Platyhelminthes. Presentation by Brendan, John, and Kunio Period 6 3/12/10. Slide by Brendan
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1 Platyhelminthes Presentation by Brendan, John, and Kunio Period 6 3/12/10 Slide by Brendan
2 Intro Phyla: Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) marine, freshwater, and damp habitats called Flatworms because their bodies are thin between the dorsal (top side) and ventral (bottom side) surfaces 4 classes Monogenea Trematoda Cestoda Turbellaria Slide by Brendan
3 Sample Platyhelminthes Diplozoon paradoxum (Monogenea) Taenia saginata (Cestoda) dule/lm5/bilder_05/lm5217diplo.jpg Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda) _Schistosoma.jpg Prosthoceraeus giesbrechti (Turbellaria) Slide by Brendan mages/search?q=prost hoceraeus&go=&form= QBIR&qs=n#focal=c25f 34d88cedf455841ef16 b8b381a0e&furl=http% 3A%2F%2Fwww.horta. uac.pt%2fspecies%2fpl athelminthes%2fprost hoceraeus_giesbrechti %2FProsthoceraeus_gi esbrechti.jpg
4 Classes Turbellaria: Mostly marine, body surface ciliated (flatworms) Monogenea: Marine parasites, ciliated larva infects host (monogeneans) Trematoda: Parasites, life cycles include intermediate hosts (trematodes) Cestoda: Parasites of vertebrates, no head or digestive system (tapeworms) Brendan Davis
5 Body Cavity Acoelomates No body cavity other than gut No anus so the same pharyngeal opening takes in food and expels waste Gut Slide by Brendan
6 Body Symmetry They are bilaterally symmetrical. They can be folded in half over a line running from head to tail Triploblastic Composed of three layers: Ectoderm (outer) Mesoderm (middle) Endoderm (center) Slide by Brendan
7 Nervous System Cephalization can be seen within Platyhelminthes through the ganglia: two dense clusters of nerve cells that function as two brains A pair of ventral nerve cords emerge from the ganglia that run the length of the body Kunio Iwata!
8 Circulatory System No specialized circulatory organs Kunio Iwata!
9 Excretory System Protonephridial tubules Flame cells: blind ended enlargements of tubules within which beat flagella. This lets out excess water as well as waste. The pharynx also serves as an organ in which excretion may occur. M = Mesoderm F = Flagella P N T = Protonephridial Tubule Kunio Iwata!
10 Locomotion/Musculature Locomotion can take place in one of two ways: Movement by cilia (in which some move along slime trails by beating epidermal cilia) Muscle contraction Kunio Iwata!
11 Skeletal Structure Platyhelminthes have no skeletal system. John Qiu
12 Sensory Structures/Features Flatworms have eyespots on their head region. They have photoreceptors and cells that can distinguish colors. John Qiu
13 Reproduction Asexual reproduction occurs from fragmentation or binary fission. Flatworms are also hermaphrodites, so sexual reproduction can occur as well. John Qiu
14 Gas Exchange Gas exchange occurs on the cellular level, by diffusion. Endoparasites go through anaerobic metabolism, or fermentation. John Qiu
15 Unique Characteristics Lack of body cavity. 3 layers of the body (middle mesoderm.) Dorsoventrally flattened. Has a mouth but no anus. John Qiu
16 Quiz 1. What type of symmetry do Platyhelminthes have? 2. Why are they often called Flatworms 3. What are ganglia and what function do they serve? 4. What are two ways in which movement can occur? 5. How can flatworms go through asexual reproduction? A. External forces B. Binary fission C. Supertwisting D. Impossible 6. How does gas exchange occur in flatworms? A. Diffusion B. Using its anus C. Expelling from the mouth D. Opens its body cavity Slide by Brendan
17 Answers 1. Bilateral Symmetry 2. Thin between dorsal and ventral sides 3. Dense cluster of nerve cells that function as the brains 4. Movement by cilia and muscle contraction 5. B, Binary Fission 6. A, Diffusion Slide by Brendan
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Lesson 9A Tissues in Animals Levels of Organization in the Human Body Similar types of cells Different types of tissues Different organs Many organ systems cell tissue organ organ system organism Levels
Study of different tissues Abnormal cells and tissues can be compared to normal tissues to identify disease, such as cancer Being able to know and
CHAPTER 4 Study of different tissues Abnormal cells and tissues can be compared to normal tissues to identify disease, such as cancer Being able to know and recognize normal tissues under the microscope
The Human Respiration System
The Human Respiration System Nasal Passage Overall function is to filter, warm and moisten air as it enters the body. The nasal passages are the primary site of air movement we tend to be nose breathers.