Nutrition. Autotrophs. plants, some protists & bacteria producers
|
|
- Dylan Warren
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Nutrition Autotrophs plants, some protists & bacteria producers
2 Nutrition Heterotrophs animals, fungi, some protists & bacteria consumers
3 Animal Nutrition Most obtain food by ingestion take in their food whole or piece by piece
4 Animal Nutrition Classify based on what they eat: Herbivores (primary consumers) eat autotrophs Carnivores (secondary or higher consumers) eat heterotrophs Omnivores eat both
5 Stages of Food Processing Ingestion eating Digestion breaking down food into small molecules mechanical and chemical (enzymatic hydrolysis) Absorption body takes in small molecules Elimination undigested material exits the body
6 Digestion Must take place in specialized compartments to avoid damage to body cells
7 Food vacuoles food enters by endocytosis & then vacuole merges with lysosome Some protists Sponges only animal with only intracellular digestion
8 Figure Intracellular digestion in Paramecium
9
10 Gastrovascular Cavities single opening serve to both digest & transport nutrients extracellular digestion, then intracellular Platyhelminthes (planaria) & Cnidarians (hydra)
11 What is the advantage of extracellular digestion? Eat larger food
12 Extracellular digestion in a gastrovascular cavity
13 Alimentary canals or Complete Digestive Tracts two openings: mouth & anus food passes in one direction Found in all other animals
14 What is the advantage of oneway movement of food? Allows for specialization of different regions of the digestive tract
15 Figure Alimentary canals
16 Types of Digestive Systems Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Nematode Earthworm Salamander Pharynx Mouth Intestine Anus Pharynx Mouth Crop Gizzard Anus Intestine Stomach Intestine Cloaca Mouth Liver Anus Esophagus Pancreas
17 Mammalian Digestive System Four-layered wall surrounds the lumen Mucosa (epithelial tissue) Submuscosa (connective tissue) Muscularis (muscle) Serosa (connective tissue)
18
19 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Oral cavity Salivary glands Salivary gland Pharynx Esophagus Liver Gallbladder Stomach Pancreas Small intestine Cecum Appendix Colon Rectum Anus
20 Human Digestive System Mouth teeth mechanically break down food Similar in function to the gizzard of birds and worms saliva is secreted from salivary glands mucous protects mouth antibacterial agents buffer to neutralize acidity salivary amylase hydrolyzes glucose polymers
21 Human Digestive System Pharynx (throat) swallowing Esophagus peristalsis
22 Swallowing Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Pharynx Air Larynx Trachea Esophagus Hard palate Tongue Soft palate Epiglottis 1. As food moves to the back of the mouth, the soft palate seals off the nasal cavity. 2. During swallowing, the larynx rises and is sealed off by the epiglottis. This forces the bolus into the esophagus and prevents entry into the trachea. As the bolus moves into the esophagus the larynx relaxes.
23 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Peristalic movement Esophagus Relaxation Contraction Food Bolus Relaxation
24 Human Digestive System Stomach stores food (as does the crop in other organisms) lining secretes gastric juice Pepsinogen (inactive) becomes pepsin (active) in low ph smooth muscles churn the food Acid chyme
25 The Stomach Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Esophagus Stomach Gastric pit Gastric pit Serosa Duodenum Pyloric sphincter Mucosa Muscularis Longitudinal Circular Mucosa Oblique Mucous cell Chief cell Muscularis Submucosa Oblique Circular Longitudinal Serosa Gastric glands Parietal cell
26 Human Digestive System Small Intestine Longest part of the canal (6 m in humans) Duodenum (first 25 cm) most digestion takes place Jejunum and ileum mainly absorption Very large surface area (300 m 2 ) folds, villi & microvilli Similar to mycelium in fungi & roots in plants
27 The Small Intestine Small intestine Villus Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Serosa Villi Epithelial cell Capillary Lacteal Lymphatic duct Vein Artery
28 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Pancreatic islet (of Langerhans) From liver cell cell Common bile duct Pancreas Gallbladder Pancreatic duct Duodenum
29 Human Digestive System Accessory Glands: Pancreas digestive enzymes Lipase-lipids; pancreatic amylase-starch; trypsin - proteins Bicarbonate- buffer
30 Human Digestive System Accessory Glands: Liver produces bile salts which are stored in the gallbladder until needed aid in the digestion of fats by emulsification Gallbladder
31 Human Digestive System Large Intestine or Colon main function is concentration & storage of wastes absorption of water, sodium, vitamin K Feces are moved along by peristalsis and exit the body through the anus
32 Hormonal Control of Digestion Gastrin released by the stomach feeds back to cause the secretion of gastric juices Low ph inhibits its production negative feedback
33 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Stomach Liver ph Proteins Gastrin GIP ( ) ( + ) ( + ) Chief cells Parietal cells Pepsin HCl ( + ) Bile Pancreas Enzymes Bicarbonate Acinar cells Gallbladder ( + ) ( + ) CCK Secretin Duodenum
34 Hormonal Control of Digestion Enterogastrones Released by duodenum of small intestine inhibit peristalsis & secretions in the stomach Secretin Stimulated by low ph causes pancreas to release bicarbonate CCK (cholecystokinin) Stimulated by high fat content Stimulates gall bladder to release bile GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide) Inhibits emptying of the stomach
35 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Stomach Liver ph Proteins Gastrin GIP ( ) ( + ) ( + ) Chief cells Parietal cells Pepsin HCl ( + ) Bile Pancreas Enzymes Bicarbonate Acinar cells Gallbladder ( + ) ( + ) CCK Secretin Duodenum
36 Evolutionary Adaptations to Diet Teeth pointed in carnivores, flat in herbivores
37 Mouth and Teeth Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Horse Lion Human Incisors Canines Premolars Molars
38 Evolutionary Adaptations to Diet Length of gut longer in herbivores than carnivores Cecum houses bacteria that aid in digestion
39 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Nonruminant Herbivore Simple stomach, large cecum Ruminant Herbivore Four-chambered stomach with large rumen; long small and large intestine Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Esophagus Reticulum Omasum Rumen Abomasum Anus Cecum Large intestine Spiral loop Small intestine Cecum Large intestine Anus Insectivore Short intestine, no cecum Carnivore Short intestine and colon, small cecum Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Anus Large intestine Anus Cecum Large intestine
40 Evolutionary Adaptations to Diet Ruminant Stomach- cows, deer
41 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Small intestine Rumen Esophagus Reticulum Abomasum Omasum
42 Evolutionary Adaptations to Diet Coprophagy rodents, rabbits
Ch41 Animal Nutrition
Ch41 Animal Nutrition Digestive system Purpose = break down food into smaller nutrients to be used in the body for energy and raw materials for biosynthesis Overview of food processing Ingestion: act of
More informationTypes of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. The Digestive System
The Digestive System Chapter 48 Types of Digestive Systems Heterotrophs are divided into three groups based on their food sources -Herbivores are animals that eat plants exclusively -Carnivores are animals
More informationTHE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TYPES OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS Ingested food may be stored or first subjected to physical fragmentation Chemical digestion occurs next Hydrolysis reactions liberate the subunit molecules
More informationFigure Nutrition: omnivore, herbivore, carnivore
Figure 41.1 Nutrition: omnivore, herbivore, carnivore Essential Nutrients: Amino acids Fatty acids Vitamins Minerals Figure 41.2 Complete vs incomplete Omnivore vs herbivore (vegetarian) Table 41.1 Table
More information10/23/2013 ANIMAL NUTRITION ANIMAL NUTRITION ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS AN ANIMAL S DIET MUST STUPPLY: AMINO ACIDS
ANIMAL NUTRITION Food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the process of animal nutrition In general, animals fall into three categories: Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores ANIMAL NUTRITION Chapter
More informationDigestive System 7/15/2015. Outline Digestive System. Digestive System
Digestive System Biology 105 Lecture 18 Chapter 15 Outline Digestive System I. Functions II. Layers of the GI tract III. Major parts: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,
More informationIncludes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus. Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Chapter 14 The Digestive System and Nutrition Digestive System Brings Nutrients Into the Body The digestive system includes Gastrointestinal (GI) tract (hollow tube) Lumen: space within this tube Includes
More informationHuman Biology. Digestive System
Human Biology Digestive System Digestion - Defined Prepares food for use by all body cells The physical and/or chemical breakdown of food Did you know: the average person eats more than 500kg of food per
More information10/18/2017 ANIMAL NUTRITION ANIMAL NUTRITION ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS AN ANIMAL S DIET MUST STUPPLY: AMINO ACIDS
ANIMAL NUTRITION Food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the process of animal nutrition In general, animals fall into three categories: Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores ANIMAL NUTRITION Chapter
More informationAnimal Nutrition. Chapter 41. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 41 Animal Nutrition PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
More informationChapter 8: Digestion. Structure and Functions of Digestive Organs Macronutrients Digestive Enzymes
Chapter 8: Digestion Structure and Functions of Digestive Organs Macronutrients Digestive Enzymes What organisms need Digestion? Heterotrophs - rely on ingestion of organic molecules for production of
More information1) Four main feeding mechanisms of animals a) Suspension feeders i) (1) Humpback whales b) Substrate feeders i)
1 AP Biology March 2008 Digestion Chapter 41 Homeostatic mechanisms manage an animal s energy budget. 1) Four main feeding mechanisms of animals Suspension feeders (1) Humpback whales Substrate feeders
More informationThe Digestive System. Chapter 25
The Digestive System Chapter 25 Introduction Structure of the digestive system A tube that extends from mouth to anus Accessory organs are attached Functions include Ingestion Movement Digestion Absorption
More informationDIGESTIVE SYSTEM ALIMENTARY CANAL / GI TRACT & ACCESSORY ORGANS. Mar 16 10:34 PM
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ALIMENTARY CANAL / GI TRACT & ACCESSORY ORGANS Mar 16 10:34 PM 1 I. Digestive System Functions > Ingestion the taking in of food > Propulsion movement caused by force > Digestion breakdown
More informationThe Digestive System. Basic process of digestion. Mouth and Teeth 10/30/2016
The Digestive System Basic process of digestion 1. Ingestion: animal eats food. 2. Digestion: animal body breaks food down. Mechanical digestion: chewing (mastication). Chemical digestion: enzymes and
More informationBiology 20: Digestive System Did you get it? Questions and Answers
Biology 20: Digestive System Did you get it? Questions and Answers Mouth 1. What is the purpose of chewing? a. break food into smaller pieces so there is a greater SA for chemicals to work on. 2. Salivary
More informationTHE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Composed of two parts: 1. 2. There are 4 main parts of digestion: 1. Ingestion: 2. Digestion: a. Mechanical Digestion: Example: b. Chemical Digestion: Example: 3. Absorption: 4. Egestion:
More informatione. Undigested material is compacted and stored until the colon is full. When the colon is full, a signal to empty it is sent by sensors in the walls
Digestive System 1. General a. Animals obtain energy by breaking food molecules into smaller pieces. b. The basic fuel molecules are amino acids, lipids and sugars c. Digestion is the chemical breakdown
More informationChapter 14: The Digestive System
Chapter 14: The Digestive System Digestive system consists of Muscular tube (digestive tract) alimentary canal Accessory organs teeth, tongue, glandular organs 6 essential activities 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
More informationJargon. Chapter. Processing Food and Nutrition. Chapter 21
One ATP Sandwich With extra phosphate Comin up Chapter Processing Food and Nutrition Chapter 21 Processing Food and Nutrition Objectives: 1. Understand the concepts of 2. Identify the anatomical parts
More informationDigestive System. Digestive System. Digestion is the process of reducing food to small molecules that can be absorbed into the body.
Digestive System Digestion is the process of reducing food to small molecules that can be absorbed into the body. 2 Types of Digestion Mechanical digestion physical breakdown of food into small particles
More informationTwo main groups Alimentary canal continuous coiled hollow tube Accessory digestive organs
Digestion Breakdown of ingested food Absorption of nutrients into the blood Metabolism Production of cellular energy (ATP) Constructive and degradative cellular activities Two main groups Alimentary canal
More informationTopic 6: Human Physiology
Topic 6: Human Physiology 6.1 Digestion and Absorption D.1 Human Nutrition D.2 Digestion Essential Understandings: The structure of the digestive system allows it to move, digest, and absorb food. A balanced
More informationThe Digestive System
The Digestive System Identify the Structure and Function. Mesentery of the Large Intestine The mesentery functions to connect the visceral organs to the abdominal wall. Identify the Structure. Nasal Cavity
More informationChapter 21 NUTRITION AND DIGESTION
Chapter 21 NUTRITION AND DIGESTION Stages of Food Processing 1. Ingestion: The act of eating. Usually involves placing food in mouth or oral cavity. 2. Digestion: Macromolecules in food (fats, proteins,
More informationHuman Digestive System
3.3.4 Human Digestive System Need to know The functions of the main parts of the alimentary canal and the associated glands Function of teeth. The human dental formula Role of mechanical digestion and
More informationChapter 41 Animal Nutrition The Need to Feed
Figure 41.1 Chapter 41 Animal Nutrition The Need to Feed In general, animals fall into three categories: Herbivores eat mainly plants and algae Carnivores eat other animals Omnivores regularly consume
More informationAll organisms must obtain and process essential nutrients (food) *** Exception: Venus Fly Traps undergo photosynthesis but needs source of nitrogen
All organisms must obtain and process essential nutrients (food) AUTOTROPHS self feeder makes their own food eg. Plants do not require a digestive tract *** Exception: Venus Fly Traps undergo photosynthesis
More informationORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OBJECTIVES: 1. List and describe the major activities of the digestive system. 2. Identify and give the functions of the organs in and along the digestive tract. MAJOR ACTIVITIES
More information3/26/2013 ANIMAL NUTRITION AN ANIMAL S DIET MUST SUPPLY CHEMICAL ENERGY, ORGANIC MOLECULES, AND ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS
ANIMAL NUTRITION Food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the process of animal nutrition In general, animals fall into three categories: Herbivores eat mainly plants and algae Carnivores eat other
More informationDIGESTIVE SYSTEM CLASS NOTES. tube along with several
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CLASS NOTES Digestion Breakdown of food and the of nutrients in the bloodstream. Metabolism Production of for and cellular activities. The digestive system is composed of the canal which
More informationChapter 41: Animal Nutrition. 1. Overview of Animal Nutrition 2. Digestive Organs 3. Digestive Adaptations
Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition 1. Overview of Animal Nutrition 2. Digestive Organs 3. Digestive Adaptations 1. Overview of Animal Nutrition The Need to Feed Feeding satisfies 3 requirements: 1 chemical energy
More information1. Overview of Animal Nutrition
Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition 1. Overview of Animal Nutrition 2. Digestive Organs 3. Digestive Adaptations 1. Overview of Animal Nutrition The Need to Feed Feeding satisfies 3 requirements: 1 chemical energy
More informationAN ANIMAL S DIET MUST SUPPLY CHEMICAL ENERGY, ORGANIC MOLECULES, AND ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS
1 ANIMAL NUTRITION 2 3 4 5 6 7 Food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the process of animal nutrition In general, animals fall into three categories: Herbivores eat mainly plants and algae Carnivores
More informationa. parotid b. sublingual c. submandibular
Bozeman Science/ Nature The Digestive System Watch the videos, and answer the questions below. Please write your answers in complete sentences, and explain all concepts thoroughly. 1. What are the four
More informationLearning Targets. The Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract. Also known as the alimentary canal. Hollow series of organs that food passes through
Digestion the multistep process of breaking down food into molecules the body can use Learning Targets Describe the path food takes through the digestive system. Identify the major organs of the digestive
More informationSNC4M The Digestive System
SNC4M The Digestive System What is digestion? Chemical and mechanical breakdown of organic molecules into units small enough for the body to absorb These molecules provide: 1. Energy resources 2. Essential
More informationThe Digestive System. Chapter 16. Introduction. Overview of Digestive System. Histological Organization. Movement and Mixing of Digestive Materials
The Digestive System Chapter 16 Introduction Structure of the digestive system A tube that extends from mouth to anus Accessory organs are attached Functions include Ingestion Movement Digestion Absorption
More informationFood is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the process of animal nutrition. Omnivores regularly consume animals as well as plants or algae
Ch 41 Animal Nutrition Need to Feed Food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the process of animal nutrition In general, animals fall into three categories: Herbivores eat mainly plants and algae
More informationDIGESTION SBI 3C: NOVEMBER 2010
DIGESTION SBI 3C: NOVEMBER 2010 DIAGRAM OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Mouth Esophagus Liver Gallbladder Large Intestine Appendix Stomach Pancreas Small Intestine Rectum Anus STAGES OF DIGESTION: 1. INGESTION Taking
More informationThe Digestive System. Prepares food for use by all body cells.
The Digestive System Prepares food for use by all body cells. Digestion The chemical breakdown of complex biological molecules into their component parts. Lipids to fatty acids Proteins to individual amino
More informationEnergy, Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
Phosphorylation Hydrolysis Energy, Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Chapter 2 (selections) What is Energy? Energy is the capacity to do work Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Chemical Bond Energy Like a rechargeable
More informationBIO 139 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II
BIO 139 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM LAB ANALOGY PAGES 248-265 MARY CATHERINE FLATH, Ph.D. DIGESTIVE ORGANS ALIMENTARY CANAL MOUTH PHARYNX ESOPHAGUS STOMACH SMALL INTESTINE LARGE INTESTINE
More informationDigestive System. How your body obtains nutrients. Wednesday, March 2, 16
Digestive System How your body obtains nutrients Vocabulary Ingestion: food enters the system Physical and enzymatic breakdown begins Digestion: Further breakdown Chemical/enzymatic Vocabulary Absorption:
More information- Digestion occurs during periods of low activity - Produces more energy than it uses. 3 Copyright 2016 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Introduction Digestive System Chapter 29 Provides processes to break down molecules into a state easily used by cells - A disassembly line: Starts at the mouth and ends at the anus Digestive functions
More informationChapter 9: Digestion Review Assignment
_ Date: Mark: /45 Chapter 9: Digestion Review Assignment 45 Multiple Choice = 45 Marks Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following roles do
More informationAn overview of the digestive system. mouth pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anus
An overview of the digestive system mouth pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anus Why GIT? What are the main steps in the digestive process? Ingestion intake of food via the
More informationBIO 139 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II. THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM LAB ANALOGY PAGES MARY CATHERINE FLATH, Ph.D.
BIO 139 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM LAB ANALOGY PAGES 248-265 MARY CATHERINE FLATH, Ph.D. DIGESTIVE ORGANS ALIMENTARY CANAL MOUTH PHARYNX ESOPHAGUS STOMACH SMALL INTESTINE LARGE INTESTINE
More informationAnimal Nutrition. Key Concepts. Animals are heterotrophs, obtain nutrition from other organisms. What do animals get from food?
Key Concepts Animal Nutrition Why eat? Eat what? Design of digestive systems Processing steps and their hormonal control Challenge of herbivory Animals are heterotrophs, obtain nutrition from other organisms
More informationKey Concepts. Why eat? Eat what? Design of digestive systems Processing steps and their hormonal control Challenge of herbivory
Animal Nutrition Key Concepts Why eat? Eat what? Design of digestive systems Processing steps and their hormonal control Challenge of herbivory Animals are heterotrophs, obtain nutrition from other organisms
More informationThe Digestive System
The Digestive System s Big Book of Handouts Digestion and nutrition Specific Learning outcomes B11-2-01: Identify major structures and functions of the human digestive system from a diagram, model, or
More informationLesson Overview The Digestive System
30.3 THINK ABOUT IT The only system in the body that food actually enters is the digestive system. So how does food get to the rest of the body after the process of digestion? Functions of the Digestive
More informationDigestive System. What happens to the donut you ate for breakfast this morning?
Digestive System What happens to the donut you ate for breakfast this morning? Free Tutoring and Extra Credit!!! Digestive System: Is the basic process of breaking down the food you eat into individual
More informationGastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology. Bio 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross
Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology Bio 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross Functions of digestive system Digestion Breakdown of food (chemically) using enzymes, acid, and water Absorption Nutrients,
More informationExercise. Digestive System. Digestive system function. 1. Define the following terms: a. Chemical digestionb. Mechanical digestionc.
Exercise 7 The Digestive System NAME: DATE: INSTRUCTOR: SECTION: Digestive system function 1. Define the following terms: a. Chemical digestionb. Mechanical digestionc. Ingestiond. Digestione. Absorptionf.
More informationNURSE-UP DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AKA G.I. SYSTEM
NURSE-UP DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AKA G.I. SYSTEM The digestive system is used for breaking down food into nutrients which then pass into the circulatory system and are taken to where they are needed in the body.
More informationdigestion basic needs budgets chapter 41 ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS FOR ADULTS
digestion chapter 41 basic needs Nutritional Requirements A nutritionally adequate diet satisfies three needs: Fuel (chemical energy) organic raw materials organic carbon organic nitrogen Essential nutrients
More informationNutrition and Digestion
Nutrition and Digestion Classes of Nutrients Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Minerals Vitamins Water Macronutrients Carbon-containing compounds Energy and raw material Includes carbohydrates, lipids, & proteins
More informationObjective 4- Digestion
Objective 4- Digestion 1. Describe why cells require nutrients Supply energy for metabolism (cell activities), matter for synthesis of new materials, cell reproduction, secretion and to regulate cell processes
More information- Digestion occurs during periods of low activity - Produces more energy than it uses. - Mucosa
Introduction Digestive System Chapter 29 Provides processes to break down molecules into a state easily used by cells - A disassembly line: Starts at the mouth and ends at the anus Digestive functions
More informationLab 5 Digestion and Hormones of Digestion. 7/16/2015 MDufilho 1
Lab 5 Digestion and Hormones of Digestion 1 Figure 23.1 Alimentary canal and related accessory digestive organs. Mouth (oral cavity) Tongue* Parotid gland Sublingual gland Submandibular gland Salivary
More informationThe Digestive System
The Digestive System Key words Pharynx oesophagus stomach intestine epiglottis gall bladder Pancreas peristalsis liver enzyme rectum sphincter Pyloric duodenum jejunum ileum bile lipase Amylase trypsin
More informationHarvesting energy from food. Digestion: A Closer Look. Where digestion begins. Salivary Glands 4/17/13. Or how food gets from
Harvesting energy from food Or how food gets from to and body structures Cheese protein (a polymer of amino acids in a specific sequence) Breakdown of protein by human digestive system Amino acid monomer
More informationBio 104 Digestive System
13 Lecture Outline: Digestive System Hole s HAP [Chapters 17 & 18] General Characteristics of the Alimentary Canal A. Functions 1. Ingestion 2. Mechanical digestion 3. Chemical digestion 4. Propulsion
More informationBioenergetics and Digestion
Bioenergetics and Digestion Core Concepts Nutritional requirements Animals are heterotrophs that require food for fuel, carbon skeletons, and essential nutrients. Metabolic rate provides clues to an animal
More information1. Animals are heterotrophs that require food for fuel, carbon skeletons, and essential nutrients: an overview
1. Animals are heterotrophs that require food for fuel, carbon skeletons, and essential nutrients: an overview A nutritionally adequate diet satisfies three needs: fuel (chemical energy) for all the cellular
More informationBiology 12 - Digestion Notes
Biology 12 - Digestion Notes Anatomy Physiology Functions of the Digestive System -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- food (enzymes, bile, HCl) to assist
More informationWhat is Digestion? The break down of food into molecules that are small enough to be absorbed and used by the body
Digestive System What is Digestion? The break down of food into molecules that are small enough to be absorbed and used by the body What is Digestion? This involves: Ingestion and propulsion of food along
More informationDigestive Tract. Also called alimentary canal or gastrointestinal tract. stomach small intestine large intestine - anus
Digestive Tract Also called alimentary canal or gastrointestinal tract Mouth pharynxepiglottis- esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine - anus Digestive Tract Digestion: The mechanical and chemical
More informationDigestive System. Part A Multiple Choice. 1. Which of the following is NOT a digestive enzyme? A. Pepsin. B. Ptyalin. C. Gastrin. D. Trypsin.
Digestive System Part A Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is NOT a digestive enzyme? A. Pepsin. B. Ptyalin. C. Gastrin. D. Trypsin. 2. The presence of large numbers of mitochondria in the cells
More informationPOGIL Activity on The Digestive System (Let s go Down the Hatch! )
POGIL Activity on The Digestive System (Let s go Down the Hatch! ) Life is organized in the following levels: Chemical Level, Cellular Level, Tissue Level, Organ Level, Organ System Level, and finally,
More informationChapter 21 Nutrition and Digestion
Chapter 21 Nutrition and Digestion PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture by Edward
More information38.2 Animal Nutrition Human Digestion. Regents Biology
38.2 Animal Nutrition Human Digestion Objectives Distinguish intracellular from extracellular digestion Examine how the digestive system evolves across the phyla Identify the components of the human digestive
More informationKRISHNA TEJA PHARMACY COLLEGE HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Dr.B.Jyothi
KRISHNA TEJA PHARMACY COLLEGE HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Dr.B.Jyothi Prof, Dept. Of Pharmacology KTPC The Digestive System Food undergoes six major processes: 1. Ingestion : process
More informationSoft palate elevates, closing off the nasopharynx. Hard palate Tongue Bolus Epiglottis. Glottis Larynx moves up and forward.
The Cephalic Phase Chemical and mechanical digestion begins in the mouth Saliva is an exocrine secretion Salivary secretion is under autonomic control Softens and lubricates food Chemical digestion: salivary
More informationUNIT I - DIGESTION Chapter 21
UNIT I - DIGESTION Chapter 21 OBJECTIVES Core: I can describe the structure and function of the digestive tract. I can outline the chemical digestion of the 3 main macromolecules. I can explain the absorption
More informationDigestive Lecture Test Questions Set 4
Digestive Lecture Test Questions Set 4 1. Which of the following is not associated directly with the small intestine: a. villi b. circular folds c. microvilli d. haustrae e. secretin 2. The largest (longest)
More informationHETEROTROPHS cannot make their own food like Autotrophs(Plants). They must get their nutrition from their surrounding environment.
HETEROTROPHS cannot make their own food like Autotrophs(Plants). They must get their nutrition from their surrounding environment. 1 Heterotrophic organisms are most bacteria, some protists, and ALL fungi
More informationChapter 41: Animal Nutrition
Metabolic Rate Animals are heterotrophs that require food for: 1) Fuel 2) Carbon Skeletons 3) Essential Nutrients Bioenergetics: Flow of energy through an organism Sets upper / lower limits Metabolic Rate:
More informationDigestive Systems. Design of Digestive Systems. Functions: detect, acquire, store, digest, absorb
blood-brain barrier brain fat cells cells of muscles, organs, & tissues lymph(fats, immune cells) blood alimentary canal lungs interstitial fluid kidney bladder fetus placenta barrier 1 Digestive Systems
More informationNutrients, Enzymes and Digestion Lesson 4: Digestion and Absorption. Digestive Tract and Accessory Organs
Nutrients, Enzymes and Digestion Lesson 4: Digestion and Absorption Digestive Tract and Accessory Organs http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter26/animation organs_of_digestion.html
More informationChapter 26 The Digestive System
Chapter 26 The Digestive System Digestive System Gastroenterology is the study of the stomach and intestine. Digestion Catabolism Absorption Anabolism The actions of the digestive system are controlled
More informationUNIT 3. DIGESTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.
1 UNIT 3. DIGESTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. 2 1. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 1) Which are the relationships between cellular respiration and the systems that perform nutrition in human body? Digestive system processes
More informationDigestive System. In one end and out the other.
Digestive System In one end and out the other. Overview Every cell in the body needs nourishment, yet most cells cannot leave their position in the body and travel to a food source, so the food must be
More informationChapter 41 - Animal Nutrition
Chapter 41 - Animal Nutrition Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology -Form matches function -Natural selection acts upon variations in form that allows for populations of organisms to be successful -Material
More informationDigestive System. Why do we need to eat? Growth Maintenance (repair tissue) Energy
Digestive System Why do we need to eat? Growth Maintenance (repair tissue) Energy Nutrients Nutrient = chemical that must be obtained by an organism from it s environment in order to survive; nutrients
More informationDigestive System. Unit 6.11 (6 th Edition) Chapter 7.11 (7 th Edition)
Digestive System Unit 6.11 (6 th Edition) Chapter 7.11 (7 th Edition) 1 Learning Objectives Identify the major organs of the digestive system. Explain the locations and functions of three organs in the
More informationDiges&on in the Stomach. Stomach Stores food. Secretes gastric juice (enzymes) converts a meal to acid chyme Mechanically grinds food.
Tongue Pharynx Glottis Larynx Trachea Food Epiglottis up Esophageal contracted Esophagus To To lungs stomach Glottis up and closed Epiglottis down Esophageal relaxed Tongue Pharynx Glottis Larynx Trachea
More informationChapter 20 The Digestive System Exam Study Questions
Chapter 20 The Digestive System Exam Study Questions 20.1 Overview of GI Processes 1. Describe the functions of digestive system. 2. List and define the four GI Processes: 20.2 Functional Anatomy of the
More informationPage 1. Chapter 34: Nutrition and Digestion
Chapter 34: Nutrition and Digestion Nutrition: Process of acquiring / processing nutrients into usable form Function of Nutrients: 1) Fuel cellular metabolism Measured in calories (energy required to raise
More informationPage 1. Electrolytes. Required to maintain certain functions. Imbalance causes death. Muscles, neurons, etc.
Chapter 34: Nutrition and Digestion Nutrition: Process of acquiring / processing nutrients into usable form Function of Nutrients: 1) Fuel cellular metabolism Measured in calories (energy required to raise
More informationThe Human Digestive Tract
The Human Digestive Tract The Mouth salivary glands (parotid, sublingual, submaxillary) - produces saliva --->lubricate food ---> dissolves food particles ---> allows us to taste food --->contains amylase
More informationChapter 9 Digestive System. Copyright 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Chapter 9 Digestive System Copyright 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Points to ponder What are the digestive system structures and their functions? Where
More information1. Three Main Functions. Chapter 19: 2. Two Groups of digestive organs. 2. Two Groups of digestive organs. 1. The Teeth 5/18/2015
1. Three Main Functions Chapter 19: General Structure and Function of the Digestive System Digestion-breakdown of food into small particles for transport to blood Absorption- into bloodstream to take to
More informationThe Digestive System: Basics. WedNesday October 24th All organisms need energy to survive. > Use energy to reproduce, grow, and repair
WedNesday October 24th 2012 QU: What would happen if an organism stopped eating? OBJ: Digestive System Notes All about hydrolysis and surface area Digestive System All organisms need energy to survive
More informationBioenergetics and Digestion
Bioenergetics and Digestion We ll be discussing 1. Trends and Various Strategies Used by Organisms to Process Food 2. Process of Digestion in Man 3. Disorders of the Human Digestive System Core Concepts
More informationThe Digestive System. What is the advantage of a one-way gut? If you swallow something, is it really inside you?
The Digestive System What is the advantage of a one-way gut?! If you swallow something, is it really inside you? Functions and Processes of the Digestive System: Move nutrients, water, electrolytes from
More informationAnimal Nutrition. Chapter 41. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for
Chapter 41 Animal Nutrition PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
More informationHuman Organ Systems. Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive
Human Organ Systems Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive The Circulatory System The circulatory system picks up and transports nutrients and oxygen to all the cells in the body, and carries wastes to the
More informationDifferent diets; different lives All animals eat other organisms. Mouth
Digestive and Excretory System TOC #4 Digestive System *3) Digestive System: Mouth, Saliva, Esophagus, Peristalsis, Chyme, Stomach, Small Intestine, Pancreas, Liver, Villi, Large Intestine, Excretory System:
More information