Optimizing Protein in a Carbohydrate World

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Optimizing Protein in a Carbohydrate World"

Transcription

1 Optimizing Protein in a Carbohydrate World Donald K. Layman, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign The confused consumer 1

2 Myth: Adults eat more protein than they need Myth: Adults eat more protein than they need Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) The lowest level of dietary protein intake that will balance the losses of nitrogen from the body in persons at energy balance with modest levels of physical activity Minimum intake to prevent deficiencies versus Optimum intake for health 2

3 Dietary Reference Intake Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range RDA = Recommended Dietary Allowance Safe Range of Dietary Protein (DRI) Dietary Reference Intake (for protein) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range P P 0.8 g/kg ~56 g/d 10% En > 3.0 g/kg ~225 g/d 35% En 3

4 The paradigm shift from Pyramids to Plates 2010 avoid fat eat grains daily net servings vegetables protein (and dairy) balanced meals What s new in protein research: health of skeletal muscle critical for long term health age related sacropenia functional mobility metabolic health aging reduces efficiency of protein use meal distribution of protein 4

5 A Muscle centric View of Nutrition Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84:475 Metabolic Advantage of Protein (with reduced carbohydrate intakes) improves body composition protects skeletal muscle; targets fat loss increases metabolic rate enhances satiety reduces snacking reverses the Metabolic Syndrome TG, HDL, LDL size FBG, post prandial insulin, BP 5

6 Minimum versus Optimum? what are the critical health outcomes? Growth versus Aging Protein RDA = ? g/kg Meal effects on muscle protein balance 6

7 Muscle protein synthesis after a meal in young versus older adults muscle protein synthesis Meal containing: 15 grams of protein (7 g essential amino acids) Katsanos et at AJCN 82: 1065, 2005 Aging reduces the Efficiency of protein use Cause (?) reduced capillary blood flow reduced membrane transport reduced metabolic signaling*** 7

8 Why do we need protein = Amino Acids Non essential Amino Acids Arg Ala Asn Asp Cys Glu Gln Gly Pro Tyr Essential Amino Acids Lys Met Trp Limiting AA s Thr Leu Phe His Val Ile building blocks for new proteins multiple other metabolic roles Why do we need protein = Amino Acids Non essential Amino Acids Arg Ala Asn Asp Cys Glu Gln Gly Pro Tyr Essential Amino Acids Lys Met Trp Thr Leu Phe His Val Ile = leucine = valine = isoleucine BCAAs Branched chain amino acids 8

9 Metabolic signals from amino acids Neurotransmitters (mood, appetite) gut hormones (GLP1, CCK, PYY) GCN2 (integrated stress response) amino acids Leucine mtorc1 (protein synthesis muscle health) SIRT 1, PGC1 (mitochondria biogenesis) vascular health (nitric oxide) Aging reduces the efficiency of protein use but does not impair the capacity to respond muscle protein synthesis Katsanos et at AJCN 82: 1065, 2005 Symons et al AJCN 86:451, oz of beef ~15 g protein ~ 7 g EAA ~32 g protein ~ 15 g EAA specifically Leucine 9

10 Regulation of Muscle Protein Synthesis Amino acids (leucine) Growth hormones (insulin) Energy (glucose) Stress (exercise) Sestrin2 GATOR2 Akt AMPK GATOR1 TSC1 TSC2 REDD1 AMPK GTP Rag A/B Ragulator Raptor Rag C/D GDP S6K1 eef2k rps6 mtorc1 Rheb eif4e BP1 eif4f eef2 Muscle protein synthesis GTP inhibitor activator regulator Diet Controls Muscle Metabolism insulin leucine mtor protein synthesis 10

11 Plateau of muscle protein synthesis (22 yr old subjects) Moore et al. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89:161 Meal response for adult muscle protein synthesis: Response to leucine content of meal protein synthesis Leucine (g) meal threshold Protein (g)

12 1/18/2018 Meal Patterns: Unbalanced Protein Distribution Balanced Protein Distribution Maximum Protein Synthesis Breakfast Lunch Dinner Breakfast Lunch Dinner ~10 g protein ~20 g protein ~60 g protein ~30 g protein ~30 g protein ~30 g protein Balanced Unbalanced Mamerow et al. J Nutr 144: 876, 2014 Recommendations: 30 g of protein per meal 2.5 g of leucine per meal g protein/kg/day JAMDA 14:542,

13 Protein Quality: Leucine content of proteins Protein source Leucine (%) whey isolate milk protein 9.5 egg white 8.8 meats 8.6 * soy protein 7.8 oat protein 7.8 wheat gluten 6.8 *meats = 8 g protein/oz fish = 5 g protein/oz Metabolic Roles of Leucine and BCAAs stimulates mtor and muscle protein synthesis stabilizes blood glucose with recycling of alanine enhances fatty acid oxidation thru CPT 1 anaplerotic maintenance of TCA cycle enhances innate immunity thru glutamine production enhances vascular function thru arginine production 13

14 Leucine Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle leucine BCAT mtor alpha KIC BCKAD Protein synthesis CPT 1 acyl CoA Fatty acids glucose alanine pyruvate PDH acetyl CoA TCA cycle alpha KG glutamate glutamine mitochondria succinyl CoA Val & Ile Asp arginine Leucine Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle [Leucine] mtor Protein synthesis BCAT alpha KIC BCKAD acetyl CoA TCA cycle [ATP] mitochondria 14

15 Leucine Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle leucine mtor Protein synthesis BCAT alpha KIC BCKAD glucose pyruvate PDH acetyl CoA alanine TCA cycle mitochondria Leucine Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle leucine mtor Protein synthesis BCAT alpha KIC CPT 1 Fatty acids BCKAD acyl CoA glucose pyruvate PDH acetyl CoA alanine TCA cycle mitochondria 15

16 Leucine Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle leucine BCAT mtor alpha KIC BCKAD Protein synthesis CPT 1 acyl CoA Fatty acids glucose alanine pyruvate PDH acetyl CoA TCA NH cycle alpha KG 3 glutamate glutamine Asp mitochondria arginine Leucine Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle leucine BCAT mtor alpha KIC BCKAD Protein synthesis CPT 1 acyl CoA Fatty acids glucose alanine pyruvate PDH acetyl CoA TCA cycle alpha KG glutamate glutamine mitochondria succinyl CoA Val & Ile Asp arginine 16

17 Dietary Reference Intake (Leucine: minimum vs optimum) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range 2 g 8 9 g > 35 g Protein and Exercise (athletes) Exercise improves efficiency Protein for athletes 1.2 up to 2.0 g/kg body weight 17

18 The Western Diet Is Protein Safe? 18

19 2009;9:311 Nature Reviews Endocrin 2014;10:723 Safety of Dietary Protein Isn t protein bad for your kidneys? Protein enhances kidney function and efficiency. 19

20 Isn t protein bad for you bones? Solid Bone Matrix Protein is the foundation of bone matrix and essential for bone repair and remodeling. Weakened Bone Matrix Doesn t protein cause cancer? 20

21 Why is there so much Fake News about Nutrition? IJO 39: 1109, 2015 Surveys in error by ~800 kcal/day Epidemiology: provides statistical correlations Correlations do not equal Causation Carbohydrates: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly! sugar fructose whole grains lactose fiber starch VLCD Glucose (sugar) is an essential fuel but glucose can be toxic to cells (diabetes) 21

22 Dietary Reference Intake (carbohydrates) Acceptable range C >300 g/d 130 g/day 65% kcal RDA = 5 servings of vegetables 2 3 servings of fruit 3 servings of grains (15 g each) Carbohydrate needs or tolerance RDA = 130 g/day average U.S. intake ~ 300 g/day 22

23 Glucose as a fuel for muscle: exercise Factors are: intensity duration training Carbohydrate Tolerance (designing diets) RDA = 130 g/day RDA meets all nutrition needs (veggies, fruit, fiber, whole grains) Carbs > 130 g/day are earned with exercise ~60 g/hr intense Ex; HR > 100 Meal threshold < 40 g/meal; minimizes insulin response Meals > 40 g associated with exercise recovery 23

24 Designing Diets: Designing Diets: Diets with higher protein & reduced Carbs are beneficial Optimal protein to protect muscle & stimulate metabolism should be 1.2 to 1.5 g/kg (100 to 140 g/day) Evidence supports meal distribution with ~30 g/meal The first meal is important for muscle response 24

25 Designing Diets: carbohydrates? Balance protein and carbohydrates at every meal approximately 1:1 ratio Meal with more than 40 g of Carbs have large insulin response (restrict early meals to < 40 g of Carbs) dlayman@illinois.edu 25

High Protein Diets in Weight Reduction

High Protein Diets in Weight Reduction High Protein Diets in Weight Reduction Effects on fat mass, muscle mass and risk factors of the metabolic syndrome Donald K. Layman and Layne E. Norton Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition University

More information

Some important concepts. 1. glucose requirement is < 130 g/d

Some important concepts. 1. glucose requirement is < 130 g/d A Protein-rich rich Diet as a Cornerstone of a Healthy Lifestyle Donald K. Layman, Ph.D. Professor of Nutrition Dept. Food Science & Human Nutrition University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Outline:

More information

Outline. Ø Standard Recommendations. Ø Minimum / Optimal / Maximum CONFUSION? Ø Quality Ø Impact of Shifting from Animal to Plant-Based Proteins

Outline. Ø Standard Recommendations. Ø Minimum / Optimal / Maximum CONFUSION? Ø Quality Ø Impact of Shifting from Animal to Plant-Based Proteins Protein 101 Outline Ø Standard Recommendations Ø Minimum / Optimal / Maximum CONFUSION? Ø Quality Ø Impact of Shifting from Animal to Plant-Based Proteins Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) Dietary Guidelines

More information

Integrative Metabolism: Significance

Integrative Metabolism: Significance Integrative Metabolism: Significance Energy Containing Nutrients Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Catabolism Energy Depleted End Products H 2 O NH 3 ADP + Pi NAD + NADP + FAD + Pi NADH+H + NADPH+H + FADH2 Cell

More information

SIMPLE BASIC METABOLISM

SIMPLE BASIC METABOLISM SIMPLE BASIC METABOLISM When we eat food such as a tuna fish sandwich, the polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are digested to smaller molecules that are absorbed into the cells of our body. As these

More information

The Science of Protein. The Continued Exploration of the Impact of High-Quality Protein on Optimal Health

The Science of Protein. The Continued Exploration of the Impact of High-Quality Protein on Optimal Health The Science of Protein The Continued Exploration of the Impact of High-Quality Protein on Optimal Health 1 The Following Will Be Discussed 1. What is Protein? 2. Evolution of Protein Research 3. Protein

More information

1. Describe the relationship of dietary protein and the health of major body systems.

1. Describe the relationship of dietary protein and the health of major body systems. Food Explorations Lab I: The Building Blocks STUDENT LAB INVESTIGATIONS Name: Lab Overview In this investigation, you will be constructing animal and plant proteins using beads to represent the amino acids.

More information

Protein Requirements for Optimal Health in Older Adults: Current Recommendations and New Evidence

Protein Requirements for Optimal Health in Older Adults: Current Recommendations and New Evidence DASPEN 2013 Aarhus, Denmark, May 3 2013 Protein Requirements for Optimal Health in Older Adults: Current Recommendations and New Evidence Elena Volpi, MD, PhD Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence

More information

Midterm 2 Results. Standard Deviation:

Midterm 2 Results. Standard Deviation: Midterm 2 Results High: Low: Mean: Standard Deviation: 97.5% 16% 58% 16.3 Lecture 17 Amino Acid Metabolism Urea Cycle N and S assimilation Last cofactors: THF and SAM Dietary (Exogenous) Proteins Hydrolyzed

More information

AMINO ACID METABOLISM. Sri Widia A Jusman Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI

AMINO ACID METABOLISM. Sri Widia A Jusman Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI AMINO ACID METABOLISM Sri Widia A Jusman Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI Amino acids derived from dietary protein absorbed from intestine through blood taken up by tissues used for biosynthesis

More information

Laura Hernandez, MBA RD LD Registered Dietitian KC Bariatric Shawnee, KS

Laura Hernandez, MBA RD LD Registered Dietitian KC Bariatric Shawnee, KS Laura Hernandez, MBA RD LD Registered Dietitian KC Bariatric Shawnee, KS Protein: What Is It? The word protein is derived from the Greek word prōteios which means primary or of prime importance. Proteins

More information

Amino Acids. Amino Acids. Fundamentals. While their name implies that amino acids are compounds that contain an NH. 3 and CO NH 3

Amino Acids. Amino Acids. Fundamentals. While their name implies that amino acids are compounds that contain an NH. 3 and CO NH 3 Fundamentals While their name implies that amino acids are compounds that contain an 2 group and a 2 group, these groups are actually present as 3 and 2 respectively. They are classified as α, β, γ, etc..

More information

Dietary protein: guidelines, requirements and a lack of common sense

Dietary protein: guidelines, requirements and a lack of common sense Dietary protein: guidelines, requirements and a lack of common sense Douglas Paddon-Jones, Ph.D. The University of Texas Medical Branch Overview 1. protein metabolism 2. building muscle in response to

More information

Midterm 2. Low: 14 Mean: 61.3 High: 98. Standard Deviation: 17.7

Midterm 2. Low: 14 Mean: 61.3 High: 98. Standard Deviation: 17.7 Midterm 2 Low: 14 Mean: 61.3 High: 98 Standard Deviation: 17.7 Lecture 17 Amino Acid Metabolism Review of Urea Cycle N and S assimilation Last cofactors: THF and SAM Synthesis of few amino acids Dietary

More information

Krebs cycle Energy Petr Tůma Eva Samcová

Krebs cycle Energy Petr Tůma Eva Samcová Krebs cycle Energy - 215 Petr Tůma Eva Samcová Overview of Citric Acid Cycle Key Concepts The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) is a multistep catalytic process that converts acetyl groups derived from carbohydrates,

More information

CIA-Harvard Menus of Change National Leadership Summit. Protein 101

CIA-Harvard Menus of Change National Leadership Summit. Protein 101 CIA-Harvard Menus of Change National Leadership Summit June 10, 2014 Cambridge, MA General Session III Protein 101 Christopher Gardner, PhD, Professor of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center,

More information

Objective: You will be able to explain how the subcomponents of

Objective: You will be able to explain how the subcomponents of Objective: You will be able to explain how the subcomponents of nucleic acids determine the properties of that polymer. Do Now: Read the first two paragraphs from enduring understanding 4.A Essential knowledge:

More information

Optimizing Physical Performance: The Science of Supplementation

Optimizing Physical Performance: The Science of Supplementation Optimizing Physical Performance: The Science of Supplementation There are many different supplements marketed as performance enhancers in the world of sports nutrition. With athletes trying to find an

More information

Page 8/6: The cell. Where to start: Proteins (control a cell) (start/end products)

Page 8/6: The cell. Where to start: Proteins (control a cell) (start/end products) Page 8/6: The cell Where to start: Proteins (control a cell) (start/end products) Page 11/10: Structural hierarchy Proteins Phenotype of organism 3 Dimensional structure Function by interaction THE PROTEIN

More information

Proteins are sometimes only produced in one cell type or cell compartment (brain has 15,000 expressed proteins, gut has 2,000).

Proteins are sometimes only produced in one cell type or cell compartment (brain has 15,000 expressed proteins, gut has 2,000). Lecture 2: Principles of Protein Structure: Amino Acids Why study proteins? Proteins underpin every aspect of biological activity and therefore are targets for drug design and medicinal therapy, and in

More information

ENDURANCE SPORTS NUTRITION

ENDURANCE SPORTS NUTRITION ENDURANCE SPORTS NUTRITION Complex carbohydrates with low glycemic index Simple carbohydrates with high glycemic index + complex carbs + proteins + electrolytes Simple carbs + complex carbs + proteins

More information

Metabolism of amino acids. Vladimíra Kvasnicová

Metabolism of amino acids. Vladimíra Kvasnicová Metabolism of amino acids Vladimíra Kvasnicová Classification of proteinogenic AAs -metabolic point of view 1) biosynthesis in a human body nonessential (are synthesized) essential (must be present in

More information

Optimizing Nutritional Strategies to Promote Growth in Newborns

Optimizing Nutritional Strategies to Promote Growth in Newborns Optimizing Nutritional Strategies to Promote Growth in Newborns Teresa A. Davis, Ph.D. Professor of Pediatrics USDA/ARS Children s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX Disclosure

More information

For questions 1-4, match the carbohydrate with its size/functional group name:

For questions 1-4, match the carbohydrate with its size/functional group name: Chemistry 11 Fall 2013 Examination #5 PRACTICE 1 For the first portion of this exam, select the best answer choice for the questions below and mark the answers on your scantron. Then answer the free response

More information

Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. STOP at enduring understanding 4A

Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. STOP at enduring understanding 4A Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. STOP at enduring understanding 4A Homework Watch the Bozeman video called, Biological Molecules Objective:

More information

Six Nutrients. Nutrients: substances in food that your body needs to stay healthy. Carbohydrates Protein Fat Minerals Vitamins Water

Six Nutrients. Nutrients: substances in food that your body needs to stay healthy. Carbohydrates Protein Fat Minerals Vitamins Water Nutrients Six Nutrients Nutrients: substances in food that your body needs to stay healthy Carbohydrates Protein Fat Minerals Vitamins Water Water Function: most essential nutrient Helps digest and absorb

More information

Algal Biofuels Research: Using basic science to maximize fuel output. Jacob Dums, PhD candidate, Heike Sederoff Lab March 9, 2015

Algal Biofuels Research: Using basic science to maximize fuel output. Jacob Dums, PhD candidate, Heike Sederoff Lab March 9, 2015 Algal Biofuels Research: Using basic science to maximize fuel output Jacob Dums, PhD candidate, jtdums@ncsu.edu Heike Sederoff Lab March 9, 2015 Outline Research Approach Dunaliella Increase Oil Content

More information

Part 1: Consist of multiple choice questions in general nutrition and has to be answered by all students.

Part 1: Consist of multiple choice questions in general nutrition and has to be answered by all students. Side 1 Forside The IBI 217- Nutrition and Physical Activity exam consists of two parts; Part 1: Consist of multiple choice questions in general nutrition and has to be answered by all students. Part 2:

More information

Emerging Perspectives on Dietary Protein: Translating the Science into Practical Application

Emerging Perspectives on Dietary Protein: Translating the Science into Practical Application Emerging Perspectives on Dietary Protein: Translating the Science into Practical Application Matthew Pikosky, PhD, RDN Vice President, Nutrition Science & Partnerships National Dairy Council @MPikosky

More information

Cells N5 Homework book

Cells N5 Homework book 1 Cells N5 Homework book 2 Homework 1 3 4 5 Homework2 Cell Ultrastructure and Membrane 1. Name and give the function of the numbered organelles in the cell below: A E B D C 2. Name 3 structures you might

More information

Proteins and Amino Acids. Benjamin Caballero, MD, PhD Johns Hopkins University

Proteins and Amino Acids. Benjamin Caballero, MD, PhD Johns Hopkins University This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. Your use of this material constitutes acceptance of that license and the conditions of use of materials on this

More information

PROTEIN. Lesson Objectives. Protein s Role in the Body = Building 8/25/2014. NUTR 2030 Principles of Human Nutrition

PROTEIN. Lesson Objectives. Protein s Role in the Body = Building 8/25/2014. NUTR 2030 Principles of Human Nutrition PROTEIN NUTR 2030 Principles of Human Nutrition Mrs. Deborah A. Hutcheon, MS, RD, LD Lesson Objectives At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to: 1. Identify the structure & functions of protein.

More information

Diabetes: Prevention and Maintenance

Diabetes: Prevention and Maintenance Presented by Diabetes: Prevention and Maintenance Dirker Chiropractic 909 S. Taylor Dr. 920-451-7000 10/7/2013 Eating, Exercise, Energy & Metabolism Food is fuel for energy, vitality and health The glycemic

More information

Four Classes of Biological Macromolecules. Biological Macromolecules. Lipids

Four Classes of Biological Macromolecules. Biological Macromolecules. Lipids Biological Macromolecules Much larger than other par4cles found in cells Made up of smaller subunits Found in all cells Great diversity of func4ons Four Classes of Biological Macromolecules Lipids Polysaccharides

More information

BASIC SCIENCES & BIOCHEMISTRY FOR BETZPAENIC BRIMBLERS

BASIC SCIENCES & BIOCHEMISTRY FOR BETZPAENIC BRIMBLERS BASIC SCIENCES & BIOCHEMISTRY FOR BETZPAENIC BRIMBLERS Lymphatic Vessels One main lymph vessel receives lymph from the right upper arm and the right side of the head and the thorax and empties into the

More information

(30 pts.) 16. (24 pts.) 17. (20 pts.) 18. (16 pts.) 19. (5 pts.) 20. (5 pts.) TOTAL (100 points)

(30 pts.) 16. (24 pts.) 17. (20 pts.) 18. (16 pts.) 19. (5 pts.) 20. (5 pts.) TOTAL (100 points) Moorpark College Chemistry 11 Spring 2009 Instructor: Professor Torres Examination # 5: Section Five April 30, 2009 ame: (print) ame: (sign) Directions: Make sure your examination contains TWELVE total

More information

Nitrogen Metabolism. Overview

Nitrogen Metabolism. Overview Nitrogen Metabolism Pratt and Cornely Chapter 18 Overview Nitrogen assimilation Amino acid biosynthesis Nonessential aa Essential aa Nucleotide biosynthesis Amino Acid Catabolism Urea Cycle Juicy Steak

More information

Protein Overview. What is a protein? Why do you need protein? How does protein in food become a part of you? How much protein do you need?

Protein Overview. What is a protein? Why do you need protein? How does protein in food become a part of you? How much protein do you need? Protein Overview What is a protein? Complete and incomplete proteins Why do you need protein? Main job responsibilities How does protein in food become a part of you? Digestion & absorption How much protein

More information

Biomolecules: amino acids

Biomolecules: amino acids Biomolecules: amino acids Amino acids Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins They are also part of hormones, neurotransmitters and metabolic intermediates There are 20 different amino acids in

More information

Protein and Amino Acid Analysis. Chemistry M3LC

Protein and Amino Acid Analysis. Chemistry M3LC Protein and Amino Acid Analysis Chemistry M3LC Proteins Proteins are made up of amino acids: H2N-CHR-COOH + H3N-CHR-COO - neutral form zwitterionic form There are twenty standard amino acids: A ala alanine

More information

EFFECTS OF AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTIONS FOR WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE ON WEANLING PIG PERFORMANCE. Authors: J. Chung, S.D. Carter and J.C.

EFFECTS OF AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTIONS FOR WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE ON WEANLING PIG PERFORMANCE. Authors: J. Chung, S.D. Carter and J.C. EFFECTS OF AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTIONS FOR WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE ON WEANLING PIG PERFORMANCE 1999 Animal Science Research Report Authors: Story in Brief Pages 266-272 J. Chung, S.D. Carter and J.C. Whisenhunt

More information

Bio 366: Biological Chemistry II Test #1, 100 points (7 pages)

Bio 366: Biological Chemistry II Test #1, 100 points (7 pages) Bio 366: Biological Chemistry II Test #1, 100 points (7 pages) READ THIS: Take a numbered test and sit in the seat with that number on it. Remove the numbered sticker from the desk, and stick it on the

More information

For questions 1-4, match the carbohydrate with its size/functional group name:

For questions 1-4, match the carbohydrate with its size/functional group name: Chemistry 11 Fall 2013 Examination #5 PRACTICE 1 ANSWERS For the first portion of this exam, select the best answer choice for the questions below and mark the answers on your scantron. Then answer the

More information

Nitrogen Metabolism. Overview

Nitrogen Metabolism. Overview Nitrogen Metabolism Pratt and Cornely Chapter 18 Overview Nitrogen assimilation Amino acid biosynthesis Nonessential aa Essential aa Nucleotide biosynthesis Amino Acid Catabolism Urea Cycle Juicy Steak

More information

Quantity Per Serving. 27 grams

Quantity Per Serving. 27 grams Whey Protein Isolate Nutrient Details Certain nutrients are included or omitted in our Regular Whey Isolate formula for specific reasons backed by scientific research and development Nutrient Type Protein

More information

Properties of amino acids in proteins

Properties of amino acids in proteins Properties of amino acids in proteins one of the primary roles of DNA (but far from the only one!!!) is to code for proteins A typical bacterium builds thousands types of proteins, all from ~20 amino acids

More information

Catabolism of Carbon skeletons of Amino acids. Amino acid metabolism

Catabolism of Carbon skeletons of Amino acids. Amino acid metabolism Catabolism of Carbon skeletons of Amino acids Amino acid metabolism Carbon skeleton Carbon Skeleton a carbon skeleton is the internal structure of organic molecules. Carbon Arrangements The arrangement

More information

USN SCHOOLS SAFE PRODUCTS PARENT/ATHLETE GUIDE

USN SCHOOLS SAFE PRODUCTS PARENT/ATHLETE GUIDE USN SCHOOLS SAFE PRODUCTS PARENT/ATHLETE GUIDE INTRODUCTION This booklet includes the USN Schools products, how they work & what they are made up of. We will also take a look at nutrition & supplementation

More information

The Structure and Function of Macromolecules

The Structure and Function of Macromolecules The Structure and Function of Macromolecules Macromolecules are polymers Polymer long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks. Monomer the small building block molecules. Carbohydrates, proteins

More information

LAB#23: Biochemical Evidence of Evolution Name: Period Date :

LAB#23: Biochemical Evidence of Evolution Name: Period Date : LAB#23: Biochemical Evidence of Name: Period Date : Laboratory Experience #23 Bridge Worth 80 Lab Minutes If two organisms have similar portions of DNA (genes), these organisms will probably make similar

More information

Amino Acids in Dairy Nutrition Where Do They Fit?

Amino Acids in Dairy Nutrition Where Do They Fit? Amino Acids in Dairy Nutrition Where Do They Fit? T. R. Overton and L. E. Chase Department of Animal Science Cornell University As our understanding of the biology underlying specifics of protein nutrition

More information

Amino Acids : Towards Precise Nutrition in Monogastric Animals

Amino Acids : Towards Precise Nutrition in Monogastric Animals [AFMA FORUM 2016 SESSION 4] Amino Acids : Towards Precise Nutrition in Monogastric Animals AFMA 2016 CORRENT AMINO ACIDS 2016 All rights reserved AJINOMOTO EUROLYSINE S.A.S. 1 Dietary crude protein reduction

More information

Lecture 3. Nutrition

Lecture 3. Nutrition Lecture 3 Nutrition, Part 1 1 Nutrition 1.Macronutrients a. Water b. Carbohydrates c. Proteins d. Fats 2.Micronutrients a. Minerals b. Vitamins 2 1 Why is Nutrition Important? Your food choices each day

More information

Short polymer. Dehydration removes a water molecule, forming a new bond. Longer polymer (a) Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a polymer

Short polymer. Dehydration removes a water molecule, forming a new bond. Longer polymer (a) Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a polymer HO 1 2 3 H HO H Short polymer Dehydration removes a water molecule, forming a new bond Unlinked monomer H 2 O HO 1 2 3 4 H Longer polymer (a) Dehydration reaction in the synthesis of a polymer HO 1 2 3

More information

If you like us, please share us on social media. The latest UCD Hyperlibrary newsletter is now complete, check it out.

If you like us, please share us on social media. The latest UCD Hyperlibrary newsletter is now complete, check it out. Sign In Forgot Password Register username username password password Sign In If you like us, please share us on social media. The latest UCD Hyperlibrary newsletter is now complete, check it out. ChemWiki

More information

Soy Protein. Muscle health benefits: for Sports Nutrition Recovery and during aging. May 9, Mark Cope, PhD

Soy Protein. Muscle health benefits: for Sports Nutrition Recovery and during aging. May 9, Mark Cope, PhD Soy Protein Muscle health benefits: for Sports Nutrition Recovery and during aging May 9, 2017 Mark Cope, PhD Blending Proteins to Provide Better Muscle Health Importance of Muscle Health The Benefits

More information

Chemistry 121 Winter 17

Chemistry 121 Winter 17 Chemistry 121 Winter 17 Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Instructor Dr. Upali Siriwardane (Ph.D. Ohio State) E-mail: upali@latech.edu Office: 311 Carson Taylor Hall ; Phone: 318-257-4941;

More information

Carbohydrate Overview

Carbohydrate Overview Carbohydrate Overview What is a carbohydrate? Monosaccharides and Disaccharides Polysaccharides How does eating a carb become a part of you? Why do you need carbohydrates? How much do you need? Low carb

More information

Amino acid Catabolism

Amino acid Catabolism Enzymatic digestion of dietary proteins in gastrointestinal-tract. Amino acid Catabolism Amino acids: 1. There are 20 different amino acid, they are monomeric constituents of proteins 2. They act as precursors

More information

Sheri R. Colberg, PhD, FACSM. Professor Emerita, Exercise Science Old Dominion University

Sheri R. Colberg, PhD, FACSM. Professor Emerita, Exercise Science Old Dominion University Sheri R. Colberg, PhD, FACSM Professor Emerita, Exercise Science Old Dominion University Issues for Discussion Optimal macronutrient distribution in diet Role of carbohydrates Role of protein Role of fat

More information

9/6/2011. Amino Acids. C α. Nonpolar, aliphatic R groups

9/6/2011. Amino Acids. C α. Nonpolar, aliphatic R groups Amino Acids Side chains (R groups) vary in: size shape charge hydrogen-bonding capacity hydrophobic character chemical reactivity C α Nonpolar, aliphatic R groups Glycine (Gly, G) Alanine (Ala, A) Valine

More information

Overview: Protein. Protein Requirements. Supplements vs. Food. Building Muscle. Recovery Drinks. Intake for athletes Adequate calories

Overview: Protein. Protein Requirements. Supplements vs. Food. Building Muscle. Recovery Drinks. Intake for athletes Adequate calories Overview: Protein Protein Requirements Intake for athletes Adequate calories Supplements vs. Food Risks of high protein diet Building Muscle Protein before, during & after exercise Recovery Drinks 3 Related

More information

Lipids: diverse group of hydrophobic molecules

Lipids: diverse group of hydrophobic molecules Lipids: diverse group of hydrophobic molecules Lipids only macromolecules that do not form polymers li3le or no affinity for water hydrophobic consist mostly of hydrocarbons nonpolar covalent bonds fats

More information

Pre-Game Meal: Eating Well for Athletic Success

Pre-Game Meal: Eating Well for Athletic Success Pre-Game Meal: Eating Well for Athletic Success DIANA SUGIUCHI, RDN, LDN Disclosures NONE Objectives 1 2 3 4 5 Define macronutrients and their role in performance Learn which macronutrients to include

More information

Part 1: Consist of multiple choice questions in general nutrition and has to be answered by all students.

Part 1: Consist of multiple choice questions in general nutrition and has to be answered by all students. Seksjon 1 5.4.2018 WISEflow Forside The IBI 217- Nutrition and Physical Activity exam consists of two parts; Part 1: Consist of multiple choice questions in general nutrition and has to be answered by

More information

Biology. Lectures winter term st year of Pharmacy study

Biology. Lectures winter term st year of Pharmacy study Biology Lectures winter term 2008 1 st year of Pharmacy study 3 rd Lecture Chemical composition of living matter chemical basis of life. Atoms, molecules, organic compounds carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,

More information

EFFECTS OF REPLACING WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE WITH CRYSTALLINE AMINO ACIDS ON WEANLING PIG PERFORMANCE

EFFECTS OF REPLACING WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE WITH CRYSTALLINE AMINO ACIDS ON WEANLING PIG PERFORMANCE EFFECTS OF REPLACING WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE WITH CRYSTALLINE AMINO ACIDS ON WEANLING PIG PERFORMANCE 1999 Animal Science Research Report Authors: Story in Brief Pages 258-265 J. Chung, S.D. Carter,C.V.

More information

Protein Power For Healthy Eating

Protein Power For Healthy Eating Protein Power For Healthy Eating What is Protein? Protein is: An essential nutrient. Used to build things in our bodies such as muscle. Made up of 20 amino acids, or building blocks. 9 of the 20 amino

More information

Nitrogen Metabolism. Pratt and Cornely Chapter 18

Nitrogen Metabolism. Pratt and Cornely Chapter 18 Nitrogen Metabolism Pratt and Cornely Chapter 18 Overview Nitrogen assimilation Amino acid biosynthesis Nonessential aa Essential aa Nucleotide biosynthesis Amino Acid Catabolism Urea Cycle Juicy Steak

More information

Nutrients. Nutrition. Carbohydrates. - ex. Carbs, Fats, Protein, Water. - ex. vitamins, minerals

Nutrients. Nutrition. Carbohydrates. - ex. Carbs, Fats, Protein, Water. - ex. vitamins, minerals Nutrients Nutrition Introduction elements and compounds an organism needs but can not manufacture itself 6 Basic Nutrients carbohydrates fats proteins water vitamins minerals Macronutrients supply energy

More information

Moorpark College Chemistry 11 Fall Instructor: Professor Gopal. Examination # 5: Section Five May 7, Name: (print)

Moorpark College Chemistry 11 Fall Instructor: Professor Gopal. Examination # 5: Section Five May 7, Name: (print) Moorpark College Chemistry 11 Fall 2013 Instructor: Professor Gopal Examination # 5: Section Five May 7, 2013 Name: (print) Directions: Make sure your examination contains TEN total pages (including this

More information

ENERGY NUTRIENTS: THE BIG PICTURE WHY WE EAT FUNCTIONS FATS FAT, CARBS, PROTEIN

ENERGY NUTRIENTS: THE BIG PICTURE WHY WE EAT FUNCTIONS FATS FAT, CARBS, PROTEIN ENERGY NUTRIENTS: FAT, CARBS, PROTEIN Angeline B. David, DRPH, MHS NAD Health Summit March 14, 2013 The science of cooking is not a small matter.... This art should be regarded as the most valuable of

More information

Amino acid metabolism

Amino acid metabolism Amino acid metabolism The important reaction commonly employed in the breakdown of an amino acid is always the removal of its -amino group. The product ammonia is excreted after conversion to urea or other

More information

Presented by: Evelyn Schumacher, MS, RD, CDE

Presented by: Evelyn Schumacher, MS, RD, CDE Presented by: Evelyn Schumacher, MS, RD, CDE S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S I S S S S S S S S S S S S S ENERGY I I I I I Body doesn t make any (Type 1) or enough (Type 2) insulin I I I I I I Body

More information

Amino acids-incorporated nanoflowers with an

Amino acids-incorporated nanoflowers with an Amino acids-incorporated nanoflowers with an intrinsic peroxidase-like activity Zhuo-Fu Wu 1,2,+, Zhi Wang 1,+, Ye Zhang 3, Ya-Li Ma 3, Cheng-Yan He 4, Heng Li 1, Lei Chen 1, Qi-Sheng Huo 3, Lei Wang 1,*

More information

Classification of amino acids: -

Classification of amino acids: - Page 1 of 8 P roteinogenic amino acids, also known as standard, normal or primary amino acids are 20 amino acids that are incorporated in proteins and that are coded in the standard genetic code (subunit

More information

(65 pts.) 27. (10 pts.) 28. (15 pts.) 29. (10 pts.) TOTAL (100 points) Moorpark College Chemistry 11 Spring Instructor: Professor Gopal

(65 pts.) 27. (10 pts.) 28. (15 pts.) 29. (10 pts.) TOTAL (100 points) Moorpark College Chemistry 11 Spring Instructor: Professor Gopal Moorpark College Chemistry 11 Spring 2012 Instructor: Professor Gopal Examination # 5: Section Five May 1, 2012 Name: (print) GOOD LUCK! Directions: Make sure your examination contains TWELVE total pages

More information

Optimal protein intake and meal frequency to support maximal protein synthesis and muscle mass.

Optimal protein intake and meal frequency to support maximal protein synthesis and muscle mass. Optimal protein intake and meal frequency to support maximal protein synthesis and muscle mass. Lay ne Norton, B.S. Division of Nutritional Sciences U niversity of Illinois Overview Background Determining

More information

PDF created with pdffactory trial version

PDF created with pdffactory trial version General Nutrition Concepts Importance of Nutrition Health Appearance Behavior Mood Role of Nutrients in Diet Growth and development Provide energy Regulate metabolism 2 Calories in Food Carbohydrates Protein

More information

number Done by Corrected by Doctor Dr.Diala

number Done by Corrected by Doctor Dr.Diala number 32 Done by Mousa Salah Corrected by Bahaa Najjar Doctor Dr.Diala 1 P a g e In the last lecture we talked about the common processes between all amino acids which are: transamination, deamination,

More information

Lecture 4. Grouping Amino Acid 7/1/10. Proteins. Amino Acids. Where Are Proteins Located. Nonpolar Amino Acids

Lecture 4. Grouping Amino Acid 7/1/10. Proteins. Amino Acids. Where Are Proteins Located. Nonpolar Amino Acids Proteins Lecture 4 Proteins - Composition of Proteins (Amino Acids) Chapter 21 ection 1-6! Proteins are compounds of high molar mass consisting almost entirely of amino acid chain(s)! Molar masses range

More information

Should I Eat More Protein?

Should I Eat More Protein? Should I Eat More Protein? The undeniable fact that muscles are very rich in protein has led to a huge dietary protein supplement industry. A quick Internet search gave 74,023 pages with stuff about this.

More information

All Proteins are not Created Equally Nutritional and Exercise Strategies to Attenuate Sarcopenia

All Proteins are not Created Equally Nutritional and Exercise Strategies to Attenuate Sarcopenia All Proteins are not Created Equally Nutritional and Exercise Strategies to Attenuate Sarcopenia Innovative Nutrition Strategies for Healthy Aging Canadian Association on Gerontology Annual Conference

More information

Chemical Nature of the Amino Acids. Table of a-amino Acids Found in Proteins

Chemical Nature of the Amino Acids. Table of a-amino Acids Found in Proteins Chemical Nature of the Amino Acids All peptides and polypeptides are polymers of alpha-amino acids. There are 20 a- amino acids that are relevant to the make-up of mammalian proteins (see below). Several

More information

CH395G FINAL (3 rd ) EXAM Kitto/Hackert - Fall 2003

CH395G FINAL (3 rd ) EXAM Kitto/Hackert - Fall 2003 CH395G FINAL (3 rd ) EXAM Kitto/Hackert - Fall 2003 1. A cell in an active, catabolic state has a. a high (ATP/ADP) and a high (NADH/NAD + ) ratio b. a high (ATP/ADP) and a low (NADH/NAD + ) ratio c. a

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi:10.1038/nature22314 Supplementary Discussion In mammals, BCAAs are essential amino acids that must be supplied from food. These dietary BCAAs are subsequently used for protein synthesis or are catabolized

More information

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Part 4: Proteins Chapter 5

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Part 4: Proteins Chapter 5 Key Concepts: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Part 4: Proteins Chapter 5 Proteins include a diversity of structures, resulting in a wide range of functions Proteins Enzymatic s

More information

What is most limiting?

What is most limiting? The Amino Acid Content of Rumen Microbes, Feed, Milk and Tissue after Multiple Hydrolysis Times and Implications for the CNCPS M. E. Van Amburgh, A. F. Ortega, S. W. Fessenden, D. A. Ross, and P. A. LaPierre

More information

PURE WHEY HEALTH FOOD FOR YOUR BRAND. Sports Nutrition. Also available: whey protein mix:

PURE WHEY HEALTH FOOD FOR YOUR BRAND. Sports Nutrition. Also available: whey protein mix: PURE WHEY Whey protein belongs to the group of fast, regenerative proteins with a high quality amino acid composition and a high amount of beneficial BCAAs. Pure Whey contains pure whey protein isolate,

More information

The Power Team: Combining Protein and Exercise for Effective Results LESLIE BONCI, MPH, RD, CSSD, RDN UPMC CENTER FOR SPORTS MEDICINE

The Power Team: Combining Protein and Exercise for Effective Results LESLIE BONCI, MPH, RD, CSSD, RDN UPMC CENTER FOR SPORTS MEDICINE The Power Team: Combining Protein and Exercise for Effective Results LESLIE BONCI, MPH, RD, CSSD, RDN UPMC CENTER FOR SPORTS MEDICINE 0 Objectives Discuss the state of protein consumption among Americans,

More information

The Nutritional Information Panel is a pretty technical looking piece of artwork and the main question people ask about it WHAT DOES IT ALL MEAN?

The Nutritional Information Panel is a pretty technical looking piece of artwork and the main question people ask about it WHAT DOES IT ALL MEAN? The Nutritional Information Panel is a pretty technical looking piece of artwork and the main question people ask about it is WHAT DOES IT ALL MEAN? Well, we want you to understand it as well as we do.

More information

endopeptidases aminopeptidases carboxypeptidases hydrolyzes a peptide bond somewhere in the middle of the polypeptide

endopeptidases aminopeptidases carboxypeptidases hydrolyzes a peptide bond somewhere in the middle of the polypeptide 1 Amino Acid Metabolism: The primary purpose for s in the body is to provide the building blocks for proteins R other s. owever, if there is no protein synthesis occurring, the s can be broken down (i.e.

More information

NUTRIENTS AND SUPPLEMENTS

NUTRIENTS AND SUPPLEMENTS ACTIVLAB is a rising global leader in pioneering innovative food technologies offering an extensive line of sports nutrition, functional foods and beverages for healthy living, fitness and peak athletic

More information

Cells. Variation and Function of Cells

Cells. Variation and Function of Cells Cells Variation and Function of Cells Plasma Membrane= the skin of a cell, it protects and nourishes the cell while communicating with other cells at the same time. Lipid means fat and they are hydrophobic

More information

PROTEIN FACT SHEET FOR LOWER BODY FAT & MORE LEAN TISSUE. PROTEINS A Quick Overview

PROTEIN FACT SHEET FOR LOWER BODY FAT & MORE LEAN TISSUE. PROTEINS A Quick Overview PROTEIN FACT SHEET FOR LOWER BODY FAT & MORE LEAN TISSUE PROTEINS A Quick Overview Your requirements can vary depending on the amount of activity you perform and your composition goals. Consume too much

More information

CS612 - Algorithms in Bioinformatics

CS612 - Algorithms in Bioinformatics Spring 2016 Protein Structure February 7, 2016 Introduction to Protein Structure A protein is a linear chain of organic molecular building blocks called amino acids. Introduction to Protein Structure Amine

More information

Athlete s Guide to Nutrition: Offering an Informed Choice

Athlete s Guide to Nutrition: Offering an Informed Choice Introduction There are two types of athletes in this world: those who think they know what optimal nutrition is, and those who actually do know what optimal nutrition is. The distinction between these

More information

Module Seven Macronutrients Continued

Module Seven Macronutrients Continued Module Four: Module Seven Macronutrients Continued Liana Shanti, CN www.healthmasteryinstitute.com Proteins Where do we get protein from on a plant based diet? How Important is protein? What do our bodies

More information

9/16/15. Properties of Water. Benefits of Water. More properties of water

9/16/15. Properties of Water. Benefits of Water. More properties of water Properties of Water Solid/Liquid Density Water is densest at 4⁰C Ice floats Allows life under the ice Hydrogen bond Ice Hydrogen bonds are stable Liquid water Hydrogen bonds break and re-form Benefits

More information

Biomolecules Amino Acids & Protein Chemistry

Biomolecules Amino Acids & Protein Chemistry Biochemistry Department Date: 17/9/ 2017 Biomolecules Amino Acids & Protein Chemistry Prof.Dr./ FAYDA Elazazy Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Intended Learning Outcomes ILOs By the end

More information