Overview. Herbivore Digestive Anatomy. Herbivory. Fraction of Primary Production Consumed By Various Herbivores

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Overview. Herbivore Digestive Anatomy. Herbivory. Fraction of Primary Production Consumed By Various Herbivores"

Transcription

1 Herbivore Digestive Anatomy Integrated Rangeland Management REM 456 Sergio Arispe, Ph.D. Overview Comparative Digestive Anatomy Herbivory Anatomy Digestive End-Products Foregut Fermenters Comparative Digestive Anatomy Fraction of Primary Production Consumed By Various Herbivores Herbivory FRACTION VEGETATION TYPE HERBIVORE 9.6% GRASSLANDS INVERTEBRATES 30-60% GRASSLANDS NEMATODES 30-60% GRASSLANDS (AFRICA) UNGULATES 20-90% TUNDRA GRAMINOIDS LEMMINGS 0.17% TALLGRASS PRAIRIE BIRDS (GRANIVORES) 58% SALT MARSH SNOW GEESE Cellobiose β-1,4 linkages Cellulose β-1,4 linkages (Modified from Crawley, 1983) β-d-glucose 1

2 rbivory Amylose α-1,4 linkages Maltose α-1,4 linkages Amylopectin α-1,4 linkages and α- 1,6 linkages The major purpose of the digestive system is to provide for the assimilation of nutrients required for biological functions including maintenance, growth, lactation, and reproduction α-d-glucose Non-cellulose digestors Hindgut or Post-gastric Fermenters Foregut or Pre-gastric Fermenters Architecture of GIT Location, size, and shape Nature and location of the digestive agents Enzymes and digestive juices, fermentation Chemical nature of the end products of digestion Amino acids, Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA s), Monoacylglycerol (MAG), Free Fatty Acids (FFA) Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) Functions Origins of Simple Animals Non-cellulose Digestors Simple stomach animals (Monogastrics) E.g., Humans, swine, reptiles Derive energy from starches Cellulose is not an energy source 2

3 caprophagy Cellulose Digestors Hindgut Fermentors Foregut Fermentors Cecum Colon Cecal Fermenters E.g., Rabbits, Guinea Pigs, Rat Cecal Fermenters Rabbits, Guinea Pigs, Rat 90 g g (Stevens, 1977) Cecum Colon Feces g Colon Fermenters Horse, Elephant, Rhino Location Substrate Digestive Agent End Product Protein Pepsin Amino Acids Amylase, Glucosidase Glucose, Maltose ADM Alliance Nutrition Proteins Trypsin, Carboxypeptidase Lipase Amino Acids MAG s, FA s Carbohydrate Microbes VFA s Mineral & Water 3

4 Origins of Simple Animals Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) Functions Foregut Fermenter Kangaroo Foregut Fermenter Ruminants Sheep, cattle, goats, elk, whitetailed deer Feed Prehension Mastication & deglutition (swallowing) & salivation Esophageal or Ruminoreticular groove VFA s absorbed Yes Nursing Anterior rumen or reticulum Mixed in Rumen, Fermented Reticulum Small Particles No, Larger particles than rumination No, Small Particles Rumen Major site of anaerobic fermentation Absorption of VFA s Mixes rumen contents Filiform and foliate Increase surface area Abomasum Small Intestine & Cecum Feces 4

5 Reticulum Distributes feed tot he omasum Origin of primary rumen contractions Some VFA Honeycomb increase surface area Traps small particles Pump food to the abomasum Active exchange of Na + and K + Some VFA and H2O Regulates flow into the abomasum Arranged on muscular laminae Abomasum Produces HCl Secretes proteolytic enzymes ph to prepare food for lower GIT Arranged in folds Ruminants Location Substrate Digestive Agent End Product Reticulo-rumen Protein Microbes Microbial Protein VFA s TAG, FFA s Water & Mineral Abomasum Protein Pepsin Amino Acids Proteins Amylase, Glucosidase Trypsin, Carboxypeptidase Lipase Glucose, Maltose Amino Acids MAG s, FFA s Carbohydrate Microbes VFA s Mineral & Water Approximate relative capacity of ruminant stomach compartments Summary Compartment At birth At 4 months At maturity Rumen 25% 75% 80% Reticulum 5% 5% 5% 10% 9% 7% Abomasum 60% 11% 8% Total 100% 100% 100% (Acker & Cunningham, 1991) The architecture of the GIT (Gastro-Intestinal Tract) and the agents of digestion are of utmost importance to determine digestive function Ruminants and hind-gut fermentors have well developed fermentation sites Hind-gut fermentors have greater rate of passage and can survive on lower quality food Ruminants can eat lower quality forage but must retain food for a longer period of time 5

Ruminant Digestion 8/7/2014 1

Ruminant Digestion 8/7/2014 1 Ruminant Digestion 8/7/2014 1 Different Digestive Systems The three different types of digestive systems are: Monogastric Modified Monogastric Ruminant 8/7/2014 2 A few animals with ruminant digestive

More information

All nutrients fall into one of; proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals

All nutrients fall into one of; proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals Essential nutrients; - must be supplied to an animal because the animal cannot synthesise them - needed to satisfy the requirements of its cells * if the amount of essential nutrients supplied is insufficient

More information

Unit 2: Animals on the land

Unit 2: Animals on the land GCSE Animal Nutrition Unit 2: Animals on the land For first teaching from September 2013 For first award in Summer 2015 Animal Nutrition Learning Outcomes At the end of this unit students should be able

More information

AF 1201 Digestive System. Dr. A.M.J.B. Adikari Dept. of Animal and Food Sciences

AF 1201 Digestive System. Dr. A.M.J.B. Adikari Dept. of Animal and Food Sciences AF 1201 Digestive System Dr. A.M.J.B. Adikari Dept. of Animal and Food Sciences Complex / Compound Stomach Large structure, located on the left side 4 parts Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum Abomasum Fore stomach

More information

Unit C: Meeting Nutritional Needs of Animals. Lesson 2: Understanding Animal Digestion

Unit C: Meeting Nutritional Needs of Animals. Lesson 2: Understanding Animal Digestion Unit C: Meeting Nutritional Needs of Animals Lesson 2: Understanding Animal Digestion Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following objectives:

More information

Chapter 11: Range Animal Nutrition

Chapter 11: Range Animal Nutrition Chapter 11: Range Animal Nutrition 1. Nutritional Components of Forages a. Protein b. Energy c. Phosphorus d. Vitamin A 2. Comparative Nutrition of Forages a. Grasses b. Forbs c. Shrubs 3. Comparative

More information

Digestive Systems of Livestock. A basic Look. To understand the basic anatomy of livestock digestive systems.

Digestive Systems of Livestock. A basic Look. To understand the basic anatomy of livestock digestive systems. Digestive Systems of Livestock A basic Look Goal: To understand the basic anatomy of livestock digestive systems. Objectives: To understand methods of prehension. To understand the different types of digestive

More information

2015 SENIOR DIGESTIVE

2015 SENIOR DIGESTIVE 2015 SENIOR DIGESTIVE EASY 2495 (easy) TH190/HIH705-1 Q: In reference to digestion, describe 2 main functions of the horse's mouth. A: Intake food, chew food, wet food with saliva 2496 (easy) TH93/HIH405-1,2

More information

Animal Digestion and Nutrition. Objective 7.02: Understand the digestive process

Animal Digestion and Nutrition. Objective 7.02: Understand the digestive process Animal Digestion and Nutrition Objective 7.02: Understand the digestive process RUMINANTS Ruminant Animals Animals with complex digestive systems Capable of digesting material with a high fiber concentration

More information

U S C on, hns Jo a elin C

U S C on, hns Jo a elin C What do animals eat? What do feeds provide? What is a nutrient? Chemical substance that provides Chemical substance that provides nourishment for the body What types of nutrients are there? What types

More information

Rumenology 101. Dr. Matt Hersom Dept. of Animal Sciences, UF-IFAS

Rumenology 101. Dr. Matt Hersom Dept. of Animal Sciences, UF-IFAS Rumenology 101 Dr. Matt Hersom Dept. of Animal Sciences, UF-IFAS Ruminants are cool. They have a diverse body size from the small mouse deer that weighs 4 to 11 lbs and stands 14 inches tall to the giraffe

More information

Monogastric. SIMPLE stomach Examples PIGS HUMANS

Monogastric. SIMPLE stomach Examples PIGS HUMANS Monogastric SIMPLE stomach Examples PIGS HUMANS Mouth, part of digestive system. The mouth contains the TEETH, TONGUE, and SALIVARY GLAND. Chewing action or MASTICATION. Food is cut and torn in the mouth,

More information

Outline. Ruminant Nutrition. Digestive Tract Anatomy. Digestive Tract Anatomy Digestion of nutrients AS 1124

Outline. Ruminant Nutrition. Digestive Tract Anatomy. Digestive Tract Anatomy Digestion of nutrients AS 1124 Outline Ruminant Nutrition Digestive Tract Anatomy Digestion of nutrients AS 1124 Digestive Tract Anatomy Many organic components of feed are in the form of large insoluble molecules, hence has to be broken

More information

Animal Nutrition. Chapter 41. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for

Animal Nutrition. Chapter 41. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Chapter 41 Animal Nutrition PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp

More information

Unit Title: Digestive Systems. Instructor: Ms. Hutchinson. Objectives: After completion of this unit of instruction, students will:

Unit Title: Digestive Systems. Instructor: Ms. Hutchinson. Objectives: After completion of this unit of instruction, students will: Course: Livestock Production TEKS: 130.3(c)(5)(a) Unit Title: Digestive Systems Instructor: Ms. Hutchinson Objectives: After completion of this unit of instruction, students will: A. Define what a digestive

More information

Animal Digestion and Nutrition

Animal Digestion and Nutrition Animal Digestion and Nutrition Competency: Analyze the parts and functions of the digestive system of farm animals By : ARI WIBOWO, S.Pt.,M.Si & SUHARDI, S.Pt.,MP Ruminants Objective: Describe the function

More information

Animal Nutrition. Key Concepts. Animals are heterotrophs, obtain nutrition from other organisms. What do animals get from food?

Animal Nutrition. Key Concepts. Animals are heterotrophs, obtain nutrition from other organisms. What do animals get from food? Key Concepts Animal Nutrition Why eat? Eat what? Design of digestive systems Processing steps and their hormonal control Challenge of herbivory Animals are heterotrophs, obtain nutrition from other organisms

More information

Key Concepts. Why eat? Eat what? Design of digestive systems Processing steps and their hormonal control Challenge of herbivory

Key Concepts. Why eat? Eat what? Design of digestive systems Processing steps and their hormonal control Challenge of herbivory Animal Nutrition Key Concepts Why eat? Eat what? Design of digestive systems Processing steps and their hormonal control Challenge of herbivory Animals are heterotrophs, obtain nutrition from other organisms

More information

Nutrition. Autotrophs. plants, some protists & bacteria producers

Nutrition. Autotrophs. plants, some protists & bacteria producers Nutrition Autotrophs plants, some protists & bacteria producers Nutrition Heterotrophs animals, fungi, some protists & bacteria consumers Animal Nutrition Most obtain food by ingestion take in their food

More information

Rumination or cud chewing consists of regurgitation, remastication, reinsalvation, and reswallowing.

Rumination or cud chewing consists of regurgitation, remastication, reinsalvation, and reswallowing. Nutrition 115 Midterm Exam 2 February 25, 2000 Name Please be sure to put your name at the top of each page. Any page without a name in the appropriate place will not be graded. Read each question carefully,

More information

Figure Nutrition: omnivore, herbivore, carnivore

Figure Nutrition: omnivore, herbivore, carnivore Figure 41.1 Nutrition: omnivore, herbivore, carnivore Essential Nutrients: Amino acids Fatty acids Vitamins Minerals Figure 41.2 Complete vs incomplete Omnivore vs herbivore (vegetarian) Table 41.1 Table

More information

The four stomachs of a dairy cow

The four stomachs of a dairy cow The four stomachs of a dairy cow Left side view 1) Rumen 2) Reticulum 3) Omasum 4) Abomasum Reticulo-omasal orifice (reticulo-rumen exit) (on the right side of the cow) (on the right side of the cow) Esophagus

More information

Chapter 21 NUTRITION AND DIGESTION

Chapter 21 NUTRITION AND DIGESTION Chapter 21 NUTRITION AND DIGESTION Stages of Food Processing 1. Ingestion: The act of eating. Usually involves placing food in mouth or oral cavity. 2. Digestion: Macromolecules in food (fats, proteins,

More information

The digestion system and nutrient requirements

The digestion system and nutrient requirements Principles of nutrition 1 TechNote 1 The digestion system and nutrient requirements IN THIS TECHNOTE 1.1 Functions of the ruminant digestive system 1.2 Requirements of the dairy cow 1.3 Further reading

More information

The horse's digestive system

The horse's digestive system The horse's digestive system The horse is a nonruminant herbivore. Non-ruminant means that horses do not have multi-compartmented stomachs as cattle do. Instead, the horse has a simple stomach that works

More information

Weeks: Dates: 3/23 4/17 Unit: Animal Nutrition

Weeks: Dates: 3/23 4/17 Unit: Animal Nutrition Name: clementaged.weebly.com Period: Weeks: 31 33 Dates: 3/23 4/17 Unit: Animal Nutrition Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 23 E *Vocabulary *Intro to Dig. Systems *digestive System Diagrams 30

More information

Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. The Digestive System

Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. The Digestive System The Digestive System Chapter 48 Types of Digestive Systems Heterotrophs are divided into three groups based on their food sources -Herbivores are animals that eat plants exclusively -Carnivores are animals

More information

The digestive tract of the pig

The digestive tract of the pig The digestive tract of the pig 2010-11-26 J.P. Rowan1, K.L. Durrance2, G.E. Combs3 and L.Z. Fisher4 1Extension Agent - Agriculture, 4-h, Suwannee County 2professor, Animal Science Department 3professor,

More information

Chapter 2 Anatomy of Digestive System of Dairy Animals: digestion, absorption and utilization of different nutrients

Chapter 2 Anatomy of Digestive System of Dairy Animals: digestion, absorption and utilization of different nutrients Chapter 2 Anatomy of Digestive System of Dairy Animals: digestion, absorption and utilization of different nutrients OBJECTIVE 1. To study the different organs and their role in digestion and absorption

More information

Topic 10: Nutrition & Digestion Ch. 41. Nutritional Requirements pp Essential Amino Acids p.939. Essential Fatty Acids p.

Topic 10: Nutrition & Digestion Ch. 41. Nutritional Requirements pp Essential Amino Acids p.939. Essential Fatty Acids p. Topic 10: Nutrition & Digestion Ch. 41 Nutritional Requirements pp.939-941 Diets for animals must satisfy three needs : 1. Metabolic fuel Energy needed to do cellular work. E.g. glucose 2. Materials for

More information

Kashif Ishaq PhD; DVM

Kashif Ishaq PhD; DVM Kashif Ishaq PhD; DVM Hind gut fomenters Stomach is not chambered Other animals are donkey, rabbits Parts of Digestive System Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine is 21 m long Large intestine 40-50

More information

Assessment Schedule 2017 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to a mammal(s) as a consumer(s) (90929)

Assessment Schedule 2017 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to a mammal(s) as a consumer(s) (90929) NCEA Level 1 Biology (90929) 2017 page 1 of 6 Assessment Schedule 2017 Biology: Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to a mammal(s) as a consumer(s) (90929) Evidence Statement QUESTION

More information

Modified Monogastric Digestive System

Modified Monogastric Digestive System Modified Monogastric Digestive System Digestive System of the Horse 8/7/2014 1 The Digestive Tract Horses and rabbits are modified monogastric herbivores. Horses are able to utilize large amounts of roughage

More information

Animal Anatomy and Physiology Part 2. By : ARI WIBOWO, S.Pt.,M.Si & SUHARDI, S.Pt.,MP

Animal Anatomy and Physiology Part 2. By : ARI WIBOWO, S.Pt.,M.Si & SUHARDI, S.Pt.,MP Animal Anatomy and Physiology Part 2 By : ARI WIBOWO, S.Pt.,M.Si & SUHARDI, S.Pt.,MP Digestive System Ruminant System Rumen Largest compartment Food is soaked, mixed. Microorganisms ferment the feed. Carbohydrates

More information

CPT David J. Licciardello, DVM Veterinary Advisor

CPT David J. Licciardello, DVM Veterinary Advisor CPT David J. Licciardello, DVM Veterinary Advisor Carbohydrates Fats (Fatty Acids) Minerals Proteins (Amino Acids) Vitamins Water Referred to as Fiber Made up of the forage portion of a diet In a complete

More information

What is Digestion? The break down of food into molecules that are small enough to be absorbed and used by the body

What is Digestion? The break down of food into molecules that are small enough to be absorbed and used by the body Digestive System What is Digestion? The break down of food into molecules that are small enough to be absorbed and used by the body What is Digestion? This involves: Ingestion and propulsion of food along

More information

Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition. 1. Overview of Animal Nutrition 2. Digestive Organs 3. Digestive Adaptations

Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition. 1. Overview of Animal Nutrition 2. Digestive Organs 3. Digestive Adaptations Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition 1. Overview of Animal Nutrition 2. Digestive Organs 3. Digestive Adaptations 1. Overview of Animal Nutrition The Need to Feed Feeding satisfies 3 requirements: 1 chemical energy

More information

1. Overview of Animal Nutrition

1. Overview of Animal Nutrition Chapter 41: Animal Nutrition 1. Overview of Animal Nutrition 2. Digestive Organs 3. Digestive Adaptations 1. Overview of Animal Nutrition The Need to Feed Feeding satisfies 3 requirements: 1 chemical energy

More information

Digestive Physiology. For: ADVS 1110 Introduction to Animal Science

Digestive Physiology. For: ADVS 1110 Introduction to Animal Science Digestive Physiology For: ADVS 1110 Introduction to Animal Science Digestion Digestive Systems Simple Monogastric Systems: Animal Humans Monkey Pig Dog Poultry Food Class Omnivore Omnivore Omnivore Carnivore

More information

Department of Animal Science; University of Nebraska; Lincoln, NE

Department of Animal Science; University of Nebraska; Lincoln, NE BASICS OF RUMINANT ANIMAL NUTRITION Pablo L. Loza, MS and Jess L. Miner, PhD* Department of Animal Science; University of Nebraska; Lincoln, NE 68583-0908 Introduction Cellulose is the main constituent

More information

10/23/2013 ANIMAL NUTRITION ANIMAL NUTRITION ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS AN ANIMAL S DIET MUST STUPPLY: AMINO ACIDS

10/23/2013 ANIMAL NUTRITION ANIMAL NUTRITION ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS AN ANIMAL S DIET MUST STUPPLY: AMINO ACIDS ANIMAL NUTRITION Food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the process of animal nutrition In general, animals fall into three categories: Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores ANIMAL NUTRITION Chapter

More information

Nutritional Management of the Racehorse. Laurie Lawrence, Ph.D. Department of Animal and Food Sciences University of Kentucky

Nutritional Management of the Racehorse. Laurie Lawrence, Ph.D. Department of Animal and Food Sciences University of Kentucky Nutritional Management of the Racehorse Laurie Lawrence, Ph.D. Department of Animal and Food Sciences University of Kentucky Considerations Meet nutrient requirements Maintain normal GI tract Feeding the

More information

Goals. The Hindgut 4/10/2014. Equine Digestive Tract. Week 2 Lecture 4

Goals. The Hindgut 4/10/2014. Equine Digestive Tract. Week 2 Lecture 4 Equine Digestive Tract Week 2 Lecture 4 Clair Thunes, PhD Animal Science 126 Equine Nutrition Goals Know the main anatomical sections of the hindgut, their functions and purpose Sites of potential impactions

More information

CARBOHYDRATES. Created for BCLM Pony Club Nutrition #14

CARBOHYDRATES. Created for BCLM Pony Club Nutrition #14 CARBOHYDRATES Created for BCLM Pony Club Nutrition #14 Carbohydrates Collective term for starches, sugars and dietary fibres The dietary fibres are cellulose and hemicellulose Glycogen is how energy is

More information

Ch41 Animal Nutrition

Ch41 Animal Nutrition Ch41 Animal Nutrition Digestive system Purpose = break down food into smaller nutrients to be used in the body for energy and raw materials for biosynthesis Overview of food processing Ingestion: act of

More information

14. Digestion of Grain

14. Digestion of Grain Module 3 Grain Feeding Learning objectives On completion of this topic you should be able to: 14. Digestion of Grain John Nolan Discuss the animal factors influencing starch digestion in ruminants. Discuss

More information

10/18/2017 ANIMAL NUTRITION ANIMAL NUTRITION ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS AN ANIMAL S DIET MUST STUPPLY: AMINO ACIDS

10/18/2017 ANIMAL NUTRITION ANIMAL NUTRITION ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS AN ANIMAL S DIET MUST STUPPLY: AMINO ACIDS ANIMAL NUTRITION Food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the process of animal nutrition In general, animals fall into three categories: Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores ANIMAL NUTRITION Chapter

More information

Proceedings, The Range Beef Cow Symposium XXI December 1, 2 and , Casper, WY. Rumen Physiology for the Rancher

Proceedings, The Range Beef Cow Symposium XXI December 1, 2 and , Casper, WY. Rumen Physiology for the Rancher Proceedings, The Range Beef Cow Symposium XXI December 1, 2 and 3 2009, Casper, WY Rumen Physiology for the Rancher Ivan G. Rush Beef Specialist Emeriti, University of Nebraska Panhandle Research and Extension

More information

3/26/2013 ANIMAL NUTRITION AN ANIMAL S DIET MUST SUPPLY CHEMICAL ENERGY, ORGANIC MOLECULES, AND ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS

3/26/2013 ANIMAL NUTRITION AN ANIMAL S DIET MUST SUPPLY CHEMICAL ENERGY, ORGANIC MOLECULES, AND ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS ANIMAL NUTRITION Food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up in the process of animal nutrition In general, animals fall into three categories: Herbivores eat mainly plants and algae Carnivores eat other

More information

Assessment Schedule 2015 Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to a mammal(s) as a consumer(s) (90929)

Assessment Schedule 2015 Demonstrate understanding of biological ideas relating to a mammal(s) as a consumer(s) (90929) NCEA Level 1 Biology (90929) 2015 page 1 of 7 Assessment Schedule 2015 Demonstrate understanding of biological relating to a mammal(s) as a consumer(s) (90929) Evidence Statement ONE NØ N1 N2 A3 A4 M5

More information

VPB-121: Veterinary physiology - II (2+1) QUESTION BANK

VPB-121: Veterinary physiology - II (2+1) QUESTION BANK VPB-121: Veterinary physiology - II (2+1) QUESTION BANK FAQ on Nervous System Classification of neurotransmitters Synaptic anatomy and transmission Physiological anatomy, of neuron with its classification

More information

11 - Food and Fuel. Muscles Cont d Hydrolysis vs. cellular respiration. Digestive tract anatomy and function

11 - Food and Fuel. Muscles Cont d Hydrolysis vs. cellular respiration. Digestive tract anatomy and function 11 - Food and Fuel Muscles Cont d Hydrolysis vs. cellular respiration Digestive tract anatomy and function *Exam September 30. One week from today *Review session poll forthcoming Exam: Week from today

More information

Digestive System. Part A Multiple Choice. 1. Which of the following is NOT a digestive enzyme? A. Pepsin. B. Ptyalin. C. Gastrin. D. Trypsin.

Digestive System. Part A Multiple Choice. 1. Which of the following is NOT a digestive enzyme? A. Pepsin. B. Ptyalin. C. Gastrin. D. Trypsin. Digestive System Part A Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is NOT a digestive enzyme? A. Pepsin. B. Ptyalin. C. Gastrin. D. Trypsin. 2. The presence of large numbers of mitochondria in the cells

More information

Digestive System Processes

Digestive System Processes Unit 7 Digestive System Processes ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Processes of the Digestive System Ingestion- getting food into the mouth Propulsion- moving foods through the digestive system

More information

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: Digestion Learning Objectives At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: Enzymes Explain enzyme action in terms of the lock and key hypothesis Explain the effects of temperature and ph on the rate

More information

Digestive Lecture Test Questions Set 4

Digestive Lecture Test Questions Set 4 Digestive Lecture Test Questions Set 4 1. Which of the following is not associated directly with the small intestine: a. villi b. circular folds c. microvilli d. haustrae e. secretin 2. The largest (longest)

More information

Monogastric Digestive System

Monogastric Digestive System Monogastric Digestive System Matching Species Cow Pig Kangaroo Sheep Horse Dog Chicken Digestive System Ruminant Monogastric Pre-gastric Fermentation Post-gastric Fermentation Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore

More information

HUMAN NUTRITION 08 MAY 2013

HUMAN NUTRITION 08 MAY 2013 HUMAN NUTRITION 08 MAY 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson, we: Study the structure of the human digestive system Look at the processes used in the human digestive system Look at the two different types

More information

Chapter 9: Digestion Review Assignment

Chapter 9: Digestion Review Assignment _ Date: Mark: /45 Chapter 9: Digestion Review Assignment 45 Multiple Choice = 45 Marks Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following roles do

More information

Biology 12 Unit 5 Pretest

Biology 12 Unit 5 Pretest Biology Unit 5 Pretest Name: Date: Block:. Chewing aids digestion by A. stimulating release of bile B. increasing surface area of food C. breaking up polymers into monomers D. stimulating water absorption.

More information

The small intestine THE DUODENUM

The small intestine THE DUODENUM 4. The digestive system 4.2 The stages of digestion 4.2.7 The small intestine THE DUODENUM The duodenum is the first segment of the small intestine. It is an important segment because it receives pancreatic

More information

Actisaf Sc 47 - what is it and how does it work?

Actisaf Sc 47 - what is it and how does it work? Actisaf Sc 47 - what is it and how does it work? What is Actisaf? is a live yeast of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast are single cell organisms which are classified as fungi. The most common

More information

Grass to Glass Amazing Dairy Cows

Grass to Glass Amazing Dairy Cows Purpose: Students learn how the complex digestive system of dairy cows allows these animals to eat grass and other forages to produce milk for humans to drink. Time: 60 min Level: 3-6 Materials: Diagram

More information

Human Digestion. Junior Science

Human Digestion. Junior Science Human Digestion Junior Science True or False The word stomach comes from the Greek meaning Throat. Butterflies in the stomach have nothing to do with the stomach. It is possible to live without your stomach.

More information

COW SUPPLEMENTATION: GETTING THE BEST BANG FOR YOUR BUCK. Low Quality Forage. Ruminant Digestive Anatomy. How do we get the best bang for the buck?

COW SUPPLEMENTATION: GETTING THE BEST BANG FOR YOUR BUCK. Low Quality Forage. Ruminant Digestive Anatomy. How do we get the best bang for the buck? COW SUPPLEMENTATION: GETTING THE BEST BANG FOR YOUR BUCK Ken Olson Extension Beef Specialist How do we get the best bang for the buck? 2 aspects: Biology: Use the right feeds to provide the right nutrients

More information

This is descriptive - general zoologists might be interested in this: Suspension feeders - whales, gills, clams.

This is descriptive - general zoologists might be interested in this: Suspension feeders - whales, gills, clams. Nutrition: How to obtain food: This is descriptive - general zoologists might be interested in this: Suspension feeders - whales, gills, clams. Eat little particles suspended in the water. Substrate feeders

More information

UNDERSTANDING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

UNDERSTANDING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM UNDERSTANDING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Understanding Digestion The key to solving food and digestive issues starts with an understanding of how the digestive and intestinal system works If you know what is

More information

The process of digestion is accomplished by mechanical & chemical processes:- The buccal cavity performs two major functions, mastication of food &

The process of digestion is accomplished by mechanical & chemical processes:- The buccal cavity performs two major functions, mastication of food & The process of digestion is accomplished by mechanical & chemical processes:- The buccal cavity performs two major functions, mastication of food & facilitation of swallowing. The teeth & the tongue with

More information

UNDERSTANDING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

UNDERSTANDING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Slide 1 UNDERSTANDING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Slide 2 Understanding Digestion The key to solving food and digestive issues starts with an understanding of how the digestive and intestinal system works If

More information

Digestion of the Bison

Digestion of the Bison Digestion of the Bison Roll Call: Name an animal. Is this animal ruminant or monogastric? Now, name as many ruminant and monogastric animals as you can. Ruminant Monogastric Because your diet is so different

More information

DIGESTION SBI 3C: NOVEMBER 2010

DIGESTION SBI 3C: NOVEMBER 2010 DIGESTION SBI 3C: NOVEMBER 2010 DIAGRAM OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: Mouth Esophagus Liver Gallbladder Large Intestine Appendix Stomach Pancreas Small Intestine Rectum Anus STAGES OF DIGESTION: 1. INGESTION Taking

More information

Ch18. Metabolism. Chemical processes that maintain life. From the Greek metabole change." version 1.0

Ch18. Metabolism. Chemical processes that maintain life. From the Greek metabole change. version 1.0 Ch18 Metabolism Chemical processes that maintain life. From the Greek metabole change." version 1.0 Nick DeMello, PhD. 2007-2015 Ch18 Metabolism Metabolism Defined Metabolic Pathways Energy stored as ATP

More information

The Digestive System. 1- Carbohydrates 2- Proteins 3- Lipids 4- Water 5- Vitamins 6- Minerals 7- Fibers

The Digestive System. 1- Carbohydrates 2- Proteins 3- Lipids 4- Water 5- Vitamins 6- Minerals 7- Fibers I. Type of food: The Digestive System 1- Carbohydrates 2- Proteins 3- Lipids 4- Water 5- Vitamins 6- Minerals 7- Fibers 1- Carbohydrates: are energy foods (sugars). They are made of C,H, and O atoms. They

More information

Understanding Forage Intake in Range Animals

Understanding Forage Intake in Range Animals L-5152 1-99 Understanding Forage Intake in Range Animals Robert K. Lyons, Rick Machen, and T.D.A. Forbes* Forage quality influences the performance of range livestock and wildlife, and it is often assumed

More information

Biology 12 - Digestion Notes

Biology 12 - Digestion Notes Biology 12 - Digestion Notes Anatomy Physiology Functions of the Digestive System -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- food (enzymes, bile, HCl) to assist

More information

Biology 20: Digestive System Did you get it? Questions and Answers

Biology 20: Digestive System Did you get it? Questions and Answers Biology 20: Digestive System Did you get it? Questions and Answers Mouth 1. What is the purpose of chewing? a. break food into smaller pieces so there is a greater SA for chemicals to work on. 2. Salivary

More information

Digestive System Processes *

Digestive System Processes * OpenStax-CNX module: m44742 1 Digestive System Processes * OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this section, you

More information

Sustainable Resources 11 Animal Husbandry Unit Cow Anatomy

Sustainable Resources 11 Animal Husbandry Unit Cow Anatomy Sustainable Resources 11 Animal Husbandry Unit Cow Anatomy Cows Cattle (cows) are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates (hooved animal). Cow Facts In 2009, cattle became the first livestock

More information

Digestive System. Why do we need to eat? Growth Maintenance (repair tissue) Energy

Digestive System. Why do we need to eat? Growth Maintenance (repair tissue) Energy Digestive System Why do we need to eat? Growth Maintenance (repair tissue) Energy Nutrients Nutrient = chemical that must be obtained by an organism from it s environment in order to survive; nutrients

More information

Harvesting energy from food. Digestion: A Closer Look. Where digestion begins. Salivary Glands 4/17/13. Or how food gets from

Harvesting energy from food. Digestion: A Closer Look. Where digestion begins. Salivary Glands 4/17/13. Or how food gets from Harvesting energy from food Or how food gets from to and body structures Cheese protein (a polymer of amino acids in a specific sequence) Breakdown of protein by human digestive system Amino acid monomer

More information

Digestive Systems. Bởi: OpenStaxCollege

Digestive Systems. Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Digestive Systems Bởi: OpenStaxCollege Animals obtain their nutrition from the consumption of other organisms. Depending on their diet, animals can be classified into the following categories: plant eaters

More information

All organisms must obtain and process essential nutrients (food) *** Exception: Venus Fly Traps undergo photosynthesis but needs source of nitrogen

All organisms must obtain and process essential nutrients (food) *** Exception: Venus Fly Traps undergo photosynthesis but needs source of nitrogen All organisms must obtain and process essential nutrients (food) AUTOTROPHS self feeder makes their own food eg. Plants do not require a digestive tract *** Exception: Venus Fly Traps undergo photosynthesis

More information

Human Biology. Digestive System

Human Biology. Digestive System Human Biology Digestive System Digestion - Defined Prepares food for use by all body cells The physical and/or chemical breakdown of food Did you know: the average person eats more than 500kg of food per

More information

1) Four main feeding mechanisms of animals a) Suspension feeders i) (1) Humpback whales b) Substrate feeders i)

1) Four main feeding mechanisms of animals a) Suspension feeders i) (1) Humpback whales b) Substrate feeders i) 1 AP Biology March 2008 Digestion Chapter 41 Homeostatic mechanisms manage an animal s energy budget. 1) Four main feeding mechanisms of animals Suspension feeders (1) Humpback whales Substrate feeders

More information

Nutrients, Enzymes and Digestion Lesson 4: Digestion and Absorption. Digestive Tract and Accessory Organs

Nutrients, Enzymes and Digestion Lesson 4: Digestion and Absorption. Digestive Tract and Accessory Organs Nutrients, Enzymes and Digestion Lesson 4: Digestion and Absorption Digestive Tract and Accessory Organs http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter26/animation organs_of_digestion.html

More information

The Ruminant Animal. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Oklahoma State University

The Ruminant Animal. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Oklahoma State University The Ruminant Animal Chapter 10 Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Oklahoma State University Arable Land Globally: 1/32 of the land mass is suitable for cultivation. United States: United States: Today

More information

Digestive Systems. Design of Digestive Systems. Functions: detect, acquire, store, digest, absorb

Digestive Systems. Design of Digestive Systems. Functions: detect, acquire, store, digest, absorb blood-brain barrier brain fat cells cells of muscles, organs, & tissues lymph(fats, immune cells) blood alimentary canal lungs interstitial fluid kidney bladder fetus placenta barrier 1 Digestive Systems

More information

Nutrients and Digestion

Nutrients and Digestion Nutrients and Digestion Nutrition what is needed to be taken in to keep the body healthy Essential Nutrients Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Minerals Vitamins Water Carbohydrates Types of sugars combined in

More information

Digestive System. Physical and breakdown begins. : Further breakdown, chemical/enzymatic

Digestive System. Physical and breakdown begins. : Further breakdown, chemical/enzymatic SBI 3C Digestive System : food enters the system Physical and breakdown begins : Further breakdown, chemical/enzymatic : Nutrients enter system, delivered to tissues of the body Elimination of Waste (

More information

By: Dr. Patrick Davis, University of Missouri Extension County Livestock Specialist Jeff Yearington, Lincoln University Farm Outreach Worker West

By: Dr. Patrick Davis, University of Missouri Extension County Livestock Specialist Jeff Yearington, Lincoln University Farm Outreach Worker West By: Dr. Patrick Davis, University of Missouri Extension County Livestock Specialist Jeff Yearington, Lincoln University Farm Outreach Worker West Central Region Goat Nutrition Forage Quality Feeding Strategies

More information

The Digestive System. Basic process of digestion. Mouth and Teeth 10/30/2016

The Digestive System. Basic process of digestion. Mouth and Teeth 10/30/2016 The Digestive System Basic process of digestion 1. Ingestion: animal eats food. 2. Digestion: animal body breaks food down. Mechanical digestion: chewing (mastication). Chemical digestion: enzymes and

More information

Abdulrahman Alhanbali. Lojayn Salah. Mohammad Khatatbeh. 1 P a g e

Abdulrahman Alhanbali. Lojayn Salah. Mohammad Khatatbeh. 1 P a g e 7 Abdulrahman Alhanbali Lojayn Salah Mohammad Khatatbeh 1 P a g e In this lecture we will talk about digestion and absorption of food in the alimentary tract. But first of all we have some important points

More information

Animal Nutrition. Chapter 41. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for

Animal Nutrition. Chapter 41. Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Chapter 41 Animal Nutrition PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp

More information

e. Undigested material is compacted and stored until the colon is full. When the colon is full, a signal to empty it is sent by sensors in the walls

e. Undigested material is compacted and stored until the colon is full. When the colon is full, a signal to empty it is sent by sensors in the walls Digestive System 1. General a. Animals obtain energy by breaking food molecules into smaller pieces. b. The basic fuel molecules are amino acids, lipids and sugars c. Digestion is the chemical breakdown

More information

Digestive System Notes. Biology - Mrs. Kaye

Digestive System Notes. Biology - Mrs. Kaye Digestive System Notes Biology - Mrs. Kaye Digestion There are two kinds of digestion: Mechanical digestion - the physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces to increase surface area for more enzyme

More information

The Digestive System

The Digestive System The Digestive System What is the digestive system? The digestive system is where the digestion of food and liquids occurs. Our bodies are not suited to absorbing the energy contained in food as they are

More information

Nutrition and Digestion

Nutrition and Digestion Nutrition and Digestion Classes of Nutrients Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Minerals Vitamins Water Macronutrients Carbon-containing compounds Energy and raw material Includes carbohydrates, lipids, & proteins

More information

Animal Appetites. The following narrative was written by Alex, a 5th grader who raises livestock for 4-H.

Animal Appetites. The following narrative was written by Alex, a 5th grader who raises livestock for 4-H. Animal Appetites The following narrative was written by Alex, a 5th grader who raises livestock for 4-H. This morning I woke up early because it was my turn to feed the animals my sister and I are raising

More information

Forage Quality and Livestock Nutrition on Pasture. Patrick Davis, Ph. D. Johnson County MU Extension Livestock Specialist

Forage Quality and Livestock Nutrition on Pasture. Patrick Davis, Ph. D. Johnson County MU Extension Livestock Specialist Forage Quality and Livestock Nutrition on Pasture Patrick Davis, Ph. D. Johnson County MU Extension Livestock Specialist Topics Ruminant Nutrition Factors Effecting Forage Quality Nutrient requirements

More information

KRISHNA TEJA PHARMACY COLLEGE HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Dr.B.Jyothi

KRISHNA TEJA PHARMACY COLLEGE HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Dr.B.Jyothi KRISHNA TEJA PHARMACY COLLEGE HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Dr.B.Jyothi Prof, Dept. Of Pharmacology KTPC The Digestive System Food undergoes six major processes: 1. Ingestion : process

More information