(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum)
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1 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum) **** *** ** * 88/2/22 : 86/12/1 : (Cucumis sativus) Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum 16. (Cucurbitaceae) (Cucumis melo). F. oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum 20. SR PSR Khassib Jakie Festival FDC101 Ayat PSR36 Nicoo 100 Negeen Nasco Janette CB Ayat 32PV Storm. Rubahs Rubahl Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. : radiciscucumerinum (emolavi@gmail.com ) * ** *** **** ١٧٧
2 (11).(10). 18 Dominica Amazing Sienna Korinda. Aviance Euphoria.(9) Tkw152, Tkw145, Tkw1 Festival 87, Tkw1127, Tkw1228, Astoria Number one Rubahs Columvia Cashmere Parma RubahL, PSR , Evergreen PSR , Tkw29, PSR , PSR , TKW197, TKW196, TKW180, TKW168, PSR , PX , Bs , Tkw1110.(10) F. oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr. f. sp. ) radiciscucumerinum f. sp. nov (Vakalounakis..(11) ( ) (10)
3 2 1).( ) 10 ( ) (1:2:1: J 1, P 1, P 7, P 8, Ps, H 1, H /5 ) 25. ( APDA (Acidified Potato Dextrose Agar) 2 PSA (Potato Sucrose Agar) 3 CLA (Carnation Leaf Agar) 179
4 . ( P 1 J ) (. F. oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum 1 PI Ashley. 20.(1 ) P 1 J Plant Protection Institute, Heraklio crete Greece, (10) :1 : ) :2 ( :3.(13). SAS 9.0. ) 180
5 . 4/8 9/7 2/4 3/6 1 1 ).(A 25 37/5 3/85.(B 1 ) 10.(C 1 ) F. oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr.(7 2 1) 15 P 1 J 1..(2 ) ( ) 30 ) (. SAS 9.0. ) (. APDA 1 False head 181
6 1 Table 1 Different cultivars of greenhousecucumber used for study of resistance No. Cultivar No. Cultivar 1 Ayat 11 Nicoo Ayat 12 PSR CB PSR FDC RubahL 5 Festival 15 RubahS 6 Jakie 16 7 Janette 17 SR Khassib 18 Storm 9 Nasco Negeen 20 32PV. Peto & Seed The hybrid cultivars were produced by Peto and Seed American company and were provided from Varamin agricultural research center. A B C 25 C CLA F. oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum :C :B :A Fig. 1. Microscopic view of fungal organs of F. oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum, were observed seven days after culturing on CLA (at 25 C in dark), A: false heads and microconidia, B: Pathogen microconidia and macroconidia, C: Pathogen chlamydospores,
7 F. oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum 2 Table 2 The average of disease severity caused by different isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum. Isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum Origin of isolates Cucumber cultivars Disease severity score (03) J1 Jiroft Negin 2.3 ± 0.2 a P1 Pishva 1.8 ± 0.2 b H2 Habibabad 1.3 ± 0.2 c P8 Pishva 1 cd Ps Pishva 0.8 ± 0.2 d P7 Pishva 0.3 ± 0.2 e H1 Habibabad 0 e Control 0 e :1 :0. 03 :2 ±. :3.(P 0/01) Disease severity was assessed with a 0 3 rating visual scale where zero, no symptoms; 1: light or moderate rot of tap root, secondary roots and crown, light vascular discoloration in the stem; 2: severe rot of tap root, secondary roots and crown, with or without wilting and stunting, vascular discoloration in the stem and 3: dead seedlings. Data are means of three replicate ± SE. Significant differences are denoted by different letter according to Duncan's Multiple Range Test (P 0.01). F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum.(11) PI Ashley Ashley PI P 1 J 1.(3 ) F. oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum 183
8 .(4 ) cucumerinum F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis F. oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum 3 Table 3 Determination of host range of two isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum Plant species P 1 Inoculated with P 1 isolate J 1 Inoculated with J 1 isolate Plant species P 1 Inoculated with P 1 isolate Inoculated with J 1 isolate J 1 Zea mays Lactuca sativa Tritichum aestivum Cucumis sativus + + Cicer arietinum Cucumis melo + + (Cantaloupe) Pisum sativum Cucumis melo + + (Melon) Phaseolus vulgaris Cucurbita maxima Betta vulgaris Cucurbita pepo Lycopersicon esculentum Cucurbita mixta Solanum melongena Citrullus vulgaris 4 Table 4 The reaction of two differential cucumber cultivars to two form specialis of pathogen. F. oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum Differential cucumber J1 P1 III II I cultivars R R W Ashley H H H PI : H (Healthy) : R (Rot) : W (Wilt) W (Wilt): Wilting with stem and root vessles discoloration, R (Rot): Corrtical rot of stem and root, H (Healthy): Healthy, without wilting and rot symptoms of stem and root 184
9 Jakie Festival Ayat SR36 PSR Khassib FDC Ayat Storm Negeen Nasco Janette CB PV Rubahs Rubahl,PSR Nicoo100.(3 2 1 ) P1 isolate J1 isolate Disease severity (03) Festival Nasco Rubahs Rubahl Khassib SR Nicoo100 Janette psr psr Cultivars of cucumber 8Ayat Jakie 32Pv FD101 Negeen Storm CB Ayat F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis J 1 P cucumerinum Fig. 1. Comparison of disease severity caused by P 1, J 1 isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum on various cultivars of cucumber 30 days after inoculation under glasshouse conditions 185
10 F. oxysporum f. sp radiciscucumerinum Fig. 2. Comparison the means of fresh weight of root of various cucumber cultivars caused by two isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum in proportion to control plants, 30 days after inoculation under glasshouse conditions fresh weight of shoot (gr) ( ) fresh weight of root (gr) ( ) Cultivars of cucumber Cultivars of cucumber F. oxysporum f sp. radiciscucumerinum Fig. 3. Comparison the means of fresh weight of shoot of various cucumber cultivars caused by two isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum in proportion to control plants, 30 days after inoculation under glasshouse conditions 186
11 (11) F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis cucumerinum F. oxysporum. F. solani F. oxysporum f. sp.. radiciscucumerinum.(11 7 1) 16 ) (.(11).(10) F. oxysporum f. sp. luffae 11.(11 10) F. oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum.... ( 1729) F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum
12 Dominica Amazing Sienna Korinda Aviance Euphoria.(9) Tkw152, 28 Tkw145, Tkw187, Tkw1127, Tkw1228, Astoria, Number one, Rubahs, Columvia,, Festival PSR , PSR , Tkw29, RubahL, Evergreen, Cashmere, Parma, PSR , PSR , TKW197, TKW196, TKW180, TKW168, PSR , PX , Bs , tkw1.(10) 110 ( ).... F. luffae oxysporum f. sp..(11) F. oxysporum f. sp. F. oxysporum melonis f. sp. melonis.(13) (F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum).( ). Festival FDC101 Ayat SR PSR Khassib Jakie Storm ( ) 8Ayat 32PV Negeen Nasco Janette CB Rubahs Rubahl PSR Nicoo100 ) (
13 References 1. Booth C (1971) The genus Fusarium. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England. 237 p. 2. Burgess LW, Summerell A, Bullock S, Gott KP and Backkhouse D (1991) Laboratory manual for Fusarium research. Department of Crop Science University of Sydney and Royal Botanic Garden. 132 p. 3. Cerkauskas RF and Brown J (2001) First Report of Fusarium Stem and Root Rot of Greenhouse Cucumber. Plant Disease 85: Jarvis WR (1992) Cucumber diseases. Reaserch station Harrow, Ontario. Agriculture Canada Publication 1684/E. 49 p. 5. Jarvis WR and Shoemaker RA (1978) Taxonomic status of Fusarium oxysporum causing foot and root rot of tomato. Phytopathology 68: Moreno A, Alferez A, Aviles M, Dianez F, Blanco R, Santos M and Tello JC (2001) First Report of F. oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum on Cucumber in Spain. Plant Disease 85: Nelson PE, Toussoun TA and Marasas WFO (1983) Fusarium Species an Illustrated Manual for Identification. The Pennsylvania State University Press University Park. 193 p. 8. Reverchon S, Monnet Y, Beliard E and Albouvette C (2000) Du Nouveau Surles Fusariosis du Concombr. Phytoma 530: Rose S and Punja ZK (2004) Greenhouse cucumber cultivars differ in susceptibility to Fusarium root and stem rot. Journal of American society for Horticultural science. 10. Shahriari D and Zare R (2006) Fusarium stem and root rot of greenhouse cucumber. 17 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress 2006, Karaj, Iran. 11. Vakalounakis DJ (1996) Root and Stem Rot of Cucumber Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum. Plant Disease 80: Vakalounakis DJ, Wang Z, Fragkiadakis GA, Skaracis GN and Li DB (2004) Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Obtained from Cucumber in China. Plant Disease 88: Vakalounakis DJ, Doulis AG and Klironomou E (2005) Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radiciscucumerinum Attacking Melon under Natural Conditions in Greece. Plant Pathology 54: Weimer JL (1944) Some root rots and a foot rot of lupines in the southeastern part of the United States Journal of Agricultural Researchs 68:
14 Journal of Agriculture, Vol. 11, No. 1, Spring 2009 Investigation the resistance of greenhousecucumber cultivars to Fusarium stem and root rot disease (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum) E. Molavi *, H. Aminian **, H. R. Etebarian *** and D. Shahriari **** Abstract For determination the host range of Fusarium stem and root rot of greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus) that caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum, after isolation, identification and study of pathogenisity, 16 species of several plant families were artificially inoculated with this pathogen by sand and corn meal contaminated with pathogen, two varieties of Cucumis melo, of Cucurbitaceous developed stem and root rot symptoms similar to those that were developed on cucumber. Symptomology and host range studies indicate that this pathogen is F. oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum. Reactions of 20 cucumber cultivars were tested, ranged from susceptible to tolerant to this disease under glasshouse conditions showed that the tolerant cultivars were , Ayat, FDC101, Festival, Jakie, Khassib, PSR , SR and Storm and the most susceptible cultivars were 32PV, 8Ayat, CB , Janette, Nasco, Negeen, Nicoo 100, PSR , Rubahl, Rubahs and. Keywords: Cucumber, Fusarium rot, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radiciscucumerinum, Susceptibility, Tolerant cultivars * Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Entomology and Plant pathology, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran Iran ( emolavi@gmail.com) ** Assistant Professor, Department of Entomology and Plant pathology, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran Iran *** Professor, Department of Entomology and Plant pathology, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran Iran **** Academic press, Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Research Center of Varamin, Tehran Iran
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