Is Dietary Fat Really Healthy?

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Is Dietary Fat Really Healthy?"

Transcription

1 Is Dietary Fat Really Healthy? by: Ray Geor, BVSc, PhD, Dipl. ACVIM November 2002 Marketing claims regarding the virtues of fat in equine diets are plentiful. Statements such as "Added dietary fat for improved performance," "Increased stamina," "Calm energy," or "Improved coat and hoof condition" abound. Indeed, at times it is easy to conclude that an increase in dietary fat is the solution to anything that ails a horse--the proverbial "best thing since sliced bread." Contrast this sentiment with the prevailing attitude toward dietary fat among human nutritionists and physicians. Diets high in saturated fat and cholesterol have long been associated with the development of coronary heart disease (when deposits of fat and cholesterol cause a narrowing of the arteries that supply blood to the heart, resulting in damage to the heart muscle). High-fat diets have also been blamed for the current epidemic in obesity throughout the Western world. However, this issue is hotly debated, and there now is evidence that consumption of excess sugar, rather than fat, underlies the tendency to gain weight. Should we have similar concerns regarding dietary fat for horses? Current evidence would suggest that there are few, if any, concerns associated with the use of fat in horse diets. On the other hand, it might be argued that there has been insufficient research in horses to allow us to give a definitive yes or no answer to this question. SOURCES OF DIETARY FAT Unless fat (e.g., some type of vegetable oil) is added to the diet, horse rations are very low in fat, typically less than 3-4% by weight. Some fat is needed to facilitate absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. The horse also needs small amounts of the essential fatty acids called linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids. In biochemical language, linoleic acid is termed an omega-6 fatty acid whereas alpha-linolenic acid is termed an omega-3 fatty acid. The difference between omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids relates to their chemical structure and the position of the double-bonds in the carbon backbone of the fatty acid. There is considerable interest in the dietary ratio of omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids; in particular, diets that promote an increase in omega-3 relative to omega-6 fatty acids are advocated because of purported health benefits (more on this later). In the last decade or so, there has been increasing use of supplemental vegetable oil in horse diets. Corn and soya oils are the most commonly used, although canola, linseed, or flaxseed oils can also be safely fed to horses. Flaxseed and linseed oils are both produced from flaxseed; flaxseed oil is cold-pressed whereas linseed oil is extracted under high temperature using petroleum-based solvents. Thus, flaxseed oil is a more "natural" feed ingredient, although rations with 4-8% linseed oil or flaxseed oil have been fed to horses without apparent problems. Other rich sources of vegetable fat include rice bran and copra meal. Rice bran is 18-22% fat while copra meal (a by-product of coconut processing) is 8-9% fat; both are good

2 sources of highly digestible fiber and are low in starch and sugar, and they are useful when a reduction in dietary starch is desired. Both, however, are naturally high in phosphorus and low in calcium. They should be used in limited amounts, especially if the calcium:phosphorus ratio of the total ration is not balanced. Pure rice bran oil is also available. The vegetable fats (e.g., corn or soy oil, rice bran) are quite palatable for horses. Animal tallows, on the other hand, are generally much less palatable and are not recommended. The horse's digestive system can manage reasonably large quantities of dietary fat, although there can be digestive upsets (diarrhea) if large amounts of oil are suddenly added to the diet. In general, the quantity of oil added to the diet should be increased gradually over a two- to three-week period. Providing there has been a gradual increase in dietary fat intake, horses are able to digest and utilize up to 20% of the diet (by weight) as oil. However, most equine rations are considerably lower in fat content, even with the use of so-called high-fat feeds (e.g., a grain concentrate that is 6-10% fat). For example, the total fat content of a ration comprised of 15 pounds (6.8 kg) of hay (less than 3% fat) and eight pounds (3.6 kg) of a 10% fat feed is approximately 5.4% fat ([0.03 x 15 pounds] + [0.1 x 8 pounds] = 1.25 pounds fat and pounds of total feed = or 5.4% fat). One of the main nutritional advantages of fat is its energy density. Vegetable oils have about three times as much digestible energy (DE) as oats and 2.5 times as much as corn. This feature is especially useful when managing a hard keeper or sick horse--adding fat can result in a substantial increase in caloric intake without requiring the horse to consume more food. The horse also can use fat energy in an efficient manner. When a typical hay and grain diet is fed, a horse is only able to utilize 50-60% of the energy in these feedstuffs. On the other hand, horses can utilize more than 90% of the energy contained in a vegetable oil since more of the energy is available to the horse. This is one reason why fat supplementation is useful for fattening thin animals or helping to meet the very high-energy requirements of horses in heavy training. HEALTHY OR NOT? To evaluate whether or not dietary fat is "healthy," we need to consider the impact of fat on body functions. The first consideration is gastrointestinal function, particularly in performance horses requiring large amounts of high-energy feeds for maintenance of body condition. Traditionally, heavy grain feeding was used to meet these energy requirements. The major concern with this approach is an increased risk of gastrointestinal problems--with large grain intakes (more than pounds, or 5-7 kg, per day for a 1,100-pound, or 500-kg, horse) some of the grain passes undigested into the large intestine, where it ferments. Excessive grain fermentation can disrupt the normal microbial population of the hindgut and predispose the horse to colic and other digestive upsets.

3 Adding fat (and a highly digestible fiber source such as beet pulp) to the ration allows for a substantial reduction in the quantity of grain (and starch) in the diet. This approach can help stabilize the hindgut environment and prevent digestive disturbances. Score 1 for fat. A higher-fat diet also might favorably alter behavior. Compared to a traditional hay and cereal grain diet, a diet containing a combination of corn oil and soy lecithin has been shown to reduce spontaneous activity and reactivity to noise and sudden visual stimuli. 1 Clinical experience also indicates that many horses exhibit a calmer disposition--being less hot-headed--when fed a higher-fat ration compared to a more traditional starch- and sugar-based diet. Score 2 for fat. Speaking of hot-headed horses, it is well known that a nervous temperament is one of the factors contributing to tying-up episodes in horses with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER), a condition most common in racing Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds. It is also well established that higher-fat and -fiber feeds (compared to a grain-based ration) help in the management of horses with RER, possibly because of the "calming effect" of the higher fat diet. Score 3 for fat. A higher-fat, lower-starch and -sugar diet is also crucial in the management of horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM), another form of chronic tying-up. PSSM is associated with abnormal storage of excess glycogen (the body's storage form of glucose) in skeletal muscle, likely because these horses are more sensitive to the effects of insulin, the hormone responsible for the clearance of glucose from the bloodstream. Therefore, the starches present in grain "fuel the fire" by providing the extra glucose necessary for the synthesis of glycogen in muscle. Grain should be removed from the diets of horses with PSSM (and from the diets of draft-breed horses with a similar condition called equine polysaccharide myopathy, or EPSM). An increase in fat intake, together with the restriction in dietary starch and sugar, is also important in the management of horses with PSSM or EPSM, because it can provide the calories normally provided by the grains without stimulating insulin release. Score 4 for fat. Finally, additional oil in the diet might benefit skin and hoof appearance. Clinically, the coat and hooves take on a shiny, healthy look when horses are fed a fat-supplemented diet. Another point for fat. Based on our current understanding, there is little to indicate that feeding fat to horses is harmful. In fact, the weight of evidence suggests that a higher-fat diet is a much healthier approach than a more traditional high-grain diet. However, there are no data on the longterm effects of feeding rations containing over 7-10% fat to horses. It is currently recommended to limit the total fat intake to 10% or less. THE OMEGA STORY As mentioned earlier, all mammals (including horses) have a dietary requirement for the essential fatty acids. The omega-3 essential fatty acids are derived from alpha-linolenic acid, whereas the omega-6 essential fatty acids are derived from linoleic acid. The ratio

4 of omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids varies among the different oils. Flaxseed (or linseed) oil contains approximately 50% alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3) and about 15% linoleic acid (omega-6). Soya oil also has a high omega-3 fatty acid content, whereas the predominant essential fatty acid in corn oil is linoleic acid (omega-6). Here's where it gets a bit complicated, with way too many unpronounceable words! Once in the body, the essential fatty acids are further metabolized to other types of fatty acids-- arachidonic acid (AA) is the predominant product of linoleic acid metabolism (omega-6 fatty acid) whereas eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) is a major product from alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3 fatty acid). In turn, these fatty acids can be metabolized to substances called eicosanoids, which are important mediators of inflammation and blood coagulation. Most importantly, the eicosanoids produced from EPA are less potent inflammatory mediators than those resulting from the metabolism of AA. Recognition of this fact has generated much interest in the effects of diets high in omega-3 fatty acids. There is some evidence from human and animal studies that dietary manipulation of the omega- 6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio (via an increase in dietary omega-3 fatty acids) can dampen the body's response to inflammatory stimuli. This might be useful for a horse with overactive immune system responses, such as horses with heaves, equine recurrent uveitis, etc. Researchers at the University of Georgia have studied the effects of linseed oil supplementation in horses (8% of the diet, a huge amount of linseed oil) on the response to endotoxin, a bacterial substance that causes severe inflammation and illness during some forms of colic. They found that blood cells collected from horses supplemented with linseed oil produced lower quantities of harmful prostaglandins when exposed to endotoxin in a test tube. However, when the horses themselves were exposed to endotoxin, there was no difference in response between supplemented and control horses. The jury is still out on the effects of omega-3-rich oils in horses. Marketing pieces from horse feed and supplement manufacturers often make a big deal about the inclusion of omega-3-rich oils in various products, but in reality little is known regarding the effect of this form of fat supplementation. A recent study of high-level supplementation with flaxseed oil (10% of the diet) in horses found no change in the omega-6:omega-3 ratio. 2 More research is needed to determine the health benefits (if any) in horses associated with the manipulation of the dietary ratio of omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids. FEEDING RECOMMENDATIONS What is the best way to add fat to your horse's diet? The three main options are: Adding a vegetable oil to the existing diet; Feeding a commercial concentrate containing various levels of added oil; or Feeding an oil-rich supplement such as rice bran or copra meal.

5 The simplest approach is to add vegetable oil to the ration, and this is reasonable when small quantities (one cup or less per day) are added. However, nutritional imbalances can occur when feedstuffs such as balanced concentrates are substituted by two more cups of straight vegetable oil. Remember that pure vegetable oils (e.g., corn, soya, or flaxseed oil) contain no minerals or vitamins. For this reason, the preferred approach is to feed a commercial high-fat concentrate that is properly formulated to ensure that the right balance of nutrients is delivered. If you take the non-commercial approach, then vitamin E should be added to the diet at a rate of international units (IU) per cup of oil. This is very important, because higher-fat diets increase the horse's requirements for antioxidant nutrients such as vitamin E. This should not be necessary when commercial high-fat feeds are used, however, as these products contain extra vitamin E fortification. However, vitamin E activity is rapidly destroyed by exposure to air and humidity. If feeds are to be stored for more than a few weeks in hot, humid climates, some supplementation might still be necessary. What is the ideal amount of fat supplementation? Although there is no clear-cut answer to this question, it has been recommended to feed no more than 3.5 ounces (100 grams) of fat (oil) per 220 pounds (100 kg) body weight per day. For a 1,100-pound (500 kg) horse, this equates to a maximum of 17.5 ounces (500 grams) of oil per day. Of course, oil should be gradually introduced into the diet, and this level of feeding would be reached only after a two- or three-week adaptation period. Also, the daily amount is best divided into two or three feedings. Note that one standard measuring cup holds about eight fluid ounces or 200 grams of oil. Therefore, 500 grams of oil per day is a little more than two measuring cups. Each cup provides approximately 1.6 Mcal of DE. Therefore, to maintain the same daily calorie intake, at least one pound/day of grain should be removed from the diet for every cup of oil added to the ration (i.e., oats are Mcal DE per pound). Most commercial high-fat concentrates are between 5-10% fat. Daily fat intake will depend on the amount of concentrate fed. For example, 10 pounds of an 8% fat product will deliver about 365 grams of oil, or the equivalent of almost two cups of vegetable oil. As with the addition of oil to an existing ration, these high-oil feeds should initially be mixed with the current ration, with a gradual increase in the amount of the new feed while decreasing the old over a two- to three-week period. So, the answer is that yes, fat is safe to feed if done so within certain parameters. Start adding fat slowly to the diet to avoid digestive upset. Increase vitamin E when increasing fat. Use vegetable sources and not animal sources. Beware of adding too much, even of a good thing.

6 REFERENCES 1 Holland, J.L.; Kronfeld, D.S.; Meacham, T.N. Behavior of horses is affected by soy lecithin and corn oil in the diet. Journal of Animal Science, 74, , Hansen, R.A.; Savage, C.J.; Reidlinger, K.; et al. Effects of dietary flaxseed oil supplementation on equine plasma fatty acid concentrations and whole blood platelet aggregation. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 16, , TIPS: Feeding Fat Vegetable oils have about three times as much digestible energy (DE) as oats and 2.5 times as much as corn. The preferred approach to feeding more fat is to feed a commercial high-fat concentrate that is properly formulated with the right balance of nutrients. It has been recommended to feed no more than 3.5 ounces (100 grams) of fat (oil) per 220 pounds (100 kg) of body weight per day. For an 1,100-pound (500-kg) horse, this is 17.5 ounces (500 grams, or just over two measuring cups) of oil or less per day. If supplementing fats separately (not in a commercial feed), use vegetable sources of fat and not animal sources (they're more palatable). Increase vitamin E when increasing fat.

The Skinny on Feeding Fat to Horses Lori K. Warren, Ph.D. Extension Equine Specialist Colorado State University

The Skinny on Feeding Fat to Horses Lori K. Warren, Ph.D. Extension Equine Specialist Colorado State University The Skinny on Feeding Fat to Horses Lori K. Warren, Ph.D. Extension Equine Specialist Colorado State University Take-Home Message: Dietary fat sources for horses include vegetable oils (e.g., corn oil,

More information

EquuSSource Webinar. Welcome to the EquuSSource Webinar. We will be starting shortly.

EquuSSource Webinar. Welcome to the EquuSSource Webinar. We will be starting shortly. EquuSSource Webinar Welcome to the EquuSSource Webinar We will be starting shortly. To hear audio, please turn on your computer speakers or connect to the conference number: (484) 589-1010 Code: 672935340

More information

Buckeye Nutrition Products

Buckeye Nutrition Products Buckeye Nutrition Products Horseman s Select 12% Sweet Textured feed for mature horses $11.99 12% Protein 3% Fat 12% Fiber Feed to meet desired body condition Supreme 14 Supreme 14 by BUCKEYE Nutrition

More information

Why should you try Omega Feeds?

Why should you try Omega Feeds? FEEDING GUIDE Why should you try Omega Feeds? Contains NO GRAIN High in fibre Cool & calming Promotes overall health & wellbeing Omega Feeds produce a fibre based, scientifically formulated equine feed.

More information

You Can Lead A Horse To Hay But You Can t Make It Eat

You Can Lead A Horse To Hay But You Can t Make It Eat You Can Lead A Horse To Hay But You Can t Make It Eat Dr. Nicola Pusterla, PhD, Diplomate ACVIM Department of Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis Outline

More information

FEEDING FOR TOPLINE AND CONDITION IN HORSES... THE ISSUES. Dr Tim Kempton Stance Equine

FEEDING FOR TOPLINE AND CONDITION IN HORSES... THE ISSUES. Dr Tim Kempton Stance Equine FEEDING FOR TOPLINE AND CONDITION IN HORSES... THE ISSUES Dr Tim Kempton Stance Equine www.stanceequine.com We all want our horses looking good and performing to their best. Many disciplines reward well-conditioned

More information

SafeChoice Original. A proven controlled starch formula for all life stages. *NSC (Non-structural carbohydrates) = Dietary Starch + Sugar

SafeChoice Original. A proven controlled starch formula for all life stages. *NSC (Non-structural carbohydrates) = Dietary Starch + Sugar Nutrena Products SafeChoice Original A proven controlled starch formula for all life stages Nutritionally balanced for growing and mature horses alike. SafeChoice Original helps make feeding a wide range

More information

COMPLETE FEEDS: ALL INGREDIENTS ARE NOT CREATED EQUAL!

COMPLETE FEEDS: ALL INGREDIENTS ARE NOT CREATED EQUAL! COMPLETE FEEDS: ALL INGREDIENTS ARE NOT CREATED EQUAL! When selecting or purchasing a feed, it is important to ask for the ingredient list from the manufacturer because, the guaranteed analysis on the

More information

There are six general classes of nutrients needed in the horse s diet: water carbohydrates fats protein minerals vitamins.

There are six general classes of nutrients needed in the horse s diet: water carbohydrates fats protein minerals vitamins. HORSE NUTRITION Nutrients A nutrient is defined as any feed constituent that is necessary to support life. The following is a list of functions that nutrients perform in the horse's body: source of energy

More information

Is Your Feeding Program up to Snuff?

Is Your Feeding Program up to Snuff? Is Your Feeding Program up to Snuff? By Amy M Gill, PhD When was the last time you evaluated what your horse is being fed? The nutritional needs of horses actually change quite frequently, and I always

More information

Equine Health. How Nutrition helps in preventing Colic/Laminitis/ IR. Digestive aids

Equine Health. How Nutrition helps in preventing Colic/Laminitis/ IR. Digestive aids Equine Health How Nutrition helps in preventing Colic/Laminitis/ IR Digestive aids Studies provided by: Dr. Bill Vandergrift, EquiVision, Inc. Shannon Keller Lets Start at the beginning The Equine Digestive

More information

Feeding Horses: What Every Vet Should Know. Dr. Marty Adams, PAS Equine Nutritionist Southern States

Feeding Horses: What Every Vet Should Know. Dr. Marty Adams, PAS Equine Nutritionist Southern States Feeding Horses: What Every Vet Should Know Dr. Marty Adams, PAS Equine Nutritionist Southern States Welcome and thanks for joining us! Feed the Individual The latest edition of Nutrient Requirements of

More information

BASICS OF NUTRITION PROTEIN

BASICS OF NUTRITION PROTEIN BASICS OF NUTRITION PROTEIN Protein, the type of protein, where it comes from (plant vs. protein) and its ability to be digested is very important. Proteins are comprised of approximately 20 different

More information

Triple Crown Horse Feeds. Level 1 Training

Triple Crown Horse Feeds. Level 1 Training K Triple Crown Horse Feeds Level 1 Training Gallop with us on: Triple Crown Nutrition Privately owned Based in Wayzata, MN Only products are the Triple Crown premium line of Horse Feeds, Forages, and Supplements

More information

ENERGY NUTRIENTS: THE BIG PICTURE WHY WE EAT FUNCTIONS FATS FAT, CARBS, PROTEIN

ENERGY NUTRIENTS: THE BIG PICTURE WHY WE EAT FUNCTIONS FATS FAT, CARBS, PROTEIN ENERGY NUTRIENTS: FAT, CARBS, PROTEIN Angeline B. David, DRPH, MHS NAD Health Summit March 14, 2013 The science of cooking is not a small matter.... This art should be regarded as the most valuable of

More information

Nutritional Management of the Racehorse. Laurie Lawrence, Ph.D. Department of Animal and Food Sciences University of Kentucky

Nutritional Management of the Racehorse. Laurie Lawrence, Ph.D. Department of Animal and Food Sciences University of Kentucky Nutritional Management of the Racehorse Laurie Lawrence, Ph.D. Department of Animal and Food Sciences University of Kentucky Considerations Meet nutrient requirements Maintain normal GI tract Feeding the

More information

CPT David J. Licciardello, DVM Veterinary Advisor

CPT David J. Licciardello, DVM Veterinary Advisor CPT David J. Licciardello, DVM Veterinary Advisor Carbohydrates Fats (Fatty Acids) Minerals Proteins (Amino Acids) Vitamins Water Referred to as Fiber Made up of the forage portion of a diet In a complete

More information

Feeding the Easy Keeper. Dr. Marty Adams, PAS Equine Nutritionist Southern States

Feeding the Easy Keeper. Dr. Marty Adams, PAS Equine Nutritionist Southern States Feeding the Easy Keeper Dr. Marty Adams, PAS Equine Nutritionist Southern States Welcome and thanks for joining us! What s s your #1 problem when feeding an Easy Keeper? They get too fat! Feed the Individual

More information

General Feeding Guidelines

General Feeding Guidelines General Feeding Guidelines # Type of Horse Feed Description 1 Maintenance Fibrelite Phase IV Feed to maintain bodyweight. Supplement with a Brooks mineral/vitamin supplement such as Enhancer or All Phase

More information

SUMMER NUTRITION. COMPLETE EQUINE CARE

SUMMER NUTRITION.   COMPLETE EQUINE CARE SUMMER NUTRITION COMPLETE EQUINE CARE SUMMER NUTRITION IS YOUR HORSE S DIET REALLY BALANCED? Many of us are actually feeding our horses an unbalanced diet. Most horses do not receive a full ration of hard

More information

Your partners in performance. Horse Feed Range

Your partners in performance. Horse Feed Range Your partners in performance Horse Feed Range CopRice Feeds Supplier of premium horse feed Our Company CopRice is the animal food division of SunRice. SunRice is a farmer cooperative that grows and markets

More information

Equine Nutrition in Health and Disease. Dr Karin Kruger BVSc, MSc, DACVIM Equine Specialist Physician

Equine Nutrition in Health and Disease. Dr Karin Kruger BVSc, MSc, DACVIM Equine Specialist Physician Equine Nutrition in Health and Disease Dr Karin Kruger BVSc, MSc, DACVIM Equine Specialist Physician What to feed my horse? 2% DM of ideal body weight (60:40) Grass / forage Best quality Good quality commercial

More information

Ithaca Agway Farm Feed

Ithaca Agway Farm Feed Equine feed: Southern States Legends Growth is a fixed ingredient formula designed to support proper growth, muscle and bone development as well as milk production. Texture Pelleted Legends Carbcare is

More information

From Food to the Bloodstream

From Food to the Bloodstream FATS The total amount of fat you eat, whether high or low, isn't really linked with disease. What really matters is the type of fat you eat. The "bad" fats saturated and trans fats increase the risk for

More information

A to Z of Canine Nutrition

A to Z of Canine Nutrition 2016 APDT Annual Educational Conference and Trade Show A to Z of Canine Nutrition Jennifer Adolphe, PhD, RD Senior Nutritionist Learning Outcomes To understand the importance of each of the macronutrients

More information

Weight Gain & Coat Condition: Oil & Bloom

Weight Gain & Coat Condition: Oil & Bloom Weight Gain & Coat Condition: Oil & Bloom November Educational Webinar 2018 Dr Tania Cubitt Performance Horse Nutrition Primarily Canola Oil Clearer color, No sediment 4000 IU/lb 100% natural Vitamin E

More information

Acronyms for Equine Muscle Disorders Explained

Acronyms for Equine Muscle Disorders Explained EPSM a muscle disorder by Dr Kellon 1 Learn information about equine muscle disorders and the management of horses with muscle issues such as equine polysaccharide storage myopathy. The more common muscle

More information

Proceeding of the NO Laminitis! Conference 2013

Proceeding of the NO Laminitis! Conference 2013 http://www.ivis.org Proceeding of the NO Laminitis! Conference 2013 Equine Cushing's and Insulin Resistance Group Inc. (ECIR Group Inc.) Sep. 27-29, 2013 Jacksonville, OR, USA Reprinted in the IVIS website

More information

A Review of Dietary Fat Supplementation in Horses with Exertional Rhabdomyolysis

A Review of Dietary Fat Supplementation in Horses with Exertional Rhabdomyolysis A Review of Dietary Fat Supplementation in Horses with Exertional Rhabdomyolysis Erica C. McKenzie, BSc, BVMS; Stephanie J. Valberg, DVM, PhD; and Joe D. Pagan, PhD Two forms of exertional rhabdomyolysis

More information

Nutrition #3 Created for Canadian Pony Club Education By Lezah Williamson

Nutrition #3 Created for Canadian Pony Club Education By Lezah Williamson Nutrition #3 Created for Canadian Pony Club Education By Lezah Williamson 1. Feed little and often 2. Feed plenty of bulk food 3. Feed according to size, age, breed, temperament, condition, season and

More information

IRON MANGANESE 6/6/2018. Minerals & Performance : Total Performance, Total Performance Plus

IRON MANGANESE 6/6/2018. Minerals & Performance : Total Performance, Total Performance Plus Minerals & Performance : Total Performance, Total Performance Plus June Educational Webinar 2018 Dr Tania Cubitt Performance Horse Nutrition IRON Heme oxygen carrying capacity Iron deficiency rare Iron

More information

CÉLÉBRITÉ FEEDS AND SUPPLEMENTS GUIDE.

CÉLÉBRITÉ FEEDS AND SUPPLEMENTS GUIDE. CÉLÉBRITÉ FEEDS AND SUPPLEMENTS GUIDE Learn about our new Célébrité Energy Index Find out more about the added value of our feeds and supplements Discover our new products www.celebrite.coop DA CE 110565

More information

Nutrients Beyond the NRC: Designing the Ideal Ration

Nutrients Beyond the NRC: Designing the Ideal Ration Beyond the NRC: Designing the Ideal Ration Meri Stratton Phelps, DVM, MPVM, DACVIM (LAIM), DACVN When it comes to proper nutrition, veterinarians, horse owners and nutritionists all have the same goal

More information

The Nutritional Information Panel is a pretty technical looking piece of artwork and the main question people ask about it WHAT DOES IT ALL MEAN?

The Nutritional Information Panel is a pretty technical looking piece of artwork and the main question people ask about it WHAT DOES IT ALL MEAN? The Nutritional Information Panel is a pretty technical looking piece of artwork and the main question people ask about it is WHAT DOES IT ALL MEAN? Well, we want you to understand it as well as we do.

More information

Reading the Labels; What you need to know By Lisa Ross Williams

Reading the Labels; What you need to know By Lisa Ross Williams Page 1 By Lisa Ross Williams Grow a whole new hoof in 30 days! Formulated for all horses; foals, maintenance, performance and seniors! Change your horse s color from bay to gray in just a week! Ok, it

More information

eat well, live well: EATING WELL FOR YOUR HEALTH

eat well, live well: EATING WELL FOR YOUR HEALTH eat well, live well: EATING WELL FOR YOUR HEALTH It may seem like information on diet changes daily, BUT THERE IS ACTUALLY A LOT WE KNOW ABOUT HOW TO EAT WELL. Eating well can help you improve your overall

More information

Live the Mediterranean Lifestyle with Barilla. The Mediterranean Nutrition Model

Live the Mediterranean Lifestyle with Barilla. The Mediterranean Nutrition Model Live the Mediterranean Lifestyle with Barilla The Mediterranean Nutrition Model Whole Grains Legumes Live the Mediterranean Lifestyle with Barilla Table of Contents: MEDITERRANEAN NUTRITION MODEL Health

More information

UNDERSTANDING LAMINITIS

UNDERSTANDING LAMINITIS UNDERSTANDING LAMINITIS Causes and how a sensible diet can help By Dr Tim Kempton Laminitis is a complex disease which involves inflammation and of the horse s hoof laminae (the structures which suspend

More information

WSVMA Annual Conference

WSVMA Annual Conference WSVMA Annual Conference Equine Nutrition Spokane Convention Center Spokane, Washington October 1-3, 2010 Steve Duren, PhD Performance Horse Nutrition, Weiser, ID Stephen Duren, MS, PhD, PAS Performance

More information

NUTRITION. Understanding Nutrients and Their Importance

NUTRITION. Understanding Nutrients and Their Importance NUTRITION Understanding Nutrients and Their Importance What are the essential nutrients for animal production? Good nutrition can increase feed efficiency and the rate of gain for animals. Animals must

More information

Nutrition for Health. Nutrients. Before You Read

Nutrition for Health. Nutrients. Before You Read CHAPTER 10 LESSON 2 Nutrition for Health Nutrients BIG Idea Each nutrient in your diet plays a unique and essential role in keeping you healthy. Before You Read Sometimes figuring out what to eat can be

More information

Module 1 Nutrition Basics. Exam 1 B

Module 1 Nutrition Basics. Exam 1 B Module 1-2 Test 1B 1 Module 1 Nutrition Basics PLEASE DO NOT MARK ON THIS COPY. USE YOUR SCANTRONS TO MARK UNSWERS. True/False Exam 1 B 1. Appetite is defined as the psychological desire for food. 2. Cellulose

More information

Base ration components (forages and grains) will average about 3% fat. Use Supplemental Fats. Fat Feeding. Production Responses to Supplemental Fat

Base ration components (forages and grains) will average about 3% fat. Use Supplemental Fats. Fat Feeding. Production Responses to Supplemental Fat Fat Feeding Some slides adapted from Dairy Nutrition & Management (ANSCI 200/492), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Dr. Jim Drackley & Mike Hutjens Base ration components (forages and grains)

More information

1 Pagee. addition to. closer. As horses age they. feed. These basic factors. The horse is a herd. appropriate. associated with the. anomalies that can

1 Pagee. addition to. closer. As horses age they. feed. These basic factors. The horse is a herd. appropriate. associated with the. anomalies that can By Dr. Bill Vandergrift Increasing the viable life span of our horsess is more important to us today than it was 25-30 years ago. This shift in attitude results from economic concerns in addition to closer

More information

30.1 Organization of the Human Body

30.1 Organization of the Human Body 30.1 Organization of the Human Body Organization of the Body The levels of organization in the body include cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. At each level of organization, these parts of the

More information

Classes of Nutrients A Diet

Classes of Nutrients A Diet Ch. 7 Notes Section 1: What is Nutrition? is the science or study of food and the ways the body uses food. are substances in food that provide energy or help form body tissues and are necessary for life

More information

If you have a question not in our FAQs, do get in contact with us, and we will do our best to answer it straight away.

If you have a question not in our FAQs, do get in contact with us, and we will do our best to answer it straight away. FEEDING FAQ S If you need to know anything about feeding your horse, specific to British Horse Feeds products or otherwise, check out our FAQs. Take advantage of our extensive knowledge of horse nutrition

More information

The key to a healthy balanced diet is eating the right amount of food for how active you are and eating a range of foods including:

The key to a healthy balanced diet is eating the right amount of food for how active you are and eating a range of foods including: FACTSHEET No. 22 BREAD AS PART OF A HEALTHY DIET Background There is increasingly persuasive evidence that our diets have a significant effect on our long term health. Not only does being over or underweight

More information

a. This is the same as for the general public, but people with diabetes, like the rest of the public, often eat more salt than they need.

a. This is the same as for the general public, but people with diabetes, like the rest of the public, often eat more salt than they need. a. This is the same as for the general public, but people with diabetes, like the rest of the public, often eat more salt than they need. b. Putting this all together - cake, rice, bread, and fried chicken

More information

Trail Riding, Horse Health and Environmental Responsibility

Trail Riding, Horse Health and Environmental Responsibility Trail Riding, Horse Health and Environmental Responsibility The attraction of trail riding is to ride through remote and natural landscape, which in most cases in National Parks and State Forests. In most

More information

Fiber: What Is It and What Does It Do? By James L. Holly, MD. Your Life Your Health. The Examiner. May 5, 2005

Fiber: What Is It and What Does It Do? By James L. Holly, MD. Your Life Your Health. The Examiner. May 5, 2005 Fiber: What Is It and What Does It Do? By James L. Holly, MD Your Life Your Health The Examiner May 5, 2005 I don t know about you, but fiber has always been a mystery to me. Soluble fiber, insoluble fiber?

More information

ENHANCED OMEGA 3 ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID SUPPLEMENT

ENHANCED OMEGA 3 ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID SUPPLEMENT AGROMEGA ENHANCED OMEGA 3 ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID SUPPLEMENT In nature the pig would consume an extremely wide variety of different things ranging from seeds and roots to insects and animals. This diet would

More information

A Closer Look at The Components Of a Balanced Diet

A Closer Look at The Components Of a Balanced Diet A Closer Look at The Components Of a Balanced Diet The essential nutrients are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and water. These nutrients will ensure that the systems and

More information

Chapter 4: Nutrition. ACE Personal Trainer Manual Third Edition

Chapter 4: Nutrition. ACE Personal Trainer Manual Third Edition Chapter 4: Nutrition ACE Personal Trainer Manual Third Edition Introduction SCAN group of dieticians who practice in sports and cardiovascular nutrition [SCAN]; locate local SCAN dieticians by contacting

More information

How to Fight Diabetes and Win. Meal. Planning NUTURNA. Advance Diabetic Support

How to Fight Diabetes and Win. Meal. Planning NUTURNA. Advance Diabetic Support How to Fight Diabetes and Win Meal Planning NUTURNA TM Advance Diabetic Support Meal Planning Well-balanced and portion-controlled meals are vital to the control of blood sugar levels and management of

More information

Topic 3.1 Nutrients. - Lipids are an essential part of the and are a part of cell in the body.

Topic 3.1 Nutrients. - Lipids are an essential part of the and are a part of cell in the body. Name: Topic 3.1 Nutrients Date: IB SEHS 3.1.1. List the macronutrients and micronutrients Macronutrients: - lipid (fat) - carbohydrate - protein - water (says the book) Micronutrients: - vitamins - minerals

More information

Diet, Nutrition and Inflammatory

Diet, Nutrition and Inflammatory Diet, Nutrition and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Sumner Brooks, MPH, RDN, LD March 11, 2017 Objectives Identify factors that may alter nutritional status in IBD Understand the role of diet and nutrition

More information

4. Which of the following is not likely to contain cholesterol? (a) eggs (b) vegetable shortening (c) fish (d) veal

4. Which of the following is not likely to contain cholesterol? (a) eggs (b) vegetable shortening (c) fish (d) veal Sample Test Questions Chapter 6: Nutrition Multiple Choice 1. The calorie is a measure of (a) the fat content of foods. (b) the starch content of foods. (c) the energy value of foods. (d) the ratio of

More information

Equine Nutrition 101. Sponsored by Otter Co-Op. Copyright Horse Council BC 2005

Equine Nutrition 101. Sponsored by Otter Co-Op. Copyright Horse Council BC 2005 Equine Nutrition 101 Sponsored by Otter Co-Op Nutrition Requirements for Horses There are five basic things that a horse requires and that a horse owner will need to supply as part of a horse s diet: Water

More information

ABLE TO READ THE LABEL?

ABLE TO READ THE LABEL? ARE ABLE TO READ THE LABEL? A Consumer s Guide to Navigating Food Labels Food and Drug Safety Program Consumer and Environmental Health Services Phone: 609-826-4935 Fax: 609-826-4990 http://nj.gov/health/eoh/foodweb/

More information

Laura Kim, MGH Dietetic Intern March 17, 2015

Laura Kim, MGH Dietetic Intern March 17, 2015 Laura Kim, MGH Dietetic Intern March 17, 2015 Introduction Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Understand basic functions of each nutrient Identify food sources of carbohydrates, fats, proteins Create balanced

More information

All About Essential Fatty Acids

All About Essential Fatty Acids By Cassandra Forsythe-Pribanic, PhD, RD, CSCS To many people, fat is one of those three-letter words that instils fear of heart disease, obesity, and a lifetime of bad hair days (I m kidding about that

More information

EAT GOOD FATS TO MEET YOUR HEALTH GOALS!

EAT GOOD FATS TO MEET YOUR HEALTH GOALS! EAT GOOD FATS TO MEET YOUR HEALTH GOALS! THE POWER OF GOOD FATS Did you know healthy fats provide a wealth of health benefits? At almost any age, replacing saturated fats* with polyunsaturated fats (omega-3,

More information

Lesson 1 Carbohydrates, Fats & Proteins pages

Lesson 1 Carbohydrates, Fats & Proteins pages Lesson 1 Carbohydrates, Fats & Proteins pages 190-201 What are the 3 classes of nutrients that supply your body with energy and how does the body obtain the energy from foods? Describe the roles that carbohydrates,

More information

Supplements That Work

Supplements That Work Supplements That Work Supplements can be confusing and expensive! Do they work? Do you need them? How should you take them? This guide is an introduction to supplements that most people need. Are supplements

More information

BARBADOS FOOD BASED DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR. Revised Edition (2017)

BARBADOS FOOD BASED DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR. Revised Edition (2017) FOOD BASED DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR BARBADOS ma fro ni m Foods O ts & ils Fa Fruits Le gum es al s Revised Edition (2017) V e eg ta bles les ap St These guidelines aim to encourage healthy eating habits

More information

Creating Healthier Lives. Cholesterol Reduction Complex Lower Your Cholesterol Naturally

Creating Healthier Lives. Cholesterol Reduction Complex Lower Your Cholesterol Naturally Cholesterol Reduction Complex Lower Your Cholesterol Naturally 1 DID YOU KNOW? About 40% of Canadian adults have high cholesterol. 2 DID YOU KNOW? YOU ARE AT RISK FOR HIGH CHOLESTEROL If you have a poor

More information

Nutrition for the Metabolic/Cushingoid Horse. Ocean State Equine Associates 2205 Providence Pike North Smithfield, RI 02896

Nutrition for the Metabolic/Cushingoid Horse. Ocean State Equine Associates 2205 Providence Pike North Smithfield, RI 02896 Nutrition for the Metabolic/Cushingoid Horse Ocean State Equine Associates 2205 Providence Pike North Smithfield, RI 02896 Goals What are PPID and EMS? What is their link to IR? How is IR linked to laminitis?

More information

A common sense approach to taking control of your diet

A common sense approach to taking control of your diet Welcome Wellness Warriors! Carbohydrate Counting: A common sense approach to taking control of your diet Today we will discuss The different food groups and how they affect blood sugar Which foods increase

More information

Why Flaxseed? Nutrients from flaxseed provide health benefits for skin and coat, and immune responses for both dogs and cats.

Why Flaxseed? Nutrients from flaxseed provide health benefits for skin and coat, and immune responses for both dogs and cats. Why Flaxseed? Nutrients from flaxseed provide health benefits for skin and coat, and immune responses for both dogs and cats. Source of the EFAs linoleic acid and α-linolenic (ALA) Linoleic acid is an

More information

Veterinary Information Sheet

Veterinary Information Sheet Nutrition in Dogs Karen Hedberg BVSc 2007 Main requirements: Canine Nutrition The dog is a carnivore Dogs can vary considerably at different stages of their life in their requirements for energy, fat and

More information

Nutrition, Nutrition, Nutrition! Because food is life! Oh, I m hungry!

Nutrition, Nutrition, Nutrition! Because food is life! Oh, I m hungry! Nutrition, Nutrition, Nutrition! Because food is life! Oh, I m hungry! Topics of Study 1. What is metabolism? 2. Energy and chemical changes 3. Nutrients needed for a healthy lifestyle 4. Calories and

More information

Fish, Flax, or Udo s? Choosing the right oils for your body s EFA needs By Udo Erasmus Ph.D.

Fish, Flax, or Udo s? Choosing the right oils for your body s EFA needs By Udo Erasmus Ph.D. Fish, Flax, or Udo s? Choosing the right oils for your body s EFA needs By Udo Erasmus Ph.D. FACT: The human body needs EFAs. Two absolutely needed nutrients for the body can only be found in fat OMEGA-3

More information

Chapter 3: Macronutrients. Section 3.1 Pages 52-55

Chapter 3: Macronutrients. Section 3.1 Pages 52-55 Chapter 3: Macronutrients Section 3.1 Pages 52-55 Diet Terms Nutrients The substances in food that gives us structural materials and energy. Macronutrients Nutrients that are required in large amounts.

More information

Instructions for 3 Day Diet Analysis for Nutrition 219

Instructions for 3 Day Diet Analysis for Nutrition 219 Name Instructions for 3 Day Diet Analysis for Nutrition 219 1. Keep a record of everything you eat and drink for 3 days. Be specific. Was it white or wheat bread, 1% or 2% milk, 1 cup or 1½ cups, did you

More information

Chapter 4 Reading Guide

Chapter 4 Reading Guide Chapter 4 Reading Guide 1. How many covalent bonds does carbon (C) form? 2. What is the chemical formula for glucose? 3. List the major dietary monosaccharides and disaccharides. What are the components

More information

Equine Metabolic Syndrome

Equine Metabolic Syndrome Equine Metabolic Syndrome Marc-Andre Blouin Equine Technical Service Manager Copyright 2009 Agribrands Purina Canada Inc., Purina, Chow and the checkerboard design are registered trademarks of Nestle Purina

More information

Nutrition. University of Wyoming D. Karen Hansen, PhD 2007 Stephen R. Schafer, EdD

Nutrition. University of Wyoming D. Karen Hansen, PhD 2007 Stephen R. Schafer, EdD Nutrition 2001 D. Karen Hansen, PhD 2007 Stephen R. Schafer, EdD Feeding Management Feed at the same time each day Feed horses on an individual basis Feed horses at least twice daily or if confined, allow

More information

Food for Thought January 26, 2012

Food for Thought January 26, 2012 Food for Thought January 26, 2012 Why is nutrition important? The foods you eat provide the energy your body and mind need to function. The foods you eat build and support your immune system, hormones,

More information

Core-22 Weight Loss Program

Core-22 Weight Loss Program Core-22 Weight Loss Program Dear Doctor, Core-22 was created by a doctor to help his patients lose weight and make healthy dietary changes without the need for hours of time-consuming explanation. Dr.

More information

Chapter 4: Sugars, Starches and Fibers. Copyright 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 4: Sugars, Starches and Fibers. Copyright 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 4: Sugars, Starches and Fibers Copyright Student learning outcomes: At the end of this chapter, you should be able to: Compare and contrast whole grains and refined sugars Compare and contrast

More information

FAT. Dr. Shamsul Azahari Zainal Badari Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies Faculty of Human Ecology

FAT. Dr. Shamsul Azahari Zainal Badari Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies Faculty of Human Ecology FAT Dr. Shamsul Azahari Zainal Badari Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies Faculty of Human Ecology OBJECTIVES LECTURE By the end of this lecture, student can: Define what is lipid/fat

More information

Lecture Outline Chapter 4- Part 2: The Carbohydrates

Lecture Outline Chapter 4- Part 2: The Carbohydrates Lecture Outline Chapter 4- Part 2: The Carbohydrates I Types of Carbohydrates If someone told you "My carbohydrate intake is too high", what would you assume about what they're eating? A. SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES:

More information

Look at the label. Nutrition information on food labels... Nutrition claims There are two types of nutrition claims:

Look at the label. Nutrition information on food labels... Nutrition claims There are two types of nutrition claims: Look at the label Nutrition information on food labels... Nutrition claims There are two types of nutrition claims: Helps you make informed food choices Helps you follow Canada s Food Guide to Healthy

More information

Myths of Feeding Horses: Separating Fact from Fiction. Meredith Mills Equine Feed Sales and Tech Rep Southern States Coop., Inc.

Myths of Feeding Horses: Separating Fact from Fiction. Meredith Mills Equine Feed Sales and Tech Rep Southern States Coop., Inc. Myths of Feeding Horses: Separating Fact from Fiction Meredith Mills Equine Feed Sales and Tech Rep Southern States Coop., Inc. #1: My horse needs a bran mash to clean out his system. T or F? FALSE: No

More information

Hockey Nutrition Tips

Hockey Nutrition Tips Hockey Nutrition Tips 6 Classes of Nutrients Essential for Top Performance 1. Carbohydrates 2. Fat 3. Protein 4. Vitamins 5. Minerals 6. Water Carbohydrates: are a source of energy that can be either simple

More information

New Food Label Pages Diabetes Self-Management Program Leader s Manual

New Food Label Pages Diabetes Self-Management Program Leader s Manual New Food Label Pages The FDA has released a new food label, so we have adjusted Session 4 and provided a handout of the new label. Participants use the handout instead of looking at the label in the book

More information

Hoof Health: Foundation Formula

Hoof Health: Foundation Formula Hoof Health: Foundation Formula December Educational Webinar 2017 Dr Tania Cubitt Performance Horse Nutrition NUTRITION & THE HOOF The hoof wall grows downward at a rate of 1/4 to 3/8ths of an inch per

More information

Premium treatments to improve the performance of your racehorse.

Premium treatments to improve the performance of your racehorse. Premium treatments to improve the performance of your racehorse. www.trm-nz.co.nz www.trm-nz.co.nz EQUINE NUTRITIONAL TREATMENTS CAN BE AN EASY WAY TO BOOST YOUR HORSE S HEALTH, HAPPINESS AND WELLBEING.

More information

(teacher) Sample question: What grain foods are you familiar with and how do you prepare them?

(teacher) Sample question: What grain foods are you familiar with and how do you prepare them? Grains (teacher) Sample question: What grain foods are you familiar with and how do you prepare them? Grain products are foods such as breads, cereals, rice and pasta. You need about 6 ounces (6 servings)

More information

How to Prevent Heart Disease

How to Prevent Heart Disease How to Prevent Heart Disease Introduction Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. You can reduce your risk of heart disease with healthy habits. This reference summary explains heart disease

More information

FEEDING THE HIGH PERFORMANCE BIRD DOG. Martin Coffman DVM, Sporting Dog Veterinarian The Iams Company & Eukanuba

FEEDING THE HIGH PERFORMANCE BIRD DOG. Martin Coffman DVM, Sporting Dog Veterinarian The Iams Company & Eukanuba FEEDING THE HIGH PERFORMANCE BIRD DOG Martin Coffman DVM, Sporting Dog Veterinarian The Iams Company & Eukanuba Modern bird dogs are the product of improved breeding, more sound training methods, and better

More information

Nutrition Basics. Chapter McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.

Nutrition Basics. Chapter McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Nutrition Basics Chapter 12 1 The Body s Nutritional Requirements Essential nutrients The Six Essential Nutrients: Proteins, Fats, Carbohydrates, Vitamins, Minerals, Water Defined as : Nutrients one must

More information

Foundations of Personal Fitness. Chapter 4 Nutrition and Your Personal Fitness

Foundations of Personal Fitness. Chapter 4 Nutrition and Your Personal Fitness Foundations of Personal Fitness Chapter 4 Nutrition and Your Personal Fitness Lesson 1: The Importance of Nutrition Healthful Eating Taking in the proper amount of nutrients each day Nutrients substances

More information

Equine Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity

Equine Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity Equine Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity By Marielle St-Laurent, DVM - Posted: June 21, 2012 to HorseJournals.com Years ago, veterinarians recognized that obese horses develop a different metabolism than

More information

3 Day Diet Analysis for Nutrition 219

3 Day Diet Analysis for Nutrition 219 Name 3 Day Diet Analysis for Nutrition 219 Keep a record of everything you eat and drink for 3 days. Be specific. Was it white or wheat bread, 1% or 2% milk, 1 cup or 1½ cups, did you fry it in oil or

More information

Principles of nutrition Lesson A

Principles of nutrition Lesson A Principles of nutrition Lesson A Sam - ID 38359016 Unit: Applying the principles of nutrition to a physical activity programme Learning outcomes & assessment criteria Learning outcome: The learner will:

More information

SUMAN PROJECT CONSULTANT (P) LTD. MIXED GRAIN PRODUCTS AND HEALTH BENEFITS

SUMAN PROJECT CONSULTANT (P) LTD. MIXED GRAIN PRODUCTS AND HEALTH BENEFITS SUMAN PROJECT CONSULTANT (P) LTD. MIXED GRAIN PRODUCTS AND HEALTH BENEFITS March 2, 2017 WHAT IS MULTIGRAIN? "Multigrain" simply means that it contains several different types of grains, distinguishing

More information

Lisa Sasson Clinical Assistant Professor NYU Dept Nutrition and Food Studies

Lisa Sasson Clinical Assistant Professor NYU Dept Nutrition and Food Studies Lisa Sasson Clinical Assistant Professor NYU Dept Nutrition and Food Studies Introduction Nutrients Components of food required for the body s functioning Roles: Provide energy Building material Maintenance

More information

Six Nutrients. Nutrients: substances in food that your body needs to stay healthy. Carbohydrates Protein Fat Minerals Vitamins Water

Six Nutrients. Nutrients: substances in food that your body needs to stay healthy. Carbohydrates Protein Fat Minerals Vitamins Water Nutrients Six Nutrients Nutrients: substances in food that your body needs to stay healthy Carbohydrates Protein Fat Minerals Vitamins Water Water Function: most essential nutrient Helps digest and absorb

More information