Animal Nutrition. Motivation. Title: What components contribute to a balanced animal ration? Audience: High school students in the Ag 3 class

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1 Animal Nutrition Title: What components contribute to a balanced animal ration? Audience: High school students in the Ag 3 class Teacher Objectives: Upon the completion of this unit the learner will be able to: 1. List the six nutrient classes 2. Identify and name animal feed ingredients 3. Categorize feedstuffs into the nutrients provided 4. Describe the importance of meeting nutritional requirements Materials Needed: 1. Human meal examples handout. 2. Food Guide Pyramid transparency and overhead projector 3. Samples of feedstuffs: corn, wheat, barley, rye, oats, soybean meal, molasses, soybean oil, hay, mineral mix. 4. Resources: Tisch, David A. Animal Feeds, Feeding and Nutrition, and Ration Evaluation. 5. Internet access Helpful Websites: Motivation: Have students list the food they ate yesterday as meals and snacks. Then have the students think about whether the diet that they had from the day before was healthy. Distribute human meal examples handout and ask the student to review the handout. Ask the students to rank the diets in order of most to least nutritious. How did you rank the meals? (# 3 should be the most nutritious meal, the other rankings may vary) Why is it important for us to eat balanced and healthy diets? How do you know that the different foods in the diet provide a nutritious, balanced diet? Allow for some discussion and then place the Food Guide Pyramid on the screen. Have the students identify which foods contribute to which portions of the food guide pyramid. Just as it is important for us to know how to achieve a balanced diet for ourselves, it is important for us to know how to achieve a balanced diet for our animals. Subject Matter Procedure Motivation

2 Why is it important for humans to have a balanced diet? Why is it important for animals to eat balanced rations? Maintenance In order for an animal to survive and maintain good health, it must have adequate nutrition. After the Maintenance requirements are met, additional nutrients can support : Reproduction Animals must have proper nutrition in order to produce off spring. It is important for animal mothers, just as it is for human mothers, to have higher nutrient levels to meet the need of the baby growing inside. Production In order for animals to produce meat, milk, wool, etc. they must meet proper nutritional requirements above the maintenance requirements. Six classes of Nutrients: Protein Carbohydrates Fat Vitamins Minerals Water Physical description of feedstuffs Ask student the question and allow them to discuss the question Allow student to brainstorm their ideas and write responses on the board. Make sure that key points are mentioned. List the six classes of nutrients on the board. Group the first three (protein, carbohydrates, and fat) as energy providing nutrients. Bring out the samples of feedstuffs have each student look, feel, smell, the feed ingredients and write descriptions of each so they will be able to identify them. Break students into groups of two and

3 Each feed ingredient provides nutritional and non-nutritional characteristics to the ration. Research your feed ingredient(s) and determine what the ingredient(s) provide to a ration. Include: Proximate analysis (crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber) (% as fed) and major feed applications (digestibility, palatability, form Corn (protein) Crude Protein = 8.9 Crude Fat = 3.8 C Fiber = 2.3 Highly digestible and palatable Can be used wet or dry Usually ground, cracked, or rolled give each group one or two of the feedstuffs. Have them use the internet and classroom resources to research what the ingredient(s) provide(s) in the diet both nutritionally and nonnutritionally. Have them classify each ingredient into one of the classes of nutrients. Have students present the information to the rest of the class. Wheat (protein) Crude Protein = 14.0 Crude Fat = 1.7 C Fiber = 2.5 Highly digestible and palatable Good amino acid distribution Barley (protein) Crude Protein = 11.6 Crude Fat = 2.0 C Fiber = 6.0 Less digestible than corn Very palatable Molasses (protein) Crude Protein = 3.0 Crude Fat = 0.0 C Fiber = 0.0 Maximizes rumen activity Palatable Reduces dust and aids in pelleting

4 Beet Pulp (fiber) Crude Protein = 9.0 Crude Fat = 0.5 C Fiber = 16.0 Forage alternative Fats and oils (Soybean oil) (fat) Crude Protein = 0.0 Crude Fat = C Fiber = 0.0 Soybean meal (49%) Crude Protein = 49.0 Crude Fat = 1.0 C Fiber = 3.0 Soybeans may be fed in several forms Mineral and Vitamin Supplements provide no other source of nutrition. Salt help as palatability for animals. Caution must be used when choosing and feeding these supplements. Different species have different requirements and toxicity can occur. Water is the most important nutrient so it is important that a fresh, clean, adequate supply of water is available to the animals at all times. Explain the importance of water in an animal diet. Summary: Knowing the nutrients that each ingredient provides in a ration is important. Explain the importance of this lesson and how it will relate to future lessons.

5 You will use this information next class to help formulate diets. It is also helpful so that you can substitute different ingredients in a diet based upon price and availability. Review: What are the six nutrients? (protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, minerals, water) Why is it important for animals to have a balanced diet? (maintenance, reproduction, production) Have students identify some of the feedstuff samples. Which ingredients provide protein? (Corn, wheat, barley, molasses, protein) Which ingredients provide fiber? (beet pulp) Which ingredients provide fat? (soybean oil) Ask students Ask students questions to check for understanding

6 Meal Examples Sample Meal #1: Four slices of meat-lovers pizza Five chocolate chip cookies 24 oz. soda Sample Meal #2: Pasta with alfredo sauce Garlic bread Ice cream Water Sample Meal #3: Grilled lemon pepper chicken breast Brown rice Vegetable medley Fruit Pizza Milk Sample Meal #4: Big Mac Super Value meal with Large fries and soda Hot Fudge Sundae Sample Meal #5: Celery and peanut butter Grapes Water

7 Food Guide Pyramid

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