4. 10/09/14 Ch. 5: Populations /22/14 Ch. 2: Chemistry of Life 55
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1 Table of Contents # Date Title Page # /02/14 Ch. 1: The Science of Biology 09/16/14 Ch. 4: Ecosystems and Communities /23/14 Ch. 3: The Biosphere /09/14 Ch. 5: Populations /22/14 Ch. 2: Chemistry of Life 55 i 1
2 10/22/14 Ch 2: The Chemistry of Life 55 JQ: Parts of an atom: 2
3 10/22/14 Ch 2: The Chemistry of Life 55 Objective: Students will be able to identify, describe, and explain the function of macromolecules. Key Terms nutrient: a chemical substance that an organism needs to sustain life macromolecule: a large carbon compound eg: protein, carbohydrate, lipid, nucleic acid polymer: a large molecule made up of smaller parts (monomers) monomer: small individual parts that make up a larger molecule (polymer) ATP: Usable form of energy in the cell; a nucleic acid 3
4 10/22/14 Ch 2: The Chemistry of Life 12 Lab: Identifying Organic Compounds FQ: TQ: A2 B1 B2 c Can organic compounds found in food be identified? Testable Question(s) WHEN one drop of (food) is smeared on b and dried, WILL the brown paper be s are present? WHEN (food) is placed in a test tube with _ of Iodine solution, WILL the indicator change to show are present? WHEN (food) is placed in a test tube with _ of solution, WILL the indicator change from blue yellow, orange, or red showing sugars are present? WHEN (food) is placed in a test tube with _ of Biuret s solution, WILL the indicator change to sho are present? Hypotheses: Food Lipid Carbohydrate (Starch) Carbohydrate (Sugar) Protein distilled water Because Because Because Because Because Because Because Because Because Because Because Because Hypotheses: Write in If..Then...Because format Example: IF 5 ml of "choco-drink" is placed in a test tube with 5 drops of Biuret's solution, THEN the indicator will change to pink, BECAUSE the nutrition label states that 5 g of protein are present in every serving of "choco-drink." 4
5 5
6 Procedure 1. Part A2. Testing for Lipids For another test for lipids, divide a piece of a brown paper bag into 3 equal sections. In each section, write the name of one test substance, as shown Distilled water Unknown A Unknown B 2. In each section, place a small drop of the identified food onto the brown paper. With a paper towel, wipe off any excess pieces of food that may stick to the paper. Set the paper aside until the spots appear dry about 10 to 15 minutes. 3. Hold the piece of brown paper up to a bright light or window. You will notice that some foods leave a translucent spot on the brown paper. The translucent spot indicates the presence of lipids. Record data. 6
7 1. 2. Part B1. Testing for starches Place 3 test tubes in a test tube rack. Use tape to make labels for each test tube. Write the name of a different food sample (listed in Materials) on each masking tape label. Label the third test tube distilled water. To test for starch, fill each cleaned test tube with 5 ml of the substance indicated on the masking tape label. Add 5 drops of iodine solution to each test tube. Iodine will change color from yellow brown to blueblack in the presence of starch. 3. Gently shake the contents of each test tube. CAUTION: Use extreme caution when using iodine as it is poisonous and can also stain hands and clothing. In the Data Table, record any color changes and place a check mark next to those substances testing positive for starch. 4. Wash the test tubes thoroughly with soapy water and rinse completely Part B2. Testing for sugars: For a sugar test set up a hot water bath as shown in Figure 3. Half fill the beaker with tap water. Heat the water to a gentle boil. CAUTION: Use extreme care when working w hot water. Do not let the water splash onto you hands. Place 3 test tubes in a test tube rack. Use tape to make labels for each test tube. Write the name of a different food sample (listed in Materials) on each masking tape label. Label t third test tube distilled water. While the water bath is heating, fill each cleane test tube with 5 ml of the substance indicated the masking tape label. Add 10 drops of Benedict s solution to each test tube. Gently shake the contents of each test tube. CAUTION: Use extreme caution when using Benedict s solution to avoid staining hands or clothing. 5. Place the test tubes in the hot water bath. Hea the test tubes for 3 to 5 minutes. With the testtube holder, remove the test tubes from the ho water bath and place them back in the test tub rack. When heated, Benedict s solution will change color from blue to green, yellow, orang or red in the presence of a simple sugar, or monosaccharide. CAUTION: Never touch hot test tubes with your bare hands. Always use a test tube holder to handle hot test tubes. In the Data Table, record any color changes and plac a check mark next to any substances that test positive for a simple sugar. 6. After they have cooled, wash the test tubes thoroughly. 7
8 1. 2. Part C. Testing for Proteins Place 3 test tubes in a test tube rack. Use tape to make labels for each test tube. Write the name of a different food sample (listed in Materials) on each masking tape label. Label the third test tube distilled water. Put 5 ml of the appropriate substance in each labeled test tube. Add 5 drops of biuret reagent to each test tube. CAUTION: Biuret reagent contains sodium hydroxide, a strong base. If you splash any reagent on yourself, wash it off immediately with water. Call your teacher for assistance. 3. Gently shake the contents of each test tube. Biuret reagent changes color from a blue/violet color to pink in the presence of protein. In the Data Table, record any changes in color and place a check mark next to any substances that test positively for protein. 4. Clean test tubes 8
9 10/27/14 Ch 2: The Chemistry of Life (cont'd) 48 Objective: Students will be able to identify, describe, and explain the function of macromolecules. Macromolecule Provides Energy? Components Function Protein Lipid Carbohydrate Nucleic Acid Use this chart and Section 2.3 of the Book to answer Check Your Understanding Questions #'s 1-3, 5, p. 41 9
10 10/27/14 Ch 2: The Chemistry of Life (cont'd) 48 Objective: Students will be able to identify, describe, and explain the function of macromolecules. Macromolecule Provides Energy? Components Function Protein Lipid Carbohydrate Nucleic Acid Use this chart and Section 2.3 of the Book to answer Check Your Understanding Questions #'s 1-3, 5, p
11 Brain LUNCH: Nachos, beans, Gatorade Lungs Esophagus Trachea Macromolecules present: Liver Stomach Large Intestine What Happens: Food: Small Intestine Bladder How: Result: From Food to ATP Summary Statement: You eat nutrients, that contain macromolecules, that you break down to get energy and CHONPS, that you use to build more macromolecules. 11
12 Chemistry of Life (cont'd) 10/28/14 60 Analysis Questions 12
13 Chemistry of Life (cont'd) 10/28/14 60 More Post-Lab Questions If the macromolecules are used to "build and run" an organism, where do organisms get the matter to "build and run" themselves? Besides the macromolecules described on the food label, what other substances does a food label identify? What do you need these for? Labels on food usually state the number of grams of protein in one serving. Can biuret reagent be used to find out this information? Explain your reason. 13
14 Review for Quiz 14
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