Overview of the Sonac products for Aquafeed. May 2013 Carine van Vuure, MSc. Manager Nutrition & Regulatory Affairs

Transcription

1 Overview of the Sonac products for Aquafeed May 2013 Carine van Vuure, MSc. Manager Nutrition & Regulatory Affairs

2 Table of content Feed applications of animal by products istock.com Sustainability, quality and safety Conclusions 2

3 Feed applications of animal by products Animal fat Blood meal and Blood products Hydrolysates (non ruminant) Di and tri calcium phosphates Processed animal proteins 3

4 Animal Fats: -> FFA, PO, origin (Sonac portfolio) Fats Max FFA (%) Max peroxide (meq/kg) Specific Characteristics 4 Poultry fat 5% / 10% 6 Poultry origin Animal fat 15% 6 Porcine / bovine origin Pork fat 1% / 2% / 5% / 15% 3 / 6 Porcine origin Lard 1% / 2% 3 / 6 Porcine origin, food grade Tallow 1% / 2% 3 / 6 Bovine origin, food grade 4

5 Fatty acid composition of edible fats Source: NPR Guideline (some typical FA) Name Rape Soya Linseed Palm Fish Poultry Pork Bovine <C Danish C12:0 Lauric C14:0 Myristic C16:0 Palmitic C16:1 Palmitol eic ω C18:0 Stearic C18:1 Oleic ω C18:2 Linoleic ω6 C18:3 α- Linolenic ω C20:5 EPA ω C22:6 DHA ω

6 Lipids from animal origin Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC, %) of oils and fats fed at different water temperatures to rainbow trout (overview) Water Temperatures Oils and Fats Low/high melting point C 5 C 10 C 15 C Fish Oil Rapeseed Oil 0/ Soybean Oil -7/ Linseed Oil -18/ Lard 28/ Tallow 45/ Remark: Lard normally 38ºC 6

7 Poultry fat: a nice alternative for plant oils 7

8 Also no organoleptic differences (taste panel) Trial 2008: 5% fish oil replaced by Porc Bone Oil and poultry oil in diets for rainbow trout (kept at 16ºC) Average weight (g) Growth of Trout receiving different Oils Fish Oil Porc Bone Oil Poultry Oil Poultry/Fish Oil Porc oil 15ºC Poultry oil 2ºC 40 Days Further trial: 9 % rapeseed oil replaced by poultry fat* max 5 FFA: no differences! * NB. Poultry fat = Melting point 30 C Terpstra,

9 Feed applications of animal by products Animal fat Blood meal and blood products Hydrolysates (non ruminant) Di and tri calcium phosphates Processed animal proteins 9

10 Drying systems for blood meal/products digestibility Mink digestibility: Remarks: Spray dryer >90% Drying is costly Flash dryer? Drying is costly Paddle dryer 84% Drum dryer 70% Disk dryer 50% Drying is cheap 10

11 Experiments in Seabream 2010 Influence of drying method: HGP = Haemoglobin powder => spray dried PBM = Poultry blood meal => drum dried SPAROS Lda. Centro Regional para a Inovação do Algarve Universidade do Algarve Campus Gambelas Faro Portugal Apparent digestibility coefficients (%) protein, in gilthead seabream fed the various experimental diets. Bars are means ± standard deviation (n=2). 11

12 Feed applications of animal by products Animal fat Blood meal and blood products Hydrolysates (non ruminant) Di and tri calcium phosphates Processed animal proteins 12

13 Non-Ruminant Hydrolyzates Gelatine Hydrolysate: Source of amino acids and peptides High Hydroxyproline content (12%) Mucosa Hydrolysate: Intestinal growth factors (agriculture literature) Source of amino acids and peptides Juvenile fish Meat Soluble Hydrolyzate Palatant and Attractant Fish Meal replacement Hydrolyzed Feather Protein Extrusion improves digestibility Versatile application in fish diets Phosterol (a new product, samples available) Natural combination of cholesterol and phospholipids Shrimps relay on cholesterol for optimal molting 13

14 Hydrolyzed Gelatin in Aqua Diets 12% Hydroxyproline content Hydroxyproline improves growth in Salmon (Fiskenforskning June 2007 Feedinfo Service) Hydroxyproline improved muscle firmness 5 10% after 1 to 2 weeks of storage (Nofima, Sirnes E., July 2009) 14

15 Hydroxyproline a forgotten nutrient HYP can be a limiting factor 15

16 MucoPro - improved feed intake of young animals Type of product Hydrolyzed protein with high content of amino acids and peptides Raw material Porcine mucosal tissue from intestines Als available as a Mix: Palapro = Mucopro + Plasma or Mucodigest = Mucopro + soya Application Feed: Mainly young animals MucoPro 16 16

17 Production of Hydrolyzed mucosa proteins 17

18 18

19 amino acid profile of different high quality protein sources 20 in % of N MucoPro whey fish meal soya potato protein 0 lys met cys thr trp ile val arg his leu glu 19

20 Piglets prefer the taste of hydrolyzed mucosa Dried porcine solubles = hydrolyzed mucosa Sola-Oriol, 2008

21 Effect of the inclusion of MucoPro in trout starter diets (CRC, Netherlands) Experimental set up: 80 trout larvae of 0,2 g per tank of 45l. 3 replicates per group Temperature was 15 C Diets were fed for 54 days Feed gift was adjusted daily according to an expected growth Oxygen levels of the tanks were measured regularly and were between ppm 21

22 Results Terpstra,

23 Effect of the inclusion of MucoPro in trout starter diets Preference MucoPro2.5 MucoPro5 Initial weight (g) Final weight (g) Initial total biomass (g/tank) Final biomass (g/tank) Feed intake (g/tank) FCR There was no growth difference between the group fed the reference diet and the group fed a diet with 2.5 % MucoPro. The group fed the 5 % MucoPro diet had faster growth, although differences were not significantly different. Remark: The sodium/sulphite/sulphate content proved to be an upper limit for the use of Mucopro60 for young trout (larvae) nb 10% was too high Sonac has been investing in a unique de-salting technique. This desalted Mucopro 80 is available as from 2012! Terpstra,

24 Effect of the inclusion of MucoPro in trout grower diets Referenc e MucoPro2 MucoPro4 MucoPro6 Initial weight (g) Final weight (g) Initial total biomass (g/tank) Final biomass (g/tank) Feed intake (g/tank) Daily growth Coefficient 3,80 3,80 3,79 3,83 FCR 0, There was no growth or FCR difference between the group fed the reference diet (fish meal) and the groups fed a diet with 2, 4 or 6 % MucoPro. No statistical differences were observed in mortality. Terpstra,

25 MucoPro and Pro-Bind Plus in low fish meal diets for juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei MucoPro and ProBind Plus in comparison with hydrolyzed fish proteins (CPSP) in low fish meal diets for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. 7 6 Growth L.vannamei 5 4 g Ref MucoPro2 MucoPro5 CPSP2 PBP2 days De Muylder, 2009

26 Gelko (Hydrolzyed Meat Solubles) in Aqua Diets Production Steps: (1) Protein and fat removed from food-grade porcine bones (2) Hydrolyzed protein solution condensed to 40% solids (3) Spray dried into powder form Nutrients: 68% Protein 18% Fat Studies: Able to partly replace fish meal in shrimp (Hertrampf et al, 2006) and grouper diets (Milamena et al, 2001) Hydrolyzed Proteins: Free peptides act as palatants and attractants Digestibility: Ingredient CP(%) Digestibility (DH%) Meat Solubles (liquid) Meat Solubles (flash-dried) Soybean meal (as reference) Fish Meal (Anchovy)

27 Digestibility study with trout CRC, Terpstra 2012 % of total protein derived from: MucoPro 50% Gelko 50% Fish meal 100% soy concentr. 100% % protein from fishmeal 47,4 (6% oil) 46,2 93,9 0 Body weight Initial 130,1 ± 3,1 140,8 ± 0,5 171,1 ± 4,5 156,3 ± 4,9 Body Weight Final 151,1 ± 2,2 158,9 ± 0,2 193 ± 3,9 176,1 ± 5,9 Feed Conversion Rate 0,80 ± 0,05 a 1,10 ± 0,04 b 1,08 ± 0,05 b 1,10 ± 0,03 b Gross Energy conversion ratio 17,53 ± 0,99 25,26 ± 1,01 24,8 ± 1,22 25,80 ± 0,67 Protein Digestibility % (n=6) 94,64 ± 0,47 ab 93,4 ± 0,34 bc 92,34 ± 0,76 b 95,24 ± 0,57 ac Gross Energy Digestibility % (n=6) 89,37 ± 0,61 a 85,93 ± 0,69 c 91,07 ± 0,53 e 87,97 ± 0,44 b FCR: the lowest FCR was observed on the MucoPro diet, and this low FCR could not solely be explained by the energy digestibility of the MucoPro. It appears that the energy in the MucoPro diets was more efficiently used than in the other diets as reflected in the low energy conversion ratio (ECR). 27

28 Shrimp trial (Gamberoni farm, Italy) % Initial Weight Final Weight Growth (G/week) Mortality FCR REF - 1,31 10,81 1,58 9,53 1,18 Cholesterol/Phospholipid hydrolysate * 0,9 1,17 10,25 1,51 5,94 0,99 Gelko 2% 2 1,26 10,56 1,55 6,41 1,07 De Muylder, 2012 * Phosterol 28

29 Kerapro in aqua feeds Hydrolyzed feather proteins: High protein content >> 80% Pepsin digestibility >> 70% 29

30 Kerapro in aqua feeds: effect of extrusion Raw material Final Product Raw material Final Product Moisture Crude fat Crude ash Crude protein Pepsin HCl digestibility Boisen digestibility Hydrolysed Feather Protein Sonac Hydrolysed Feather Protein Sonac Extrusion: > 7% pepsin digestibility improvement Hydrolysed Feather Protein has already high pepsin digestibility (75 80%) 30

31 Apparent digestibility in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, fat, energy and phosphorus in seabream fed the various experimental diets. HD: feathermeal HD EX: feathermeal extruded Trial 2013 Dry matter, % Protein, % Fat, % Energy, % REF 69.0 ± 0.2 a 90.3 ± 0.1 ab 93.3 ± 0.1 ab 88.3 ± 0.3 c HD ± 0.2 a 90.3 ± 0.1 ab 94.0 ± 1.2 abc 87.1 ± 0.4 bc HD ± 1.5 b 91.3 ± 1.0 b 94.0 ± 1.1 abc 88.4 ± 0.9 c EX ± 0.4 ab 90.5 ± 0.2 ab 94.5 ± 0.1 abc 87.6 ± 0.2 bc EX ± 1.8 a 89.4 ± 0.9 a 92.7 ± 1.4 a 88.4 ± 0.5 c Responsible at SPAROS: Luís Conceição SPAROS Lda. 31

32 Phosterol 33

33 Phosterol (a new product, samples available) Natural combination of cholesterol and phospholipids Shrimps relay on cholesterol for optimal molting 34

34 Phosterol (a new product, samples available) 35

35 Feed applications of animal by products Animal fat Blood meal Blood products (porcine) Hydrolysates (non ruminant) Di and tri calcium phosphates Processed animal proteins 36

36 Issues on di and tri calcium phosphates Di Calcium phosphate: Low level heavy metals Used in diets for all food producing animals Usage in aqua feed? In diets with low levels of animal / fish proteins? Tri Calcium phosphate (Hydroxy apatite = bone matrix): Contains 12% of protein (collagen) High biological value for laying hens Usage in aqua feed? In diets with low levels of animal / fish proteins? 37

37 Bone Minerals: -> Ca, P Complete range of animal origin minerals (co-product gelatine): Delfos, DCP Calfos, TCP (Hydroxy apatite) * Negative means: no increased radiation compared to background ** Derived from database contaminants DOS (Netherlands) Contaminant Units Max Delfos Calfos Phosphate** Arsenic mg/kg 10 <1 1,7 5 Cadmium mg/kg 10 <1 0,13 5 Fluorine mg/kg < Lead mg/kg 15 <0,2 <0,2 5 Aluminium mg/kg n.a. <10 0, Dioxin ngteq/kg 0,5 <0,11 <0,11 0,17 Radio-activity* Bq/unit n.a. Cadmium 109 Negative Negative 1,8*10 4 Radium 226 Negative Negative 1,1*10 4 Americanum 241 Negative Negative 8*

38 Animal proteins: -> wide range CP, CFat, C Ash C protein C fat C ash % BM 37 MBM 50 MM 65 PMM 63 GM 83 FM 80 BM 90 + specialties BM = Bone Meal, M(B)M = Meat (Bone) Meal, PMM = Poultry Meat Meal, GM = Greaves Meal, FM = Feather Meal and BM = Blood Meal 40

39 Nutritional Considerations: Poultry meal 70 Pork Meal has a light colour and has been stabilized with Antioxidants Crude protein (NEN- ISO 5983: 1998) Soluble in pepsin HCL (NEN-ISO 6655:1997) 70,5 % 87 % Crude fat (after acid hydrolysis) 8,4 % ME (poultry) 13,9 MJ/kg Ash 12,7 % Calcium / Phosphorus 3,3 % / 2,7 % PO / Rancimat 2 meq/kg / > 48 hours 41

40 Nutritional Considerations: Pork meal 60 Pork Meal has a light colour and has been stabilized with Antioxidants Crude protein (NEN- ISO 5983: 1998) Soluble in pepsin HCL (NEN-ISO 6655:1997) 60 % 90 % Crude fat (after acid hydrolysis) 14,5 % ME (poultry) 13,7 MJ/kg Ash 18 % Calcium / Phosphorus 7.2 % / 3.8 % PO / Rancimat Max. 6 meq/kg / > 20 hours 42

41 Nutritional Considerations: Porcine Blood Meal (Paddle dried) A lysine source Mink digestibility 84% Crude protein (NEN- ISO 5983: 1998) Lysine Methionine Cystine Threonine Tryptophane Iron 97 % 8.9 g/16g N 0.8 g/16 g N 1.3 g/16g N 3.6 g/16 g N 1.6 g/16 g N 2400 mg/kg 43

42 Nutritional Considerations Advised incorporation Compound feed (on finished feed level) Pork meal/ Poultry meal BM About % About 5 % 5 % Hydroysed Feather Meal Pet food % depending on age, type of animal, etc % 5 % Aqua feed About 15 % About 5 % 15 % 44

43 Nutritional Considerations cp lys tot P Pbloodmeal 89 8,3 0,5 Kerapro 85 2,0 0,2 PMBM 50 2,4 6,2 MIX 68 5,2 3,5 Fish meal 66 5,0 2,1 A mix of Poultry Products can act as a fish meal replacer Especially Kerapro and blood meal are good to balance isoleucine levels 45

44 Content of the presentation Feed applications of animal by products Sustainability, quality and safety Conclusions 48

45 Quality and safety Quality PO value (stability, anti oxidants) FFA (freshness of the raw materials) Biogenic amines Digestibility In vitro (pepsin, Boisen) In vivo (mink, trout, etc.) Consistent Absence of foreign materials and contaminants No ruminant DNA (PCR-test) Quality programs (HACCP, ISO, GMP+) Safety EU legislation (999/2001 and 1774/2002& 1069/2009) GMP attitude 49

46 Sustainability: Valorisation of animal by-products is sustainable! Foot print footprint is a metaphor for the total impact of a product Carbon Carbon is all the different greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming CO2 CH4 (methane) N2O In short a product carbon footprint is the full climate change impact of a product 50

47 Carbon Footprint. What is it about? CF aims to systematically study the environmental impacts of a system (product/service/etc) Raw materials Transport Product Processing Transport Product use Example impact calculation CO 2 eq kg CO 2 fossil 1 CO 2 biogenic 0 CH 4 25 N 2 O

48 Production Chain of Hemoglobin Included in the carbon footprint of haemoglobin and plasma powder Electricity from grid Natural gas Animal husbandry (incl. feed supply chain, transport, and manure management) Slaughtering process Fresh meat Slaughter by-products Economical allocations Blood Transport Diesel Separation process and wastewater treatment Electricity (general) Electricity (specific) Electricity (specific) Natural gas Haemoglobin production Plasma production Natural gas Haemoglobin powder 31% 69% Plasma powder 52

49 Sustainability Carbon footprint per kg protein Cat 3 poultry meal Cat 3 mixed meal Soybean meal Palm kernel meal Rapeseed meal Carbon footprint (kg CO 2 eq per kg protein) Carbon footprint cat 3 meal Carbon footprint vegetable meal LULUC emissions cat 3 meal LULUC emissions vegetable meal Ponsioen&Blonk 2010 Figure 4.2: Carbon footprints of cat 3 poultry and mixed meal and three different vegetable meals per kg protein The carbon footprint of cat 3 mixed meal is much lower than the vegetable meals footprints and the carbon footprint of cat 3 poultry meal is in the same range of the vegetable meals The emissions related to land use and land use change (LULUC) are higher for the 53 vegetable meals

50 Sustainability Carbon footprint per tonne Food grade fat Cat 3 poultry fat Cat 3 mixed fat Soybean oil Palm oil Carbon footprint of fat Carbon footprint of oil LULUC emissions of fat LULUC emissions of oil Rapeseed oil Carbon footprint (kg CO 2 eq per tonne) Ponsioen&Blonk 2010 Figure 4.1: Carbon footprints of cat 3 poultry and mixed fat and food grade fat and three different vegetable oils per tonne of product The carbon footprints of cat 3 poultry and mixed fat and food grade fat are much lower than the vegetable oils The emissions related to land use and land use change (LULUC) are higher for the vegetable oils NB. The comparison is only to provide indicative information. The figures of the vegetable oils are 54 based on average situations or on hypothetical situations

51 Sustainability Carbon footprint per kg protein Fish meal Haemoglobin powder (pig) Calculated (upstream) Calculated (transport & processing) Best case Worst case Carbon footprint (kg CO 2 eq per kg of product) Land use change (kg CO 2 eq per kg of product) Ponsioen&Blonk 2011 Fish meal is made from complete fish or from fish by-products resulting in a large difference between best and worst case carbon footprints Carbon footprint of fish meal is larger 55

52 Content of the presentation Feed applications of animal by products Sustainability, quality and safety Conclusions 56

53 Conclusions ANIMAL BY-PRODUCTS ARE: A sustainable source of proteins, fats and minerals Highly nutritional Available in substantial quantities Safe Excellent price / value ratio! 57

54 Final remarks / Questions 58