EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF FLAVONOIDS ON COGNITION

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1 School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF FLAVONOIDS ON COGNITION ALifespan Prospective Dr Daniel Lamport 1 Copyright University of Reading LIMITLESS POTENTIAL LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES LIMITLESS IMPACT

2 LIMITLESS POTENTIAL LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES LIMITLESS IMPACT

3 In the headlines... LIMITLESS POTENTIAL LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES LIMITLESS IMPACT

4 Cognition throughout the lifespan stimulation of cognitive development prevention of cognitive aging ABILITY optimalization of cognitive performance PERFORMANCE infant child adult elderly LIMITLESS POTENTIAL LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES LIMITLESS IMPACT

5 CHILDREN AGED 8-10 LIMITLESS POTENTIAL LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES LIMITLESS IMPACT 5

6 WHYTE, SCHAFER & WILLIAMS (2015) Test Go-NoGo Function Executive Function, response inhibition Flanker Executive Function response interference Treatments: 30g WBB (~240g fresh) 15g WBB (~120g fresh)* Placebo* AVLT PMT Learning, word recall & word Recognition Levels of processing, response interference *Matched for sugars and vitamin C to highest dose LIMITLESS POTENTIAL LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES LIMITLESS IMPACT

7 VERBAL RECALL LIMITLESS POTENTIAL LIMITLESS OPPORTUNITIES LIMITLESS IMPACT 7

8 Reaction Time (ms) Accuracy

9 Healthy young adults & older adults Blueberries consumption (579mg flavonoids) associated with acute improvements in cognition Blueberry powder of 200g blueberries, with semi-skimmed milk N = 19 young adults (20-27 years) and 18 older adults (62-73 years) Dodd 2013 PhD thesis

10 Citrus flavonoids; an acute study healthy males (aged 30-65) Alharbi et al Eur J Nutr

11 Orange juice & processed whole orange, placebo controlled, crossover acute trial (272mg flavonoid dose) 0.20 * p< healthy adults aged years Change from baseline Z-score Alertness Rating 65 % Placebo High Flavonoid 60 Placebo High Flavonoid hours post 6 hours post 55 Baseline 2 hours 6 hours Psychomotor Speed Subjective Alertness Alharbi et al Eur J Nutr

12 Flavonoid-rich Cocoa: Older Adults Acute, Crossover, double-blind. HF = 494mg LF = 23mg 330ml dairy based cocoa drinks Equicaloric (113kcal), matched for theobrom. & caffein N = 63 healthy older adults, aged yrs Saunders et al. under review

13 Chronic effects? We have demonstrated effects across the lifespan for acute flavonoid interventions. Does chronic daily consumption also lead to observable benefits?

14 Orange juice intervention in older adults Flavanone-rich drink: 500ml daily serving of orange juice containing 305mg flavanones Placebo: 500ml daily serving of Orange Squash Participants: N=37, aged years (mean 67), healthy

15 Chronic 8 week orange juice intervention Kean et al AJCN

16 Flavonoid-rich Cocoa Cognitive benefits observed but only if baseline flavanol intake is low Saunders 2009 PhD thesis

17 Habitual flavonoid intake Cross sectional and longitudinal design 76 healthy older adults (29 men and 47 women; mean age 74) All participants performed two identical cognitive assessments in 2010 and Flavonoid intake was assessed with a single dietary assessment upon recruitment using a food frequency questionnaire FFQ. Flavonoid intake was calculated using the FLAVIOLA Food Composition Database.

18 Habitual flavonoid intake The highest flavonoid consumers showed improvements over the past 4 years in Executive Function (Stroop) and Memory (delayed word recall) The lowest consumers showed a decline in performance. Alharbi et al. in prep

19 Habitual flavonoid intake Same pattern observed for MMSE a test of global function in old age. The highest consumers showed maintenance of performance, whereas lowest consumers showed a significant decline.

20 Flavonoids

21 Cocoa flavonoids and increased cerebral blood flow (ASL) The HF LF contrast analysis revealed significantly increased regional perfusion 2 hrs post consumption of the HF drink relative to the LF drink 1. anterior cingulate gyrus 2. central opercular cortex of the left parietal lobe down to a subcluster in the temporal pole Lamport et al Psychopharamcology

22 Blueberries associated with increased Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) N=17 young healthy adults Blueberry powder, the equivalent of 200g blueberries, with semi-skimmed milk BDNF is a secreted protein and part of the neurotrophin family of growth factors which supports the survival and growth of neurons in the brain, and is a biomarker of learning and memory Dodd 2013 PhD thesis

23 Flavonoids for cognition throughout the lifespan stimulation of cognitive development prevention of cognitive aging ABILITY optimalization of cognitive performance PERFORMANCE infant child adult elderly

24 Acknowledgements Prof Laurie Butler Prof Jeremy Spencer Prof Claire Williams Dr Adrian Whyte Dr Deepa Pal Dr Christina Moutsiana Dr Caroline Saunders Dr George Dodd Dr Pauline How Rebecca Kean (PhD student) Mudi Alharbi (PhD student)

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