Growing bones. Baby s s bones are made from cartilage Babies have 300 bones Adults have 206. bones
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1 Body Systems
2 Objectives Students should be able to list the different body systems Students should be able to give a general function of each of the body systems Students should be able to tell the differences in the kinds of muscles of the body
3 Skeletal system Periosteum Outer part Dense Has nerves and blood vessels Compact Bone Smooth and hard Spongy bone Very strong but not hard Looks like a sponge Marrow Thick jelly Makes blood cells
4 Growing bones Baby s s bones are made from cartilage Babies have 300 bones Adults have 206 bones During childhood bones grow and replace cartilage Bones grow until age 25
5 The Spine Protects the spinal cord Made of 26 vertebrae Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx In between are disks
6 The Ribs Protect heart and lungs Come in 12 pairs Middle is called sternum Last 2 pairs are floating ribs
7 The Skull Protects your brain Made of 29 bones Except for mandibles, they are connected by sutures Babies are born with holes in the skull
8 Protecting your bones Wear a helmet Wear wrist support, elbow and knee pads Use right equipment when playing a sport Drink milk, eat dairy products Exercise to strengthen bones
9 Digestive system Starts in the mouth Teeth Chew the food Saliva breaks down food Tongue pushes food down to esophagus Esophagus! Stomach Muscles squeeze food down
10 In the stomach Stores food Breaks down food Empties food into small intestine In the small intestine Breaks down the food even more Extracts vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats Becomes a watery mixture
11 Large intestine Left over food material the body doesn t t use Gets harder and harder Colon is last chance to absorb food material
12 Pancreas, gallbladder, liver send juices to help absorb and break down foods Liver makes bile Send fats to the blood stream Gallbladder stores the bile
13 Helping your digestive system Drink lots of water Eat a healthy diet Eat fiber
14 Muscular system 600 muscles in the body 3 types of muscles Smooth Cardiac Skeletal
15 Smooth muscle Involuntary Found in the urinary and digestive system Push out food, waste, or babies In the eye, keep eyes focused
16 Cardiac Muscle Only found in the heart Involuntary Pacemaker cells keep the heart beating
17 Skeletal Muscle Voluntary Striated Attaches to one end of a bone Crosses the joint Attached to another bone
18 Circulatory System Delivers blood to the body tissues Blood carries nutrients and oxygen 2,000 gallons of blood travel 60,000 or blood vessels 2 loops: pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation Pulmonary circulation heart and lungs Systemic circulation heart to all parts of the body
19 Beats times a minute 4 chambers Bottom: right and left ventricles Top: right and left atria Blood vessels carrying blood away are Arteries Blood vessels carrying blood to heart are veins The heart
20 Arrhythmia Hypertension Cardiomyopathy Hyperlipidemia/ hypercholesterol emia Diseases
21 Respiratory systems Nose, throat, windpipe and lungs Take in oxygen Get rid of carbon dioxide Filters out foreign particles Cilia filter out the air in the nose
22 Path of oxygen Nose to pharynx Pharynx to larynx (vocal cords) Larynx to trachea Trachea to bronchi (left and right) Bronchi to bronchioles Bronchioles to alveoli (little sacs) Alveoli to capillaries (by diffusion) Capillaries to hemoglobin
23 Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain and Spinal Cord Nervous system Peripheral Nervous System All nerves in the body
24 Divided by corpus colossum Left: logical, analytical, objective (math) Right: intuitive, creative, subjective (music) Cortex is the outer part (cerebrum) Cerebellum The Brain
25 Neurons get a message Send message to the brain Brain sends the message to body How it works
26 Urinary System Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra Eliminate waste from blood Maintain water balance in the body Regulates salt levels Stimulates the body to produce red blood cells
27 Blood to Urine Blood travels through renal artery to cortex Cortex to the nephrons (filtering units) Nephrons have glomerulus (with blood capillaries) to tubule In tubule filter out waste products Blood levels through renal vein back to heart Urine is made from waste products
28 The skin Epidermis Integumentary System Contain melanocytes, keratinocytes, and langerhan cells Dermis Blood vessles, never endings, connective tissue, collagen, elastin Subcutaneous tissue Sweat glands, blood vessels, fat storing cells
29 Hair shaft Projects from skin surface Root Thick base in bedded in skin Hair bulb At the end of the root Follicle Where the hair grows Papilla Below shaft where hair grows Hair
30 Lymphatic System Defends against disease keep fluid levels in balance Made of lymphatic vessels that carry lymph Drains fluid that collects in the tissue Returns the fluid to the blood Without it we would swell
31 Germs are filtered out at lymph nodes Lymph nodes have lymphocytes Lymphocytes make antibodies Spleen has macrophages
32 To get rid of waste Lymph fluid drains into capillaries Allow nutrients to pass through to other cells but take away the waste Lymph vessels collect the waste and return it to the blood
33 To fight disease Lymph fluid enters into lymph nodes to fight off disease After it has been fought the remains go into the blood
34 Reproductive system Female reproductive system External: Vulva, mons pubis, labia, clitoris, opening of the urethra Internal: Vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries Produces eggs (ova), sexual intercourse, protect and nourish fertilized eggs, give birth
35 Reproductive system Male reproductive system Testicles, duct system (epididymis( epididymis, vas deferens) seminal vesicles and prostate gland, the penis
36 Review Bones are solid structures T F The teeth and tongue are some of the parts of the digestive system T F Smooth muscle is found in the digestive system T F The heart has chambers The respiratory system starts in the and ends in the What are the names of the two nervous systems The urinary system helps the body to eliminate waste T F List some structures of the integumentary system The lymphatic system helps us fight disease T F The reproductive system is important for us to reproduce T F
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