ROVIMIX STAY-C 35. The vitamin C form for fish and shrimp. DSM Nutritional Products

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1 ROVIMIX The vitamin C form for fish and shrimp DSM Nutritional Products

2 ROVIMIX ROVIMIX designed for maximum stability in aggressively produced extruded diets. Fully bioavailable in salmon and trout. ROVIMIX ideal for shrimp diets superior stability ensures optimum vitamin C levels in feeds submerged in water. ROVIMIX is the superior, cost effective vitamin C source. It is THE proven industry standard.

3 Problems Vitamin C is necessary for all fish and shrimp Vitamin C is very unstable and must be protected Free vitamin C or coated vitamin C is unstable Many vitamin C products have variable handling properties Many vitamin C products have variable ascorbic acid content Product Benefits is a fully bioav is THE stable s is proven to be competing vitamin C forms is fully optimis has a guarante equivalents is THE original for aquaculture ROVIMIX Vitamin C Requirement Survival (%) of Penaeus vannamei fed graded levels of vitamin C 1 1 Ascorbic acid concentration in the liver of Atlantic salmon fed on diets with different ascorbate sources Survival (%) Vitamin C dose (mg/kg diet) Day 1-14 Day He & Lawrence, 1993 Vitamin C is a requirement for the survival of shrimp and fish and must be included in the diet at a sufficient level to ensure good growth & survival. Ascobic acid, µg/g weeks Kestin et al., weeks Coated ascorbic acid 12 weeks Comparison of the bioavailability of free ascorbic acid versus ascorbyl monophosphate in Atlantic salmon Ascorbic acid deposition in the tissues of shrimp fed diets with various ascorbate sources (25 mg/kg) for 8 weeks Liver Ascobic acid (µg/g) Dietary dose (mg/kg) Studies have demonstrated that ascorbyl monophosphate (e.g. ) is as bioavailable as free ascorbic acid. Ascobic acid (µg/g) Muscle Hepatopancreas Ascorbic Acid Ascorbic-2-monophosphate Coated ascorbic acid Waagbo and Maage, Ed. K. Dabrowski, 2 Fletcher et al., 1997

4 ailable vitamin C form ource of vitamin C in aquafeeds more stable and cost effective than ed for superior handling properties ed minimum level of 35% vitamin C, industry standard vitamin C source Ascorbic acid concentration in the liver of sea bream fed on diets with different ascorbate sources 1 8 Ascobic acid, µg/g Day 2 Day 4 Day 1 Day 21 Day 4 No vitamin C Coated ascorbic acid Alexis et al., 1997 Numerous studies have demonstrated that is more bioavailable than coated ascorbic acid in salmonids, shrimp and marine species. of vitamin C in fish is indicated by the levels of free ascorbic acid in liver, kidney and plasma. In shrimp, the concentration of free ascorbic acid in the whole body and hepatopancreas is a measure of bioavailability.

5 ROVIMIX The vitamin C form for fish and shrimp competitor product comparisons Mixability mixability in aquafeed Homogeneity of mixing of ROVIMIX in a pelleted fish feed ROVIMIX competitor A competitor B competitor C Vitamin C equiv., mg/kg Sample No superior product quality ensures good flowability and mixability in aquafeed. Gadiant, 1997 stability in salmon and shrimp feeds Retention of in extruded (137 C) salmonid feeds (* corrected for added oil and moisture content) 1 stability through shrimp feed manufacture (recovery as % added) 1 Ascobic acid recovery (% initial) Ascobic acid recovery (% added) Trial 1 (15 mg/kg) Trial 2 (2 mg/kg) Trial 3 (1 mg/kg) Coated A Coated B Mash Extrudate* DSM, 24 Gabaudan et al., 1997 stability during storage of extruded salmon feed (recovery as % added) stability during storage of shrimp feed (recovery as % initial) 1 1 Ascobic acid recovery (% added) After extrusion 12 weeks storage Ascobic acid recovery (% initial) wks storage 8 wks storage Dietary dose (mg/kg) has excellent stability during diet manufacture and storage, compared to other vitamin C forms. Gadient et al., 1997 DSM, 24 Coated A Coated B

6 Recommended inclusion rates of ROVIMIX in feeds for aquaculture species Species Recommended ROVIMIX vitamin C inclusion* supplementation* (g/tonne feed) (mg/kg feed) Trout Salmon Carp Catfish Seabream/Seabass Eel Tilapia Shrimp * amounts should be increased by 3 % for fry and broodstock For wound healing, stimulation of immune response and winter feeding: 1 mg vitamin C/kg feed designed by: graphic art studio GAS.Grenzach@t-online.de 2/ ROVIMIX can also be used in all aggressively produced types of feed, such as: high-temperature pelleted feeds expanded or extruded feeds for land-based animals and pets. ROVIMIX may be added: to the feed during mixing or incorporated in the premix DSM Nutritional Products P.O. Box 3255 CH-42 Basel Switzerland 2