculated nutrient and fatty acid composition of the experimental diets for conventionally and organically reared Korean black pigs diets Organic diets Nutrients Moisture (%) Crude protein (%) Crude fat (%) Ash (%) Crude fiber (%) Ca (%) P (%) Lysine (%) Methionline (%) Threonine (%) Tryptophane (%) Calorie (cal/g) Fatty acid composition SFA (%) USFA (%) MUFA (%) PUFA (%) PUFA n-3 (%) PUFA n-6 (%) PUFAn-6/PUFAn-3 (%) MUFA/SFA (%) PUFA/SFA (%) The symbols used mean as followed: SFA, USFA, MUFA and PUFA refer to Saturated, Unsaturated, Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated fatty acid, respectively. et al., 2007). Musculus longissimus dorsi were taken from each left side and immediately transported to NIAS for analyses Measurements Carcass traits and proximate composition After the carcasses were chilled overnight, carcass weight and back fat thickness were measured by pork grading experts. Moisture content, crude protein, crude fat and ash of M. longissimus dorsi were determined by using methods of the AOAC, 1996) procedure Meat quality measurements Muscle ph was measured using portable needle-tipped combination electrode (NWK binar ph-k21 CE, Germany) in the center of the M. longissimus dorsi. Meat color of samples was measured using a Minolta Chroma Meter CR-300 (Osaka, Japan) set for L (lightness), a (redness), and b (yellowness) values after 30 min blooming at room temperature. It was standardized with a white tile (D65 Y = 93.0, x = , y = ). The myoglobin content was calculated from the reflectance curve according to Krzywicki (1979) using a 40 mm phosphate extraction buffer (ph 6.8). Reflectance values at wavelengths not given by the instrument (473, 525 and 572 nm) were calculated using linear interpolation. Cooking loss and textural analysis was performed. The samples were put in a polyethylene bag. The packages were heated in a water bath at 75 C for 30 min and cooled at room temperature for 30 min. Cooking loss values were calculated based on the weight loss of meat before and after cooking. Warner Bratzler (WB) shear force was measured on cooked samples using an Instron Universal Testing Machine (Model 4465, Instron Corporation, MA, USA) at a crosshead speed of 100 mm/min according to the method described by Wheeler et al. (2000). Textural analysis (hardness, springness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness) was evaluated on cores ( cm) obtained from the mid-portions of the cooked samples by cutting them perpendicularly to the fibre direction, using an Instron Universal Testing Machine (Model 4465, Instron Corporation, MA, USA) according to the method described by Malcolm (1978). With the following operating parameter: load cell, 50 kg, crosshead speed, 100 mm/min, sample height 2.54 cm, puncture diameter mm (0.5 in.). Water-holding capacity (WHC) was determined according to a filter paper method using the procedure of Honikel and Hamm (1994). Briefly, 0.5 g of muscle tissue was placed on glass and filter paper was pressed against the meat sample at kg/cm 2 for 2 min. It was calculated by using a planimeter. Sensory profiling by a trained sensory panel (8 assessors) was performed. The panelists were asked to score the samples for tenderness, juiciness and aroma by a six-point assessment scheme Fatty acid composition Total lipids of samples were extracted by using chloroformmethanol (2:1, v/v) according to the procedure of Folch et al. (1957). An aliquot of total lipid extract was methylated as described by Morrison and Smith (1964). Then, the fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by a gas chromatography (Varian 3,600, USA) coupled with a fused silica capillary column, omegawax 320 (30 m 0.32 mm ID, 0.25 μm film thickness). Oven temperature was at 200 C and carrier gas velocity was 25 cm/s. The injection port was at 250 C and the detector was maintained at 300 C. Results were expressed as percentages of the total fatty acid detected based on the total peak area Statistical analysis The Statistical Analysis System (1997) was used to determine means, standard errors and analysis of variance. T- test was used to compare differences between the pork from conventionally and organically reared pigs. An alpha level P b 0.05 was used to determine significance. 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Carcass traits and proximate composition Comparison of the slaughter traits and proximate composition in conventionally- and organically reared KNP is shown in Table 3. Pigs for conventional and
4 D.H. Kim et al. / Livestock Science 120 (2009) Table 3 Comparison of the slaughter traits and proximate composition of conventionally and organically reared Korean black pigs Items organic system were slaughtered at 7 months. The feeding periods were determined based on these are practically performed under Korean feeding systems. The current result showed no noticeable differences in live weight, carcass weight, average daily gain and back fat thickness between conventional and organic feeding (Table 3). For crude fat, organic pigs had a slightly higher than conventional pigs, but it was not statistically different (P = 0.12). It is assumed that differences in feeding levels and fat content of the diets may affect carcass response to rearing systems. Only crude ash was significantly (P b 0.05) higher in the conventional than in the organic one. This is not in agreement with Olsson et al. (2003), who reported that the crude protein and ash content was significantly higher in meat of the organically produced pigs due to a higher iron content resulting from higher pigment content. This opposite result might be due to different feeding diets and rearing condition between the two systems in this experiment Meat quality traits Organic Mean SE Mean SE Slaughter traits Age at slaughter (day) Live weight (kg) Carcass weight (kg) Average daily gain (g/day) a Backfat thickness (mm) Proximate composition Moisture (%) Crude fat (%) Crude protein (%) Crude ash (%) 1.06 A B 0.02 A-B Values with different superscripts in the same row differ significantly (Pb0.05). a Mean values of the feeding period between 20 and 95 kg. As shown in Table 4, meat from organic pigs exhibited a lower shear force and a greater WHC than meat from conventional pigs (Pb0.05). Olsson et al. (2003) reported that the WHC of fresh meat from the organically raised pigs was less than that of conventional meat. Other studies (Sather et al., 1997; Nilzen et al., 2001; Heyer et al., 2006) indicated that the production system did not affect ultimate ph and the decreased WHC was explained by the slightly changed muscle traits of the exercised outdoor animals. Many studies showed higher shear force values in organically produced meats than in conventional produced ones (Van der Wal et al., 1993; Enfält et al., 1997; Sather et al., 1997; Olsson et al., 2003), whereas Nilzen et al. (2001) found no such differences. Several explanations for the higher shear force values in organically produced meat than in conventional produced meat was reported by Olsson et al. (2003). Firstly, the lower intramuscular fat of the organic meat could result in higher shear force values. Secondly, possible slower growth rate decreased muscle proteolysis and then led to an increased shear force in organic production. Thirdly, differences in collagen content might have occurred between the two systems. Any combination of these factors may play a role in the increased shear force found in organic pork (Olsson et al., 2003). However, in our study, the organically reared pigs had lower shear force values than the conventionally-reared ones. This opposite result might be due to different feeding diets and rearing condition between the two systems. Heyer et al. (2006) observed that WB shear force tended to be lower for pigs in the outdoor systems than for pigs in the indoor systems. Meat quality characteristics between conventional and organic pigs did not differ with regard to ph and cooking loss (Table 4). For textural and sensory characteristics, sensory evaluation between the two groups did not affect carcass traits in this experiment. Previous studies have shown Table 4 Comparison of meat characteristics and myoglobin contents of M. longissimus muscle between conventionally and organically reared Korean black pigs Items Organic Mean SE Mean SE ph Cooking loss (%) Shear force (N) 3.89 A B 0.11 WHC (%) B A 0.57 Juiciness Tenderness Aroma Hardness (kg) Springiness A B 0.43 Cohesiveness 0.69 A B 0.04 Gumminess 1.81 B A 0.10 Chewiness (kg) A B 2.35 CIE L A B 1.15 a 6.81 B A 0.52 b 2.93 B A 0.61 Myoglobin content (mg/g) 0.38 B A 0.06 A B Values with different superscripts in the same row differ significantly (Pb0.05).
5 100 D.H. Kim et al. / Livestock Science 120 (2009) that conventional pork is often more tender than pork from organic pork production systems due to lower daily gain in organic production (Danielsen et al., 2000), which is known to decrease the proteolytic potential of the muscle at the time of slaughter (Therkildsen et al., 2002). Josäll et al. (2002) found that loins from the organically raised animals were less juicy and production system did not affect off-odour, acidulous taste, offtaste or tenderness. And they also reported that a consumer preference test showed no significant difference between the organically and conventionally produced meats. The meat of the organically reared pigs showed significantly (P b 0.05) higher CIE a (red) and b (yellow) values than that of the conventionally-reared pigs, with similar lightness. This result is consistent with the previous research that the meat of the organically reared pigs showed a higher redness and yellowness (Millet et al., 2004; Heyer et al., 2006). The darker color of organically reared animals could probably be due to an enlarged spontaneous activity, leading to an increased mean fiber cross-sectional area (Petersen et al., 1998). This might due to differences in fibre type proportion, with higher percent of oxidative type I and oxidativeglycolytic type IIA fibres in organically exercised pigs. This was confirmed by significantly higher myoglobin content for the organic pigs (Table 4) and was likely related to a larger playing ground for the organic production system. Previous studies have shown that organic feeding did not affect carcass quality traits (Fisher and Linder, 1998; Sundrum et al., 2000; Millet et al., 2004). In the present experiment, some meat quality characteristics did affect between conventional and organic ones but others did. However, pork produced by an organic system did not affect sensory traits compared to pork produced by a conventional one. Not only organic feeding is involved in meat quality differences, but also the overall organic rearing system, with access to an outdoor area. Further investigations should be studied to clarify the relationship between organic feeding and meat quality Fatty acid composition The fatty acid composition between organically and conventionally reared KNPs is shown in Table 5. We found higher levels of C18:2n6, C20:3n6 and C22:4n6 in pigs produced organically than those in pigs produced conventionally (P b 0.05). In contrast, organic KNP had lower C14:0, C16:0, C16:1n7, C18:1n9, C20:1n9 and C20:4n6 than conventional ones (Pb0.05). This is in agreement with the observation by Hansen et al. (2006) Table 5 Comparison of fatty acid composition (%) of M. longissimus muscle between conventional and organic pork from Korean black pigs Items Organic Mean SE Mean SE C14:0 (myristic) 1.69 A B 0.03 C16:0 (palmitic) A B 0.19 C16:1n7 (palmitoleic) 3.06 A B 0.11 C18:0 (stearic) C18:1n9 (oleic) A B 0.39 C18:2n6 (linoleic) B A 0.52 C18:3n6 (gamma-linolenic) ND C18:3n3 (α-linolenic) C20:1n9 (eicosenoic) 0.35 A B 0.01 C20:2n6 (eicosadienoic) C20:3n6 (eicosatrienoic) A 0.04 C20:4n6 (arachidonic) 0.38 A B 0.01 C22:4n6 (satetraenoic) 0.01 B A 0.02 SFA A B 0.24 USFA B A 0.24 MUFA A B 0.48 PUFA B A 0.59 PUFA n B A 0.07 PUFA n B A 0.56 PUFAn-6/PUFAn A B 0.14 MUFA/SFA 1.30 A B 0.01 PUFA/SFA 0.39 B A 0.02 A B Values with different superscripts in the same row differ significantly (Pb0.05). The symbols used mean as followed: SFA, USFA, MUFA and PUFA refer to Saturated, Unsaturated, Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated fatty acid, respectively. who found that feeding with organic diets had higher C18:2 and lower C16:0, C16:1 and C18:1 than feeding with non-organic ones in pig muscles. For organic ones, the proportion of saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was significantly lower, while that of unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was significantly higher (Pb0.05). It is known that fatty acid composition of the porcine intramuscular fat affected by feed composition as reviewed by Bosi (1999) and Wood and Enser (1997). Organic pigs had a higher proportion of n-3 and n-6 PUFA than conventional ones (P b 0.05). While the proportion of PUFA/SFA was significantly higher, the proportion of PUFA n-6/n-3 ratio and MUFA/SFA was significantly lower (P b 0.05). These results are consisted with those of the previous research that organic pigs had a higher content of PUFA and a lower content of SFA and MUFA (Hansen et al., 2006). Similarly, there were higher levels of C18:2n6 and PUFA n-6 in pigs fed organically than in pigs fed conventionally (Högberg et al., 2003). The difference in
6 D.H. Kim et al. / Livestock Science 120 (2009) fatty acid composition between conventional and organic KNP is most likely a consequence of the different feed. This suggestion indicated the previous research that the fatty acid composition of the intra muscular fat is affected by several factors, of which diet in general seems to be one of the most important (Nürnberg et al., 1998). Similarly, the higher content of PUFA in organically produced pigs may not only be a result of the different feed but also partially caused by the higher lean meat percentage (Hansen et al., 2006). Högberg et al. (2003) observed that fatty acid composition vary substantially between the organic and conventional feed. The conventional feed had a higher SFA, MUFA and PUFA. These differences corresponded with higher levels of n-6 and n-3 PUFA in the neutral fraction of intramuscular fat and higher levels of n-3 PUFA in the polar lipids of the conventional pigs when compared with the organic ones. The amount of intramuscular fat in organic pork has been reported to be higher (Sundrum et al., 2000), and the fatty acid composition to be more unsaturated compared with meat from traditionally reared pigs (Hansen et al., 2000). Because organic pigs had a higher proportion of n-3 and n-6 PUFA than conventional ones, lipid oxidation might be occurred in organic meat. This may result in inferior meat quality due to enhanced lipid oxidation and presence of soft fat (Nilzen et al., 2001). Therefore, inclusion of vitamin E should be recommended. Consequently, introduction of organic pig production system calls for establishment of quality assurance programs that ensure production of high quality pork, as demanded by the organic consumer segment. It was concluded that the organic rearing resulted in a higher PUFA and USFA level as well as a higher PUFA n-3, n-6 and PUFA/SFA in the muscle of KNPs. The fatty acid profile in the organic feed could be further optimised to give a composition, in the meat, which will fulfil human nutritional requirements with regard to PUFA n-3 content. These results may show a fundamental data on organically reared KNPs according to the Korean organic standard. 4. Conclusions The current data demonstrate that the organic rearing system significantly influence meat quality of longissimus muscle for Korean native black pigs (KNPs). The organic system resulted in significantly higher myoglobin content, and consequently higher redness value (CIE a ) thanthe conventional one. The current study also identified that the organic system changed fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat, resulting in significantly higher levels of PUFA, USFA and PUFA n-3. In this respect, the benefit of organic system for pig production in terms of meat quality can be proved. References AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis, 16th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC., U.S.A. Bosi, P., Feeding strategies to produce high quality pork review. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 12, Danielsen, V., Hansen, L.L., Møller, F., Bejrholm, C., Nielsen, S., Production results and sensory meat quality of pigs fed different amounts of concentrate and ad lib. clover grass or clover grass silage. In: Hermansen, J.E., Lund, V., Thuen, E. (Eds.), Ecological Animal Husbanddry in the Nordic Countries. Proceedings from NJF-seminar No. 303, pp Horsens, Denmark September Dransfield, E., Ngapo, T.M., Nielsen, N.A., Bredahl, L., Sjöden, P.O., Magnusson, M., Campo, M.M., Nute, G.R., Consumer choice and suggested price for pork as influenced by its appearance, taste and information concerning country of origin and organic pig production. Meat Sci. 69, Enfält, A.C., Lundström, K., Hasson, I., Lundeheim, N., Nyström, P.E., Effect of outdoor rearing and sire breed on carcass composition and sensory and technological meat quality. Meat Sci. 45, Fisher, K., and Linder, J.P., Bonn, Germany: VDLUFA-Verlag, Folch, J., Lee, M., Sloan-Stanley, G.H., A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissue. J. Biol. Chem. 226, 497. Hansen, L.L., Bejerholm, C., Claudi, M.C., Andersen, H.J., Effects of organic feeding including roughage on pig performance, technological meat quality and the eating of the pork. In (Vol. Basel, Switzerland, 28 to 31 August, , 288;1 ref.), p Hansen, L.L., Claudi-Magnussen, C., Jensen, S.K., Andersen, H.J., Effect of organic pig production systems on performance and meat quality. Meat Sci. 74, Heyer, A., Andersson, H.K., Lundstr, ö m, K., Performance, carcass and technological meat quality of pigs in indoor and outdoor production systems. Acta Agric. Scand., A. 56, Högberg, A., Pickova, J., Andersson, K., Lundström, K., Fatty acid composition and tocopherol content of muscle in pigs fed organic and conventional feed with different n6/n3 ratios, respectively. Food Chem. 80, Honikel, K.O., Hamm, R., In: Pearson, A.M., Dutson, T.R. (Eds.), Advances in Meat Research, vol. 9. Chapman and Hall, Glasgow, UK. Hwang, I.H., Park, B.Y., Cho, S.H., Kim, J.H., Lee, J.M., Identification of muscle proteins related to objective meat quality in Korean native black pig. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 17, IFOAM, International Federation of the Organic Agriculture Movements: Basic Standards for Organic Agriculture and Food Processing, 10th edition. SÖL, Bad Dürchheim. Jin, S.K., Kim, C.W., Song, Y.M., Jang, W.H., Kim, Y.B., Yeo, J.S., Kim, J.W., Kang, K.H., Physicochemical charcteristics of longissimus muscle between the Korean native pig and landlace. Kor. J. Food Sci. Anim. Res. 21,
7 102 D.H. Kim et al. / Livestock Science 120 (2009) Josäll, A., Johanson, L., Lundstrom, K., Anderson, K.H., Nilsen, A.N., Risvik, E., Effects of genotype and rearing system on sensory characteristics and preference for pork. Food Qual. Prefer. 13 (2), Krzywicki, K., Assessment of relative content of myoglobin, oxymyoglobin and metmyoglobin at the surface of beef. Meat Sci. 3, Malcolm, C.B., Texture profile analysis. Food Technol. 32, Millet, S., Hesta, M., Seynaeve, M., Ongenae, E., De Smet, S., Debraekeleer, J., Janssens, G.P.J., Performance, meat and carcass traits of fattening pigs with organic versus conventional housing and nutrition. Livest. Prod. Sci. 87, Millet, S., Raes, K., Van den Broeck, W., De Smet, S., Janssens, G.P.J., Performance and meat quality of organically versus conventionally fed and housed pigs from weaning till slaughtering. Meat Sci. 69, Ministry of Agriculture and Forest,. Major statistics trend in agriculture products. Korea. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, National regulation on Korean organic farming standard. Morrison, W.R., Smith, L.M., Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethylacetals from lipids with boron fluoridemethanol. J. Lipid Res. 5, Nilzen, V., Babol, J., Dutta, P.C., Lundeheim, N., Enfalt, A.C., Lundstrom, K., Free range rearing of pigs with access to pasture grazing effect on fatty acid composition and lipid oxidation products. Meat Sci. 58 (3), Nürnberg, K., Wegner, J., Ender, K., Factors influencing fat composition in muscle and adipose tissue of farm animals. Livest. Prod. Sci. 56, Olsson, V., Andersson, K., Hansson, I., Lundström, Differences in meat quality between organically and conventionally produced pigs. Meat Sci. 64 (3), Park, B.Y., Kim, N.K., Lee, C.S., Hwang, I.H., Effect of fiber type on postmortem proteolysis in longisimus muscle of Landrace and Korean native black pigs. Meat Sci. 77 (4), Petersen, J.S., Henckel, P., Oksbjerg, N., Sorensen, M.T., Adaptions in muscle fibre characteristics induced by physical activity in pigs. Anim. Sci. 66, RDA, Korean Native Black Pig (standard farm textbook-121). Rural Development Administration, Korea, pp SAS, Applied Statistics and the SAS Programming Language. SAS Institute INC, Cary, NC, USA. Sather, A.P., Jones, S.D.M., Schaefer, A.L., Colyn, J., Robertson, W.M., Feedlot performance, carcass composition and meat quality of free range reared pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77 (2), Sundrum, A., Organic livestock farming. A critical review. Livest. Prod. Sci. 67, Sundrum, A., Bütfering, L., Henning, M., Hoppenbrock, K.H., Effects of on-farm diets for organic pig production on performance and carcass quality. J. Anim. Sci. 78, Therkildsen, M., Melchior Larsen, L., Bang, H.G., Vestergaard, M., Effects of growth rate on tenderness development and final tenderness of meat from Friesian calves. Anim. Sci. 74, Van der Wal, P.G., Mateman, G., de Vires, A.W., Vonder, G.M.A., Smulders, F.J.M., Geesink, G.H., Engel, B., Free range pigs: carcass composition, meat quality and taste-panel studies. Meat Sci. 34, Wheeler, T.L., Shackelford, S.D., Koohmaraie, M., Relationship of beef longissimus tenderness classes to tenderness of gluteus medius, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris. J. Anim. Sci. 78, Wood, J.D., Enser, M., Factors influencing fatty acids in meat and the role of antioxidants in improving meat quality. Br. J. Nutr. 78, S49 S60.
INFLUENCE OF REARING SPACE ON THE CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY OF PIGS
INFLUENCE OF REARING SPACE ON THE CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY OF PIGS Viktoras Liorancas, E-mail.: viktoras@lva.lt, Bronius Bakutis, E-mail.: zoohig@lva.lt, Gražina Januskevicienė, E-mail.: grazinaj@lva.lt
More informationIMPACT OF PRE-SLAUGHTER WITHDRAWAL OF VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS ON PIG PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY. conditions was not addressed in the present study.
IMPACT OF PRE-SLAUGHTER WITHDRAWAL OF VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS ON PIG PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY John F. Patience and Doug Gillis SUMMARY Research reported in last year s Annual Report indicated that withdrawal
More informationFATTY ACID COMPOSITION AND EATING QUALITY OF MUSCLE FROM STEERS OFFERED GRAZED GRASS, GRASS SILAGE OR CONCENTRATE-BASED DIETS
ID # 19-15 FATTY ACID COMPOSITION AND EATING QUALITY OF MUSCLE FROM STEERS OFFERED GRAZED GRASS, GRASS SILAGE OR CONCENTRATE-BASED DIETS A.P. Moloney and P. French. Teagasc, Grange Research Centre, Dunsany,
More informationIMPLANT EFFECTS ON CARCASS COMPOSITION AND MEAT QUALITY AS AFFECTED BY DIET
IMPLANT EFFECTS ON CARCASS COMPOSITION AND MEAT QUALITY AS AFFECTED BY DIET P. L. McEwen 1 and I.B. Mandell 2 1 Department of Animal & Poultry Science, Ridgetown College - University of Guelph 2 Department
More informationEFFECTS OF GLYCEROL AND RACTOPAMINE HCL (PAYLEAN) ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS, AND LOIN QUALITY OF FINISHING PIGS 1,2
Swine Day 008 EFFECTS OF GLYCEROL AND RACTOPAMINE HCL (PAYLEAN) ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS, AND LOIN QUALITY OF FINISHING PIGS, A. W. Duttlinger, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S.
More informationDr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science
Dr. Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota Pigs are what they eat Diet fatty acid (FA) composition affects FA profile in pork fat FA composition varies among adipose tissue
More informationBody Composition and Sensory Characteristics of Pork from CLA-Fed Pigs
Body Composition and Sensory Characteristics of Pork from CLA-Fed Pigs R.L. Thiel-Cooper, graduate research assistant, F.C. Parrish, Jr., professor, Animal Science and Food Science and Human Nutrition,
More informationEffects of Feeding Calcium Salts of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) to Finishing Steers
Beef Research Report, 2001 Animal Science Research Reports 2002 Effects of Feeding Calcium Salts of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) to Finishing Steers Kevin Gassman Iowa State University F. C. Parrish
More informationEFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL VITAMIN D 3 ON MEAT TENDERNESS 1
EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL VITAMIN D 3 ON MEAT TENDERNESS 1 S. S. Swanek 2, J.B. Morgan 3, F.N. Owens 5, H.G. Dolezal 4, and D.R. Gill 5 Story In Brief Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of
More informationEffect of organic pig production systems on performance and meat quality
Meat Science 74 (2006) 605 615 MEAT SCIENCE www.elsevier.com/locate/meatsci Effect of organic pig production systems on performance and meat quality L.L. Hansen a, *, C. Claudi-Magnussen b, S.K. Jensen
More informationEFFECTS OF INCREASING GLYCEROL AND DRIED DISTILLERS GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF FINISHING PIGS 1,2
Swine Day 008 EFFECTS OF INCREASING GLYCEROL AND DRIED DISTILLERS GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF FINISHING PIGS, A. W. Duttlinger, J. M. Benz, T. A. Houser,
More informationP *.+* ,. +- / + Kjos,*** +33+ Tang,*** ,**. ,**,,**. : fax : *, ** mmitsuru a#rc.go.jp
a + + -/3+ + -002/01,/ +, /,0 - +1 0 P./ P.+ P./ P.+ 11 (-) :.3.+0,,0,. +- / + ph -./../,.,,,.,.,/ Kjos, ++2 +33+ Tang, 0 : a,/,2/+ : fax :,32-220 e-mail : mmitsurua#rc.go.jp 11 - :.3.+0,,0.3 +,2 +3./
More information*Corresponding author: ABSTRACT
Meat Quality and Safety EFFECT OF DIETARY VEGETABLE OIL (SUNFLOWER, LINSEED) AND VITAMIN E SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION, OXIDATIVE STABILITY AND QUALITY OF RABBIT MEAT Zsédely E. 1 *,
More informationAssessment of growth performance and meat quality of finishing pigs raised on the low plane of nutrition
Choi et al. Journal of Animal Science and Technology (2015) 57:37 DOI 10.1186/s40781-015-0070-4 RESEARCH Assessment of growth performance and meat quality of finishing pigs raised on the low plane of nutrition
More informationEvaluation of Chinese Brown Rice as an Alternative Energy Source in Pig Diets**
89 Evaluation of Chinese Brown Rice as an Alternative Energy Source in Pig Diets** X. S. Piao*, Defa Li, In K. Han, Y. Chen, J. H. Lee, D. Y. Wang, J. B. Li and D. F. Zhang Ministry of Agricultural Feed
More informationL. A. Kinman, D. L. VanOverbeke, C. R. Richards, R. B. Hicks and J. W. Dillwith STORY IN BRIEF
Influence of feeding various levels of wet and dry distillers grains to yearling steers on carcass characteristics, meat quality, fatty acid profile and retail case life of longissimus muscle L. A. Kinman,
More information20 th Int. Symp. Animal Science Days, Kranjska gora, Slovenia, Sept. 19 th 21 st, 2012.
20 th Int. Symp. Animal Science Days, Kranjska gora, Slovenia, Sept. 19 th 21 st, 2012. COBISS: 1.08 Agris category code: L10 Fatty acid composition of muscle in Krškopolje pigs and hybrids 12 1 Marjeta
More informationTECHNIQUES TO EVALUATE MEAT COMPOSITION AND QUALITY
TECHNIQUES TO EVALUATE MEAT COMPOSITION AND QUALITY Dr. Ma. ÀNGELS OLIVER Finca Camps i Armet, s/n 17121 Monells (Girona) MEAT QUALITY CAN BE DEFINED WITH THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS: ph Co lo r Water Holding
More informationFeeding Feedlot Steers Fish Oil Differentially Enhances the Fatty Acid Composition of Muscle Tissue 1
Feeding Feedlot Steers Fish Oil Differentially Enhances the Fatty Acid Composition of Muscle Tissue 1 T.J. Wistuba 2,3, E.B. Kegley 2, J.K. Apple 2, and D.C. Rule 4 Story in Brief Inclusion of fish oil,
More informationThe fatty acid profiles in M. longissimus dorsi and M. semimembranosus of short-haired and long-haired crossbred sheep meat
The fatty acid profiles in M. longissimus dorsi and M. semimembranosus of short-haired and long-haired Pattraphorn Patthararangsarith 1 and Kunya Tuntivisoottikul 1,* 1 Agricultural Education Department,
More informationFATTY ACID PROFILE OF VARIOUS ADIPOSE TISSUE DEPOTS IN BULLS OF DIFFERENT BREEDS
63th Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production (EAAP) Bratislava, Slovakia, 27-31 August 2012 Session 11: Breeding and management for meat, milk and product quality, poster number:
More informationAuthors: Key Words: Vitamin E, Vitamin D 3, Shelf-Life, Tenderness, Beef Color
1999 Animal Science Research Report Authors: EFFECTS OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF FEEDLOT STEERS WITH VITAMINS E AND D 3 ON LIVE PERFORMANCE, CARCASS TRAITS, SHELF-LIFE ATTRIBUTES AND LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE
More informationC. Feoli, J. D. Hancock, D. H. Kropf, S. Issa, T. L. Gugle, and S. D. Carter 1
Swine Day 2008 EFFECTS OF ADDING SATURATED FAT TO DIETS WITH SORGHUM-BASED DRIED DISTILLERS GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS IN FINISHING PIGS C. Feoli, J. D. Hancock,
More informationEffect of the Halothane and Rendement Napole Genes on Carcass and Meat Quality Characteristics of Pigs.
Effect of the Halothane and Rendement Napole Genes on Carcass and Meat Quality Characteristics of Pigs. Daniel N. Hamilton, Mike Ellis, K. Douglas Miller, Floyd K. McKeith, and Douglas F. Parrett Department
More informationEFFECT OF THE DIETARY N-3 AND N-6 FATTY ACIDS ON TEXTURE PROPERTIES AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF RABBIT MEAT
Meat Quality and Safety EFFECT OF THE DIETARY N-3 AND N-6 FATTY ACIDS ON TEXTURE PROPERTIES AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF RABBIT MEAT Hernández P. *, Pla M. Institute for Animal Science and Technology,
More informationImproved texture of breast meat after a short finishing feeding period of broilers in an organic free-range system
Improved texture of breast meat after a short finishing feeding period of broilers in an organic free-range system M. THERKILDSEN 1*, K. HORSTED 2 and S. STEENFELDT 3 1 Department of Food Science, Aarhus
More informationThe effect of linseed expeller supplementation on growth, carcass traits and meat colour of finishing gilts
The effect of linseed expeller supplementation on growth, carcass traits and meat colour of finishing gilts E.García-Hernandez, M.Tor, D.Villalba, J. Álvarez-Rodríguez. Department of Animal Science INTRODUCTION
More informationnutrition, vitamin levels in other ingredients and level of metabolic precursors in the diet. Summary
Swine Day 2001 Contents INFLUENCE OF INCREASING NIACIN ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF GROW-FINISH PIGS REARED IN A COMMERCIAL ENVIRONMENT 1 D. E. Real, J. L. Nelssen, J. A. Unruh,
More informationProtein Deposition in Growing and Finishing Pigs
1 Protein Deposition in Growing and Finishing Pigs DETERMINING WHOLE BODY PROTEIN DEPOSITION RATES IN PIGS. Mark L. Lorschy, Doug A. Gillis, John F. Patience and Kees de Lange. Summary There is controversy
More informationEffect of diets on bovine muscle composition and sensory quality characteristics
Effect of diets on bovine muscle composition and sensory quality characteristics Gagaoua M. 1 2, Micol D. 1, Hocquette J-F. 1, Moloney A.P 3, Nuernberg K. 4, Bauchart D. 1, Scollan N. D. 5, Richardson
More informationNUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF EGGS FROM HENS FED WITH DDGS
NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF EGGS FROM HENS FED WITH Yan Zhang National Corn to Ethanol Research Center Southern Illinois University Edwardsville and Jill K. Winkler-Moser National Center for Agricultural Utilization
More informationEFFECTS OF INCREASING DIETARY DRIED DISTILLERS GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES AND GLYCEROL ON PORK LOIN QUALITY 1,2
Swine Day 008 EFFECTS OF INCREASING DIETARY DRIED DISTILLERS GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES AND GLYCEROL ON PORK LOIN QUALITY, A. N. Gipe, T. A. Houser, A. W. Duttlinger, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. M. DeRouchey,
More informationEffect of dietary leucine levels on carcass composition, meat quality, and growth performance in finishing pigs 1
Effect of dietary leucine levels on carcass composition, meat quality, and growth performance in finishing pigs 1 Young Hyun, Mike Ellis, Glenn Bressner, and Dave Baker Department of Animal Sciences Introduction
More informationGenetic Correlations of Fatty Acid Concentrations with Carcass Traits in Angus-Sired Beef Cattle
Animal Industry Report AS 654 ASL R2285 2008 Genetic Correlations of Fatty Acid Concentrations with Carcass Traits in Angus-Sired Beef Cattle Richard G. Tait Jr., rtait@iastate.edu Shu Zhang Travis Knight
More informationThe Influence of Delayed Chilling on Beef Tenderness
The Influence of Delayed Chilling on Beef Tenderness P. A. Will, R. L. Henrickson, R. D. Morrison Story in Brief The removal of muscle and muscle systems before initial chilling of the bovine carcass has
More informationCONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS With increasing consumer demand for lean meat, the relationship between fatness and eating quality as well as healthy lean meat portions has become the focus point for
More informationEffects of Pelleting and Diet Type on Growth Performance, Carcass Yield, and Iodine Value of Finishing Pigs 1,2
SWINE DAY 0 Effects of Pelleting and Diet Type on Growth Performance, Carcass Yield, and Iodine Value of Finishing Pigs, J.E. Nemechek, M.D. Tokach, S.S. Dritz, R.D. Goodband, J.M. DeRouchey, and J.C.
More informationDostálová A., Koucký M., Vališ L., Šimečková M. Institute of Animal Science Prague, Czech Republic.
EVALUATION OF FATTENING PERFORMANCE, CARCASS TRAITS AND MEAT CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESTICE BLACK-PIED PIGS IN THE FREE- RANGE AND SYSTEM. Dostálová A., Koucký M., Vališ L., Šimečková M. dostalova.anne@vuzv.cz
More informationEFFECTS OF BREED OF SIRE AND AGE-SEASON OF FEEDING ON MUSCLE TENDERNESS IN THE BEEF CHUCK
EFFECTS OF BREED OF SIRE AND AGE-SEASON OF FEEDING ON MUSCLE TENDERNESS IN THE BEEF CHUCK K L. Christensen, D. D. Johnson, D. D. Hargrove, R. L. West and T. T. Marshall SUMMARY Steers (n = 59) produced
More informationSupplemental Vitamin C Alleviates the Negative Effect of High Sulfur on Meat Quality
Supplemental Vitamin C Alleviates the Negative Effect of High Sulfur on Meat Quality A.S. Leaflet R2766 Danielle Pogge, Graduate Student; Steven Lonergan, Professor in animal science; Stephanie Hansen,
More informationMARBLING OF MEAT I. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICO-TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF COWS MEAT
2011 CVŽV ISSN 1337-9984 MARBLING OF MEAT I. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICO-TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF COWS MEAT K. Zaujec*, M. GONDEKOVÁ Animal Production Research Centre Nitra, Lužianky, Slovak Republic ABSTRACT
More informationFactors controlling fatty acid composition and meat quality in pork and other meats
PORK QUALITY Factors controlling fatty acid composition and meat quality in pork and other meats J. D. Wood, R. I. Richardson, G. R. Nute, F. M. Whittington, S. I. Hughes, and K. G. Hallett Summary This
More informationOPPORTUNITIES TO PRODUCE HEALTHIER BEEF
Lucrări ştiinńifice Zootehnie şi Biotehnologii, vol. 41 (2) (2008), Timişoara OPPORTUNITIES TO PRODUCE HEALTHIER BEEF POSIBILITĂłI DE A PRODUCE CARNE DE VITĂ MAI SĂNĂTOASĂ HOLLÓ G*., KOVÁCS Á**., ZSARNÓCZAY
More informationThe Effect of the Time of Feeding Prior to Slaughter of Supplemental Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate on Pork Quality.
The Effect of the Time of Feeding rior to Slaughter of Supplemental Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate on ork Quality. Mike Hemann 1, Mike Ellis 1, Floyd McKeith 1, Doug Miller 1, and Ken urser 2 1 University
More informationINFLUENCE OF DIETARY NIACIN ON FINISHING PIG PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY
Swine Day 2000 Contents INFLUENCE OF DIETARY NIACIN ON FINISHING PIG PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY D. E. Real, J. L. Nelssen, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, S. S. Dritz 1, J. A. Unruh, J. M. DeRouchey, J.
More informationCOMPARISON AND EVALUATION OF AWASSI LAMBS FATTENING SYSTEMS IN PALESTINE.
Egyptian J. Nutrition and Feeds (2002) 5 (I): 23-29 COMPARISON AND EVALUATION OF AWASSI LAMBS FATTENING SYSTEMS IN PALESTINE. W. HainmacI 1, J. Abo Omar", R. Otlunan" and H. Shanti 1-Ministry of Agriculture,
More informationSUPPLEMENTAL VITAMIN D 3 AND BEEF TENDERNESS
SUPPLEMENTAL VITAMIN D 3 AND BEEF TENDERNESS 1999 Animal Science Research Report Authors: Story in Brief Pages 59-66 S.S. Swanek, N.A. Elam, J.B. Morgan, F.N. Owens, D.R. Gill, C.A. Strasia, H.G. Dolezal
More informationTHE INFLUENCE OF CORN SILAGE HYBRID VARIETY ON BEEF STEER GROWTH PERFORMANCE. Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph
THE INFLUENCE OF CORN SILAGE HYBRID VARIETY ON BEEF STEER GROWTH PERFORMANCE P.L. McEwen 1 and J.G. Buchanan-Smith 2 1 Animal and Poultry Science Department, Ridgetown College of Agricultural Technology
More informationSensory Characteristics of Loins from Pigs Fed Glycerol and Ractopamine HCl During the Last 28 Days of Finishing 1,2
Sensory Characteristics of Loins from Pigs Fed Glycerol and Ractopamine HCl During the Last 28 Days of Finishing 1,2 A. W. Duttlinger, T. A. Houser, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz 3, J. L.
More informationMeat Quality; F t a / t/ M arbling
Meat Quality; Fat/ Marbling Levels of Fat Subcutaneous Fat = Directly under hide Internal Fat = KPH, Viseral, mesenteric fat Intermuscular Fat = Seam fat Intramuscular Fat = w/in perimysium (marbling)
More informationNutritional requirements
Nutritional requirements Foraging behavior Rooting : Seeds, roots, rhizomes, tubers, acorns, nuts, fruit, berries, fungi, insects, earthworms and small animals as snakes and toads. Grazing: Vegetation.
More informationFREE-RANGE GROWING PIGS - EFFECT OF FEEDING STRATEGY AND GENOTYPE ON ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR, PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY
1 AARHUS FREE-RANGE GROWING PIGS - EFFECT OF FEEDING STRATEGY AND GENOTYPE ON ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR, PERFORMANCE AND MEAT QUALITY ANNE GRETE KONGSTED, MARGRETHE THERKILDSEN AND JOHN E HERMANSEN LOW MARKET SHARE
More informationEffects of Ractopamine and Carnitine in Diets Containing 5% Fat for Finishing Pigs
Effects of Ractopamine and Carnitine in Diets Containing 5% Fat for Finishing Pigs S. A. Trapp 1, B. T. Richert 1, A. P. Schinckel 1, and K. Q. Owen 2 1 Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University
More informationGrowth and Characterization of Individual Backfat Layers and Their Relationship to Pork Carcass Quality
Introduction Growth and Characterization of Individual Layers and Their Relationship to Pork Carcass Quality J.M. Eggert, A.P. Schinckel, S.E. Mills, J.C. Forrest, D.E. Gerrard, E.J. Farrand, B.C. Bowker,
More informationIntramuscular fat content has little influence on the eating quality of fresh pork loin chops 1
Published December 5, 2014 Intramuscular fat content has little influence on the eating quality of fresh pork loin chops 1 P. J. Rincker,* J. Killefer,* M. Ellis,* M. S. Brewer, and F. K. McKeith* 2 *Department
More informationTHE EFFECT OF BREED GROUP AND AGE AT FEEDING ON BEEF CARCASS COMPOSITION
THE EFFECT OF BREED GROUP AND AGE AT FEEDING ON BEEF CARCASS COMPOSITION D. D. Johnson, R. D. Huffman, S. E. Williams and D. D. Hargrove SUMMARY Steers of known percentages of Brahman (B) and Angus (A)
More informationJ. M. Benz, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz 2, J. L. Nelssen, J. M. DeRouchey, and R. D. Goodband
Swine Day 2007 EFFECTS OF INCREASING ADDED CHOICE WHITE GREASE IN CORN AND SORGHUM-BASED DIETS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND FAT QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF FINISHING PIGS 1 J. M. Benz, M. D. Tokach, S. S.
More informationGenetics of pork quality. D. W. Newcom, T. J. Baas, and K. J. Stalder. Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
Genetics of pork quality D. W. Newcom, T. J. Baas, and K. J. Stalder Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA Introduction Fresh pork quality has become important and has received more
More informationEffects of Dried Cassava Pulp as a Source of Energy on Growth Performance and Carcass Quality in Fattening Beef Cattle
CMU.J.Nat.Sci.Special Issue on Agricultural & Natural Resources (2012) Vol.11 (1) 309 Effects of Dried Cassava Pulp as a Source of Energy on Growth Performance and Carcass Quality in Fattening Beef Cattle
More informationComparison of Fatty Acid Composition Between White Lamphun and Brahman Crossbred Cattle Raised with Fresh Pangola Grass
CMU.J.Nat.Sci.Special Issue on Agricultural & Natural Resources (2012) Vol.11 (1) 303 Comparison of Fatty Acid Composition Between White Lamphun and Brahman Crossbred Cattle Raised with Fresh Pangola Grass
More informationEFFECTS OF VITAMINS AND MINERAL PROTEINATES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND PORK QUALITY IN FINISHING PIGS
Swine Day 2000 Contents EFFECTS OF VITAMINS AND MINERAL PROTEINATES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND PORK QUALITY IN FINISHING PIGS J. S. Park, J. D. Hancock, D. H. Kropf, K. A. Hachmeister, R. H. Hines, C. L.
More informationChanges in the composition of red meat
Changes in the composition of red meat Prof HC Schönfeldt & Ms N Hall Institute of Food, Nutrition & Well-being Content Introduction composition of red meat Overview of classification system Case 1: Local
More informationPoultry Muscle Profiles
Poultry Muscle Profiles Overview of poultry processing Stun Exsanguination Scald Pick Chill, USDA
More informationT: +27(0) Food Science Division Department of Microbial, Biochemical & Food Biotechnology
T: +27(0)51 401 9111 info@ufs.ac.za www.ufs.ac.za Food Science Division Department of Microbial, Biochemical & Food Biotechnology Introduction What is Beef Fat Health & Nutritional implications of Beef
More informationSession Quality of products
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11 th WORLD RABBIT CONGRESS Qingdao (China) - June 15-18, 2016 ISSN 2308-1910 Session Quality of products Moumen S., Melizi M., Zerrouki N. THE EVALUATION OF ORGANOLEPTIC PARAMETERS
More informationSwiss Federal Research Station for Animal Production and Dairy Products, Posieux 1725, Switzerland
Free-range rearing of pigs during the winter: Adaptations in muscle fiber characteristics and effects on adipose tissue composition and meat quality traits 1 G. Bee 2, G. Guex, and W. Herzog Swiss Federal
More informationAPPLYING HACCP SYSTEM AT AN ESTABLISHMENT PRODUCING PELLETED COMPOUND FEEDS. I. STUDY AND DEVELOPMENT OF HACCP PLAN
APPLYING HACCP SYSTEM AT AN ESTABLISHMENT PRODUCING PELLETED COMPOUND FEEDS. I. STUDY AND DEVELOPMENT OF HACCP PLAN PAPPA, A.M. 1, DROSINOS, E.H. 2 and ZOIOPOULOS, P.E. 1 1. Laboratory of Animal Production,
More information7 THE FATTY ACID AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF CHEVON
7 THE FATTY ACID AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF CHEVON 7.1 INTRODUCTION Several studies have indicated that chevon has a salubrious fatty acid profile and therefore suggested that the meat is ideal for
More information(Key Words: Implants, Holstein, Tenderness, Yields, Beef.)
EFFECTS OF AGE-CLASS AND IMPLANT PROTOCOL ON HOLSTEIN STEER CARCASS DESIRABILITY B. A. Gardner 1, T.L. Gardner 1, H. G. Dolezal 2, K. K. Novotny 3, M. Moldenhauer 4, and D. M. Allen 5 Story In Brief Ten
More informationThe Effect on Pig s Growth and Meat Quality from PRIMOS 25, an Applied Microbial Mixed Feed
Anrisa Limited The Effect on Pig s Growth and Meat Quality from PRIMOS 25, an Applied Microbial Mixed Feed English Version, Based on Original Japanese Test Report No 58951 issued by Kagawa Prefectural
More informationEffect of Washing on Quality Improvement of Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat
Effect of Washing on Quality Improvement of Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat Cho Cho Thein 1* and Kanithaporn Vangnai 2 ABSTRACT Mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) is obtained from the skeletal
More informationTECHNICAL NOTE. Challenges and solutions to problems in pork quality
TECHNICAL NOTE Challenges and solutions to problems in pork quality Friedrich Weißmann About Meat quality is not particularly well served by modern pig breeding programs. This has led to failures in meat
More informationDr. Jerry Shurson, Dr. Guowu Xu, Dr. Sam Baidoo, and Dr.Lee Johnston. University of Minnesota
Impact of fincreasing Dietary Levels of DDGS and Dietary Withdrawal Pre- Harvest, on Growth hperformance, Carcass and Pork Quality of Grower-Finisher Pigs Dr. Jerry Shurson, Dr. Guowu Xu, Dr. Sam Baidoo,
More informationPolicy Department Structural and Cohesion Policies REGULATION IN AUSTRALIA, CANADA, JAPAN AND UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ON FISHMEAL USE FOR FEEDSTUFF
Directorate-General Internal Policies of the Union Policy Department Structural and Cohesion Policies FISHERIES REGULATION IN AUSTRALIA, CANADA, JAPAN AND UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ON FISHMEAL USE FOR FEEDSTUFF
More informationThe effects of corn silage feeding level on steer growth performance, feed intake and carcass composition.
The effects of corn silage feeding level on steer growth performance, feed intake and carcass composition. Summary The influence of corn silage feeding level was examined on eighty-three Charolais crossbred
More informationCOMPARISON OF VITAMIN E, NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS AND ANTIOXIDANT COMBINATIONS ON THE LEAN COLOR AND RETAIL CASE-LIFE OF GROUND BEEF PATTIES
1999 Animal Science Research Report Authors: Amy E. Down, J. B. Morgan and H.G. Dolezal COMPARISON OF VITAMIN E, NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS AND ANTIOXIDANT COMBINATIONS ON THE LEAN COLOR AND RETAIL CASE-LIFE
More informationEffects of chicory roots on finishing performance and CLA and fatty acid composition in longissimus muscle of Friesian steers
CSLMP 5.9 Mogens.Vestergaard@agrsci.dk Effects of chicory roots on finishing performance and CLA and fatty acid composition in longissimus muscle of Friesian steers Mogens Vestergaard, H. Refsgaard Andersen,
More informationEFFECTS OF ENERGY INTAKE LEVEL DURING THE GROWING PHASE ON FEEDLOT STEER PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS COMPOSITION
EFFECTS OF ENERGY INTAKE LEVEL DURING THE GROWING PHASE ON FEEDLOT STEER PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS COMPOSITION SUMMARY G. N. Hermesmeyer, L. L. Berger, and T. G. Nash Two experiments were conducted to evaluate
More informationEffects of Dietary L-Carnitine and DDGS on Growth, Carcass Characteristics, and Loin and Fat Quality of Growing-Finishing Pigs 1
Effects of Dietary L-Carnitine and DDGS on Growth, Carcass Characteristics, and Loin and Fat Quality of Growing-Finishing Pigs W. Ying, J. M. DeRouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz 2, R. D. Goodband, T.
More informationAnimal fats. High quality fats for high quality feeds
Animal fats High quality fats for high quality feeds This leaflet is meant to review the nutritional benefits and update the knowledge on using animal fats for animal feeds. The changed legislation raised
More informationContribution to a better definition of the production standards of the lamb Borrego do Nordeste Alentejano - PGI
Contribution to a better definition of the production standards of the lamb Borrego do Nordeste Alentejano - PGI J. Santos-Silva 1 ; A. Esteves 2 ; N. Alexandre 2 ; S. Alves, 1 ; A.P. Portugal 1 ; I.A.
More informationManipulating Pork Quality through Production and Pre-Slaughter Handling
Manipulating Pork Quality through Production and Pre-Slaughter Handling Nather Aziz Maple Leaf Pork, 2010 Winston Park Drive, Suite 200, Oakville, ON L6H 5R7 Email: azizna@ mapleleaf.ca Summary Pre-slaughter
More informationEFFECT OF DIETS CONTAINING WHOLE WHITE LUPIN SEEDS ON MILK COMPOSITION AND YIELD OF RABBIT DOES AND PERFORMANCE AND HEALTH OF THEIR LITTERS
World Rabbit Science Association Proceedings 10 th World Rabbit Congress September 3-6, 2012 Sharm El- Sheikh Egypt, 585-589 EFFECT OF DIETS CONTAINING WHOLE WHITE LUPIN SEEDS ON MILK COMPOSITION AND YIELD
More informationSummary. Procedures. (Key Words: Sorghum, Distillers Grains, Waxy, Endosperm, Finishing Pigs.) Introduction
Swine Day 1998 EFFECTS OF WHOLE GRAIN AND DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES FROM NORMAL AND HETEROWAXY ENDOSPERM SORGHUMS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY, AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS
More informationPotential for Fish Meal Analog as a Replacement for Fish Meal in Early-Weaned Pig Diets
Potential for Fish Meal Analog as a Replacement for Fish Meal in Early-Weaned Pig Diets C.V. Maxwell 1, M.E. Davis 1, D.C. Brown 1, P. Bond 2, and Z.B. Johnson 1 Story in Brief A total of 288 pigs (20
More informationFATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION OF FISH, LINSEED AND RAPESEED OILS
Short Communication FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION OF FISH, LINSEED AND RAPESEED OILS S. Ezhil Valavan 1, B Mohan, P Selvaraj, S. C. Edwin, K. Mani, R. Amutha and A. Bharathidhasan Directorate of Distance Education
More informationNutritional Content of Game Meat
B-920R August 2002 Nutritional Content of Game Meat Lydia C. Medeiros, Jan R. Busboon, Ray A.. Field, Janet C. Williams, Glenn J. Miller, and Betty Holmes Departments of Family and Consumer Sciences and
More informationNUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF GROW-FINISH PIGS: ENERGY
NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF GROW-FINISH PIGS: ENERGY AND FEED EFFICIENCY John F. Patience, Ph.D. Applied Swine Nutrition Dept. of Animal Science Iowa State University THINGS ARE NOT ALWAYS WHAT THEY SEEM
More informationPossible Muscle Fiber Characteristics in the Selection for Improvement in Porcine Lean Meat Production and Quality
1529 Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 21, No. 10 : 1529-1534 October 2008 www.ajas.info Possible Muscle Fiber Characteristics in the Selection for Improvement in Porcine Lean Meat Production and Quality
More informationEfficacy of Pantothenic Acid as a Modifier of Body Composition in Pigs
Animal Industry Report AS 650 ASL R1955 2004 Efficacy of Pantothenic Acid as a Modifier of Body Composition in Pigs T. R. Lutz B. A. Autrey Tim S. Stahly Recommended Citation Lutz, T. R.; Autrey, B. A.;
More informationFeeding Oilseeds To Beef Cattle
Feeding Oilseeds To Beef Cattle J. McKinnon*, H. Block*, V. Racz* & S. Scott** Department of Animal & Poultry Science Saskatoon, Saskatchewan University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sk. Agriculture & Agri-Food
More informationDietary PUFA intervention affects fatty acidand micronutrient profiles of beef and related beef products
1 st MDPI-Lincoln University International Conference on Foods Dietary PUFA intervention affects fatty acidand micronutrient profiles of beef and related beef products D. Dannenberger, K. Nürnberg, A.
More informationDetermining the threonine requirement of the high-producing lactating sow. D.R. Cooper, J.F. Patience, R.T. Zijlstra and M.
66 Determining the threonine requirement of the high-producing lactating sow D.R. Cooper, J.F. Patience, R.T. Zijlstra and M. Rademacher Introduction There are two steps in the design of a feeding strategy.
More informationEffect of Glycerol Level in Feedlot Finishing Diets on Animal Performance V.L. Anderson and B.R. Ilse NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center
Effect of Glycerol Level in Feedlot Finishing Diets on Animal Performance V.L. Anderson and B.R. Ilse NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center Abstract Yearling heifers (n = 132) were purchased from a
More informationGrowth and Carcass Characteristics of Pigs Fed Bt and Non-Bt Corn and Harvested at US and European Market Weights
Animal Industry Report AS 650 ASL R1953 2004 Growth and Carcass Characteristics of Pigs Fed Bt and Non-Bt Corn and Harvested at US and European Market Weights Maareen G. Custodio Iowa State University
More informationEffects on Bacon Quality of Feeding Increasing Glycerol and Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles to Finishing Pigs
Effects on Bacon Quality of Feeding Increasing Glycerol and Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles to Finishing Pigs B. L. Goehring, T. A. Houser, J. M. DeRouchey, M. C. Hunt, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband,
More informationFactors affecting fatty acid composition and dietetic value of beef*
Animal Science Papers and Reports vol. 23 (2005) no. 4, 261-267 Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzębiec, Poland Presented at the Conference Improving the quality of meat for the consumer
More informationApplication of Acid Solubilization Isoelectric Precipitation to Recover Protein from Low Value Red Meat
Application of Acid Solubilization Isoelectric Precipitation to Recover Protein from Low Value Red Meat J.M. James and C.A. Mireles DeWitt Story in Brief Three experiments were conducted to determine the
More informationInfluence of Effective Microorganisms on the Quality of Poultry Products Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods
Influence of Effective Microorganisms on the Quality of Poultry Products S. Chantsavang 1 and P. Watcharangkul 2 Department of Animal Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand 1 and Nutrition Division,
More informationEFFECTS OF CORN SOURCE AND FAT LEVEL ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF GROW-FINISH PIGS REARED IN A COMMERCIAL FACILITY 1
Swine Day 2003 EFFECTS OF CORN SOURCE AND FAT LEVEL ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF GROW-FINISH PIGS REARED IN A COMMERCIAL FACILITY 1 C.W. Hastad, M.D. Tokach, J.L. Nelssen, S.S. Dritz 2 R.D. Goodband, J.M.
More information