I n the past several years, a large number of invest!-
|
|
- Philippa Underwood
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Homocysteine and Folate Concentrations in Blood from Patients Treated ith Hemodialysi& Tsunenobu Tamura,2 Kelley E. Johnston, and Suzanne M. Bergman 1. Tamura, K.E. Johnston, Department of Nutrition Sciences, Universily of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL SM. Bergman, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL (J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1996; 7: ) ABSTRACT Plasma homocysteine and plasma and erythrocyte folate concentrations before and after hemodialysis ere measured in 31 patients ith ESRD. Homocystelne and folate ere measured by HPLC-fluorometric and microbiological methods, respectively. The mean plasma homocysteine level declined from 36.8 to 24.2 mol/l during hemodialysis, Indicating that homocysteine can be partly removed by hemodialysis (P <.1). Mean plasma folate concentration before hemodialysis as 46.4 nmol/l and decreased to 25.9 nmol/l after hemodialysis (P <.1), hereas mean erythrocyte folate concentration did not change (1295 and 1385 nmol/l before and after hemodialysis, respectively). Plasma folate concentrations shoed a significant negative correlation ith homocystelne concentrations before and after hemodialysis (r = -.53, P <.3, and r = -.59, P <.1, respectively). Furthermore, there ere significant negative correlations beteen plasma homocysteine and erythrocyte folate concentrations both before (r = -.6, P <.5) and after hemodlalysis (r = -.49, P <.5). All patients had homocysteine concentrations over 12. mol/l before hemodlalysis, and only three had homocystelne concentrations loer than 12. moi/l after hemodlalysis. Although significant correlations existed beteen homocysteine and folate concentrations, the majority of the patients In this study appeared to have adequate folate nutriture as assessed by blood folate concentratlons. It remains to be determined hether patients ith ESRD have an altered homocystelne metabolism. Key Words: ESRD. foilc acid supplementation, cardiovascular disease 1 Received January 1, Accepted April 16, Correspondence to Dr. T. Tamura, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham. AL / / Journal of the American SocIety of Nephrology CopyrIght C 1996 by the AmerIcan society of Nephrology I n the past several years, a large number of invest!- gators have shon that increased plasma/serum homocysteine concentration (hyperhomocysteinemla) is an independent risk factor for development of atherosclerosis ( 1,2). It is ell knon that there is a high incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients ith ESRD, and many researchers have determined the concentrations of plasma/serum homocysteine in these patients. It Is no ell established that these patients have abnormally high concentrations of homocysteine in circulation (3-2). There are several reports indicating an association beteen hyperhomocysteinemia and folate nutritional status by either determining the concentrations of plasma/serum folate or evaluating the effect of folic acid (pteroylglutamic acid) supplementation on plasma/serum homocysteine levels in patients ith ESRD (5,8.11,14,17, 18,2). There appears to be a consensus that folate nutriture is one of the most important factors regulating the concentrations of homocysteine in circulation. We undertook the study presented here to evaluate the relationship beteen plasma homocysteine and plasma and erythrocyte folate concentrations in patients treated ith hemodialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, e used plasma samples that ere originally obtained from 3 1 patients (23 omen and eight men; age range, 36 to 7 1 yr) ith ESRD ho ere treated ith hemodialysis. They participated in a study to measure plasma folate conjugase activities before and after hemodialysis beteen February and April 1993 (21). The patients ere maintained by hemodialysis using a high-flux polysulfone membrane (3.5 to 4. h three times per k). Of the 31 patients, 2 received a prescription of daily multivitamin tablets containing folic acid (.68 to 2.27 mol/day), and 29 received erythropoletln administration at dosages ranging from 2 to 8 U three times per k. The study as approved by the Institutional Revie Board of the University of Alabama at Birmingham and each patient signed an informed consent form. Blood samples ere obtained from the arterial line immediately before and after the procedure and ere transferred to evacuated tubes containing heparin. Blood samples ere stored at 4#{176}C until centrifugation to avoid falsely high values resulting from homocystelne leaching out from the erythrocytes (22). After separation, plasma samples ere stored at -7#{176}C until analysis (a condition under hich plasma homocysteine is knon to be stable for a long period of time) (23). Plasma homocysteine levels ere determined using an HPLC-fluorometric method after samples ere treated ith 7-flourobenzo-2-oxa- 1,3-diazole-4-sulfonamlde to convert homocysteine to a fluorescent compound (24). Homocystelne thiolactone hydrochloride (Sigma Chemical, St. Louis, MO) as used as a standard for the assay. The concentration of the standard as verified spectrophotometrically using the absorption maximum at 238 nm of A = 4.9 per mol/l at 2414 Volume 7 Number
2 Tamura et al ph 1. (Baggott JE, personal communication). In our laboratory, the coefficient ofvariation for the homocysteine assay is approximately 9%, using repeated determinations of pooled plasma samples. Plasma and erythrocyte folate concentratlons ere determined by a microbiological method using Lactobactilus casel as the assay organism (25); folate values ere previously reported (2 1). Statistical analyses ere performed using the linear regression analysis and paired t test after all values ere logarithmically transformed. P values less than.5 ere considered significant. RESULTS As shon in Table 1, the mean concentration of plasma homocysteine immediately before hemodialysis as 36.8 tmol/l, hich declined to 24.2 pmol/l after hemodialysis (P <. 1). SimIlarly, plasma folate concentrations decreased during hemodialysis from 46.4 to 25.9 nmol/l (P <.1), hereas erythrocyte folate concentrations remained unchanged (1295 and 1385 nmol/l before and after hemodialysis, respectively) (2 1). As shon in Figures 1A and B, plasma folate concentrations shoed a significantly negative correlation ith plasma homocysteine concentrations before (r = -.53, P <.3) and after hemodialysis (r = -.59, P <.1). There as a significantly negative correlation beteen plasma homocysteine and erythrocyte folate concentrations before (r = -.6, P <.5) and after hemodialysis (r = -.49, P <.5) as shon in Figure 2A and B. Of the 3 1 patients, none had homocystelne concentrations belo 12. mol/l before hemodialysis, hich is generally accepted as a cutoff point for normal range (26; and Tamura et at., unpublished), and only three had concentrations belo this value after hemodialysis. Only four patients had erythrocyte folate concentrations belo the loer limit of normal range (<454 nmol/l) (27). The mean plasma homocysteine level in the 2 patients ith folic acid supplementation before hemodialysis as 3.6 mol/l, hich as significanfly loer than that in the 1 1 patients ithout supplementation (47.9 mol/l, P <.3); hoever, this difference as not significant after hemodialysis. Plasma and erythrocyte folate levels ere not significantly -J E z I- U) >- C-) I Cl) I o A..iI,. 1 1 O.. OO 1 1 PLASMA FOLATE (nmol/l) I. Figure 1. RelationshIp beteen plasma homocysteine and plasma folate concentrations before and after hemodlalysis. (A) Plasma homocysteine and folate concentrations before hemodialysis (r = -.53, P <.3). (B) Plasma homocysteine and folate concentrations after hemodialysis (r = -.59, P <.1). Closed circles represent patients ho ere given a prescription of folic acid and open circles represent those ho ere not. different beteen patients ith and ithout folic acid supplementation. Furthermore, there ere no significant differences in plasma and erythrocyte folate and B TABLE 1. Changes in homocysteine and folate concentrations before and after hemodialysis in 31 patients ith ESRD Parameter (normal values in our laboratory) Before (Mean ± SD (Range)) Geometric Mean (1th, 9th percentile) After (Mean ± SD (Range)) Geometric Mean (1th, 9th percentile) P Value Plasma Homocysteine (jmol/l) 36.8 ± ± (<12,.mol/L)a (13.1 to 83.1) (16.3, 69.2) (9.6 to 47.4) (15.3, 4.9) Plasma Folate (nmol/l)b 46.4 ± ± (>1 1.3 mol/l) (3.9 to 362.1) (8.7, 95.5) (3.6 to 1 12.) (4.9, 89.7) Erythrocyfe Folate (nmol/l) 1295 ± ± NSC (>454 mol/l) (16 to 427) (3, 324) (23 to 53) (44, 36) a Unpublished data. b Some of these values ere published previously (21). C Not significantly different before and after hemodialysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2415
3 Homocysteine and Folate in ESPD Patients -J E z I- U) >- C.) I Cl) a o c9 o A : O o 1 1 B ERYTHROCYTE FOLATE (nmol/l) Figure 2. Relationship beteen plasma homocysteine and erythrocyte folate concentrations. (A) Plasma homocysteine and erythrocyte folate concentrations before hemodialysis (1 = -.6, P <.5). (B) Plasma homocysteine and erythrocyte folate concentrations after hemodialysis (r = -.49, P <.5). Closed circles represent patients ho ere given a prescription of folic acid and open circles represent those ho ere not. plasma homocysteine levels beteen patients ho ere administered erythropoletin (N = 29) and those ho ere not (N = 2). DISCUSSION We found that hemodialysis reduced the levels of plasma homocysteine; hoever, this reduction as not sufficient to bring the concentrations to less than 12 mol/l, hich is the upper limit of normal range. The mean posthemodlalysis homocysteine concentration as 24.2 mol/l. There ere significant negative correlations beteen plasma homocysteine and erythrocyte and/or plasma folate concentrations, suggesting that folate nutriture Is one of the important factors for controlling plasma homocysteine concentrations. In the study presented here, both plasma and erythrocyte folate levels In pre- and posthemodialysis samples ere not significantly different beteen patients ho received a prescription of folic acid and those ho did not. Posthemodialysis plasma homocysteine levels ere similar in these to groups of patients, hereas prehemodialysis levels ere higher In the folic acidsupplemented group than In the nonsupplemented group. These findings indicate poor compliance by our patient population in taking supplemental vitamin tablets, and self-medication ith over-the-counter supplements containing folic acid by those ho did not get a prescription. Furthermore, it is not clear hether extra care should be taken ith the patients ith ESRD ho receive erythropoietin, In terms of folic acid supplementation (28,29). We could not address this question In the study presented here. Because only to of the 3 1 patients In this study did not receive erythropoietln, none of the differences reached statistical significance. The decline in plasma homocysteine concentrations during hemodialysis in our patients is consistent ith findings by other investigators (6-8, 1 1 ). Although Bostom et at. ( 1 8) reported that a negative correlation existed beteen homocysteine and folate concentrations in prehemodialysis plasma samples, to our knoledge it has never been shon that the concentrations of plasma homocysteine negatively correlated ith erythrocyte folate concentrations both before and after hemodlalysis. Erythrocyte folate concentrations are considered to be a more reliable indicator of long-term folate nutriture, unlike plasma folate, 1 hich is readily Influenced by dietary folate Intakes. Judged by erythrocyte folate concentrations, four of the 3 1 patients ( 1 3%) In the study presented here had subnormal erythrocyte folate concentrations (27), Indicating that the majority of our patients had adequate folate nutriture. On the basis of these findings, homocysteine concentrations should, In theory, have been normal in our patients. Therefore, there appears to be another unknon factor(s) involved In homocysteine metabolism in these patients. Thus far, the literature has uniformly pointed out that folic acid supplementation reduces homocysteine in circulation (5,8, 1 1, 1 4, 1 7, 1 8,2). By revieing these studies, hoever, e became aare that folic acid supplementation, even a large dose such as 11.3 pmol (5. mg) per day, does not necessarily normalize plasma/serum homocysteine concentrations in all patients ith ESRD. In a recent placebo-controlled study, Bostom et at. (2) administered a large daily dose of folic acid ( 15 mg = 34 j.mol), vitamin B6 (1 mg), and vitamin 12 ( 1 mg), in addition to the regularly prescribed supplementation of these vitamins ithout any adverse effects. They observed a 26% decline in plasma homocysteine after 8 k of administration. Hoever, the mean concentration of homocysteine as reduced only to jimol/l and only five of 15 patients ho ere supplemented ith vitamins had homocysteine levels belo 15.tmo1/L. These investigators suggested that long-term controlled studies In patients ith ESRD be carried out to evaluate the effect of folic acid supplementation at higher than 34 mol per day on plasma homocysteine levels (2) Volume 7. Number
4 Tamura et al It has been ell established that homocysteine 1evels in circulation are controlled by the nutriture of folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6 (26). Based on the results of increased concentrations of these vitamins in circulation reported by Bostom et a!. ( 18), it is unlikely that patients ith ESRD ho are supplemented ith multivitamins ill be deficient in these B vitamins. Other factors may also have an important role in regulating homocysteine metabolism in these patients. Perna et at. ( 15) suggested several possible mechanisms of increased plasma homocystelne, including decreased renal excretion, altered transsulfuration pathay, Impaired transmethylation reactions, and a combination of these. Hoever, it is unlikely that the altered transmethylatlon is the major reason for hyperhomocysteinemia among patients ith ESRD, based on the observation by Guttormsen et at. ( 19), ho found the increase In plasma methionine after homocystelne load and concluded that the methylation of homocysteine is Intact in these patients. They suggested that hyperhomocysteinemia is the result of reduced renal elimination of homocysteine from circulation, and that the kidney is an important site of homocysteine metabolism. Furthermore, using an in vivo rat model, Bostom et at. (3) shoed that homocystelne is metabolized in the kidney, and its urinary excretion is minimal. They extrapolated these findings to patients ith ESRD, and suggested that chronic loss of renal metabolism contributes to a high prevalence ofhyperhomocysteinemia among these patients. Serine is essential for the transsulfuration pathay in homocysteine metabolism ( 1 8). Wilcken et a!. (5) reported that plasma serine concentrations are lo in renal transplant recipients as compared to healthy control subjects. They also reported that plasma serine concentrations further declined after folic acid supplementation in patients ith ESRD, although plasma glycine concentrations increased (8). Hoever, the exact mechanism(s) of these phenomena Is Unknon. A similar observation as reported by Bostom et at. ( 18), ho hypothesized that a limited amount of serine is a cause of hyperhomocysteinemia In patients ith ESRD and gave oral serine supplementation (29 to 38 mmol [3 to 4 gi/day for 7 days) to these patients. Hoever, this supplementation did not affect plasma homocysteine concentrations. Furthermore, these investigators supplemented betaine in combination ith folic acid in patients ith ESRD ( 1 7). This therapy is knon to reduce the increased homocysteine concentrations found in patients ith homocystinuria, a congenital deficiency ofcystathionlne f3-synthase (31). Hoever, this supplementation did not change plasma homocysteine in patients ith ESRD (17). An additional cause of hyperhomocysteinemia may be increased sulfate levels in patients ith ESRD. We shoed that the activities of plasma folate conjugase, the enzyme that hydrolyzes polyglutamyl forms of folate to monoglutamyl folate, is sensitive to sulfate (2 1 ). The activity of folate conjugase is lo in prehemodialysis plasma samples but increases after hemodialysis. We postulated that the increased level of sulfate inhibits folate conjugase. Therefore, It Is possible that in addition to the reduced metabolism of homocystelne In the nonfunctioning kidney, a similar inhibition of sulfate on homocystelne metabolism occurs in extrarenal tissues such as the liver, hich presumably is one of the major sites of metabolism. Further investigation of the mechanisms of hyperhomocysteinemia In patients ith ESRD Is arranted. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank Ms. Jane Forehand and Ms. Judy Waitha for their help in obtaining the blood samples used for this investigation. REFERENCES 1. Clarke R, Daly L, Robinson K, et at. : Hyperhomocysteinemla: An Independent risk factor for vascular disease. N Engl J Med 1991;324:l Seihub J, Jacques PF, Bostom AG, et at.: Association beteen plasma homocysteine concentrations and extracranial carotid-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: Robins AJ, Mileczyk BK, Booth EM, Mallick NP: Plasma amino acid abnormalities in chronic renal fallure. Chin Chim Acta 1972;42: Wilcken DEL, Gupta VJ: Sulphur containing amino acids in chronic renal failure ith particular reference to homocystine and cystelne-homocysteine mixed disulphide. Eur J Clin Invest 1979:9: Wilcken DEL, Gupta VJ, Betts AK: Homocysteine In the plasma ofrenal transplant receipients: Effect of cofactors for methionine metabolism. Chin Sci 1981:61: Kang S-S, Wong PWK, Bidani A, Milanez 5: Plasma protein-bound homocyst(e)ine In patients requiring chronic haemodlalysis. Clin Sd 1983;65: Laidla SA, Smolin LA, Davidson WD, Kopple JD: Sulfur amino acids in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Kidney mt 1987;32lSuppl 22J:S191-S Wilcken DEL, Dudman NPB, Tyrrell PA, Robertson MR: Folic acid loers elevated plasma homocysteine in chronic renal insufficiency: Possible implications for prevention of vascular disease. Metab Clin Exp Ther 1988: 37: Sona C, Chadefaux B, Coude M, Gaillard, Kamoun P: Concentrations of total homocystelne In plasma in chronic renal failure. Clin Chem 199:36: Chauveau P, Chadefaux B, Cloude M, et at.: Increased plasma homocystelne concentration in patients ith chronic renal failure. Miner Electrolyte Metab 1992; 18: Chauveau P, Chadefaux B, Cloude M, et at.: Hyperhomocysteinemia, a risk factor for atherosclerosis in chronic uremic patients. Kidney mt 1993;43ISuppl 411: Arnadottir M, Brattstr#{246}m L, Simonsen, et at.: The effect of high-dose pyridoxine and folic acid supplementation on serum lipid and plasma homocysteine concentrations In dialysis patients. Chin Nephrol 1993;4: Massy ZA, Chadefaux-Vekemans B, Chevalier A, et at.: Hyperhomocysteinaemia: A significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease in renal transplant recipients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1994:9: Janssen MJFM, van den Berg M, van Guldener C, Boers GHJ, Stehouer CDA: Withdraal of folic acid supplementation in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Chin Nephrol 1994:42: Perna AF, Ingrosso D, Dc Santo NG, Galletti P, Zappla V: Mechanism of erythrocyte accumulation of methylation Inhibitor S-adenocylhomocysteine In uremia. Kidney mt 1995;47: Hultberg B, Andersson A, Arnadottir M: Reduced, free Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2417
5 Homocysteine and Folate in ESRD Patients and total fractions of homocystelne and other thiol cornpounds In plasma from patients ith renal failure. Nephron 1995;7: Bostom AG, Shemin D, Nadeau MR, et at.: Short term betaine therapy fails to loer elevated fasting total plasma hornocystelne concentrations in hemodialysis patients maintained on chronic folic acid supplementation. Atherosclerosis 1995; 1 13: Bostom AG, Shemin D, Lapane KL, et al.: Hyperhornocystelnemia and traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors In end-stage renal disease patients on dialysis: A case-control study. Atherosclerosis 1995; 1 14: Guttormsen AR, Svarstad E, Ueland PM, Refsum H: Elimination of homocysteine from plasma In subjects ith endstage renal failure. Irish J Med Sci 1995; l64lsuppl 11: Bostom AG, Shemin D. Lapane KL, et at.: High dose B-vitamin treatment of hyperhornocystelnernia in dialysis patients. Kidney mt 1996:49: Livant EJ, Tamura T, Johnston KE, et at.: Plasma folate conjugase activities and folate concentrations in patients receiving hemodialysis. J Nutr Biochern 1994;5: Stabler SP, Marcell PD, Podehl ER, Alien RH: Quantitation of total homocysteine, total cystelne, and methionine in normal serum and urine using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Blochern 1987:162: Ueland PM, Refsum H, Stabler SP, Malino MR. Andersson A, Allen RH: Total hornocystelne in plasma or serum: Methods and clinical applications. Chin Chern 1993;39: Cornell BAR, Morgan SL, Vaughn WH: Modification of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for assay of homocystelne In human plasma. J Chromat 1993;617: Tamura T. Microbiological assay of folates. In: Picciano MF, Stokstad ELR, Gregory JF III, eds. Fohic Acid Metabohlsrn in Health and Disease. Contemporary Issues in Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 13. Ne York: Wiley-Liss; 199: Seihub J, Jacques PF, Wilson PWF, Rush D, Rosenberg 111: VitamIn status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinernia in an elderly population. JAMA 1993:27: Tamura T, Soong S-J, Sauberlich HE, Hatch KD, Cole P, Butterorth CE Jr: Evaluation of deoxyuridine suppresslon test by using hole blood samples from folic acidsupplemented subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 199:51: Ono K, Hisasue Y: Is folate supplementation necessary in hernodialysis patients on erythropoietin therapy? Clin Nephrol 1992;38: Westhuyzen J, Matherson K, Tracey R, Fleming SJ: Effect of ithdraal of folic acid supplementation in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Chin Nephrol 1993: 4: Bostom A, Brosnan JT, Hall B, Nadeau MR, Seihub J: Net uptake of plasma homocysteine by the rat kidney in vivo. Atherosclerosis 1995; 116: Wilcken DEL, Wilcken B, Dudman NPB, Tyrrell PA: Hornocystinuria-The effects of betaine In the treatment of patients not responsive to pyridoxine. N Engl J Med 1983:39: Volume 7 - Number
Serum total homocysteine concentration before and after renal transplantation
Kidney International, Vol. 54 (1998), pp. 1380 1384 Serum total homocysteine concentration before and after renal transplantation MARGRET ARNADOTTIR, BJÖRN HULTBERG, JAN WAHLBERG, BENGT FELLSTRÖM, and
More informationEffective correction of hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients by intravenous folinic acid and pyridoxine therapy
Kidney International, Vol. 56 (1999), pp. 2292 2296 Effective correction of hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients by intravenous folinic acid and pyridoxine therapy MALIK TOUAM, JOHANNA ZINGRAFF,
More informationCauses of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Patients With Chronic Kidney Diseases
Causes of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Patients With Chronic Kidney Diseases Giacomo Garibotto, Antonella Sofia, Alessandro Valli, Alice Tarroni, Massimiliano Di Martino, Valeria Cappelli, Francesca Aloisi,
More informationEffects of High-Dose Folic Acid and Pyridoxine on Plasma and Erythrocyte Sulfur Amino Acids in Hemodialysis Patients
J Am Soc Nephrol 10: 1287 1296, 1999 Effects of High-Dose Folic Acid and Pyridoxine on Plasma and Erythrocyte Sulfur Amino Acids in Hemodialysis Patients MOHAMED E. SULIMAN,* JOSÉ C. DIVINO FILHO, PETER
More informationEffect of folic acid on methionine and homocysteine metabolism
Kidney International, Vol. (), pp. CLINICAL NEPHROLOGY EPIDEMIOLOGY CLINICAL TRIALS Effect of folic acid on methionine and homocysteine metabolism in end-stage renal disease FRANK STAM, COEN VAN GULDENER,
More informationComparison of Five Automated Serum and Whole Blood Folate Assays
Clinical Chemistry / FIVE AUTOMATED FOLATE ASSAYS Comparison of Five Automated Serum and Whole Blood Folate Assays William E. Owen, MT(ASCP), 1 and William L. Roberts, MD, PhD 2 Key Words: Hemolysate;
More informationHomocysteine Determination in Plasma
omocysteine Determination in Plasma Bruce Peary Solomon, Ph.D. Chester T. Duda, Ph.D. Bioanalytical Systems, Inc. West Lafayette, IN E-mail: bp@bioanalytical.com Recent publications suggest that high homocysteine
More informationPrevalence Of Hyperhomocysteinemia In Patients With Predialysis Chronic Kidney Disease After Folic Acid Food Fortification Of The Canadian Food Supply
Prevalence Of Hyperhomocysteinemia In Patients With Predialysis Chronic Kidney Disease After Folic Acid Food Fortification Of The Canadian Food Supply Pauline B. Darling PhD RD Research Team Research Team
More informationHyperhomocysteinaemia, folate and vitamin B12 in unsupplemented haemodialysis patients: effect of oral therapy with folic acid and vitamin B12
Nephrol Dial Transplant (2002) 17: 455 461 Original Article Hyperhomocysteinaemia, folate and vitamin B12 in unsupplemented haemodialysis patients: effect of oral therapy with folic acid and vitamin B12
More informationEpidemiological evidence indicates that a raised plasma
Does Folic Acid Decrease Plasma Homocysteine and Improve Endothelial Function in Patients With Predialysis Renal Failure? J. Thambyrajah, MRCP; M.J. Landray, MRCP; F.J. McGlynn, RGN; H.J. Jones, RGN, BSc;
More informationTrienzyme Treatment for Food Folate Analysis: Optimal ph and Incubation Time for Ix-Amylase and Protease Treatments
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol, 1998, 44, 361-370 Trienzyme Treatment for Food Folate Analysis: Optimal ph and Incubation Time for Ix-Amylase and Protease Treatments Kenji Also and Tsunenobu TAMURA* Department of
More informationProtein-bound Homocyst(e)ine A Possible Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease
Protein-bound Homocyst(e)ine A Possible Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease Soo-Sang Kang, Paul W. K. Wong, Heron Y. Cook, Marija Norusis, and Joseph V. Messer Departments ofpediatrics, Preventive
More informationMetabolic Consequences of Folate-Induced Reduction of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Uremia
Metabolic Consequences of Folate-Induced Reduction of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Uremia ALSSANDRA F. PRNA,*f DIGO INGROSSO,* NATAL G. D SANTO,t PATRIZIA GALLTTI,* MASSIMILIANO BRUNON,* and VINCNZO ZAPPIA*I
More informationHyperhomocysteinemia in end-stage renal disease: Prevalence, etiology, and potential relationship to arteriosclerotic outcomes
Kidney International, Vol. 52 (1997), pp. 10 20 PERSPECTIVES IN BASIC SCIENCE Hyperhomocysteinemia in end-stage renal disease: Prevalence, etiology, and potential relationship to arteriosclerotic outcomes
More informationEffect of High Dose Folic Acid Therapy on Hyperhomocysteinemia in Hemodialysis Patients: Results of the Vienna Multicenter Study
Effect of High Dose Folic Acid Therapy on Hyperhomocysteinemia in Hemodialysis Patients: Results of the Vienna Multicenter Study J Am Soc Nephrol 11: 1106 1116, 2000 GERE SUNDER-PLASSMANN,* MANUELA FÖDINGER,
More informationPlasma homocysteine concentrations in a Belgian school-age population 1 3
Plasma homocysteine concentrations in a Belgian school-age population 1 3 Corinne De Laet, Jean-Claude Wautrecht, Daniel Brasseur, Michèle Dramaix, Jean-Marie Boeynaems, Jean Decuyper, and André Kahn ABSTRACT
More informationMulticenter Analytical Evaluation of an Automated Immunoassay for Total Plasma Homocysteine
Annals o f Clinical & Laboratory Science, vol. 30, no. 2, 2000 185 Multicenter Analytical Evaluation of an Automated Immunoassay for Total Plasma Homocysteine Alan H.B. W u,1 Verena H oltm an,1 Fred S.
More informationImportance of Elevated Plasma Homocysteine Levels as a Risk Factor for Atherosclerosis
Importance of Elevated Plasma Homocysteine Levels as a Risk Factor for Atherosclerosis Philippe A. Masser, MD, Lloyd M. Taylor, Jr, MD, and John M. Porter, MD Division of Vascular Surgery, Oregon Health
More informationHyperhomocysteinemia in Chronic Renal Disease
DISEASE OF THE MONTH J Am Soc Nephrol 10: 891 900, 1999 Hyperhomocysteinemia in Chronic Renal Disease ANDREW G. BOSTOM* and BRUCE F. CULLETON *Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, Rhode Island;
More informationHomocysteine (plasma, urine, dried blood spots)
Homocysteine (plasma, urine, dried blood spots) 1 Name and description of analyte 1.1 Name of analyte Homocysteine 1.2 Alternative names None 1.3 NLMC code To follow 1.4. Function(s) of analyte Homocysteine
More informationPredictors of Change in Plasma Total Cysteine: Longitudinal Findings from the Hordaland Homocysteine Study
Clinical Chemistry 49:1 113 120 (2003) Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors Predictors of Change in Plasma Total Cysteine: Longitudinal Findings from the Hordaland Homocysteine Study Lina
More informationpain" counted as "two," and so forth. The sum of point, the hour point, and so forth. These data are
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE "PHARMACOLOGY" OF PLACEBO ADMINISTRATION 1 BY LOUIS LASAGNA, VICTOR G. LATIES, AND J. LAWRENCE DOHAN (From the Department of Medicine (Division of Clinical Pharmacology), and the
More informationRandomized Trial of Methylcobalamin and Folate Effects on Homocysteine in Hemodialysis Patients
Original Paper Nephron 2002;91:58 63 Accepted: July 10, 2001 Randomized Trial of Methylcobalamin and Folate Effects on Homocysteine in Hemodialysis Patients Hernán Trimarchi a Amalia Schiel b Emilio Freixas
More informationScope of the talk. Riboflavin, other dairy B vitamins and cardiovascular health. Epidemiology of milk consumption and CVD
Riboflavin, other dairy B vitamins and cardiovascular health Professor Hilary J Powers University of Sheffield United Kingdom Scope of the talk Importance of dairy products to B vitamin intakes Epidemiological
More informationPrevalence of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Patients with Predialysis Chronic Kidney Disease after Folic Acid Food Fortification of the Canadian Food Supply
Prevalence of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Patients with Predialysis Chronic Kidney Disease after Folic Acid Food Fortification of the Canadian Food Supply by Linda Jane Paterson A thesis submitted in conformity
More informationClinical Policy: Homocysteine Testing Reference Number: CP.MP.121
Clinical Policy: Reference Number: CP.MP.121 Effective Date: 08/16 Last Review Date: 08/17 Coding Implications Revision Log See Important Reminder at the end of this policy for important regulatory and
More informationScreening for vitamin B-12 and folate deficiency in older persons 1 3
Screening for vitamin B-12 and folate deficiency in older persons 1 3 Robert Clarke, Helga Refsum, Jacqueline Birks, John Grimley Evans, Carole Johnston, Paul Sherliker, Per M Ueland, Joern Schneede, Joseph
More informationImpact of Serum Homocysteine on Platelet Count in Stable Hemodialysis Patients
Impact of Serum Homocysteine on Platelet Count in Stable Hemodialysis Patients Hamid Nasri, MD Hemodialysis Section, Hajar Medical, Educational and Therapeutic Center, Shahrekord University of Medical
More informationHYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA: RELATION TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (PDF) HOMOCYSTEINE AND RELATED B-VITAMIN STATUS IN COELIAC
PDF HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA: RELATION TO CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (PDF) HOMOCYSTEINE AND RELATED B-VITAMIN STATUS IN COELIAC 1 / 5 2 / 5 3 / 5 homocysteine related vitamins pdf Hyperhomocysteinemia: Relation
More informationHyperhomocysteinaemia A Risk Factor Worth Considering
REVIEW ARTICLE JIACM 2003; 4(2): 147-51 Hyperhomocysteinaemia A Risk Factor Worth Considering Pramood C Kalikiri* At least nine well-known risk factors are known to play a role in the development of coronary
More informationMetabolic Turnover, Inflammation, and Redistribution: Impact on Nutrient Requirements: Vitamin B6 Example
Metabolic Turnover, Inflammation, and Redistribution: Impact on Nutrient Requirements: Vitamin B6 Example Jesse F. Gregory, PhD Food Science & Human Nutrition Dept. University of Florida Gainesville, FL
More informationAssociation of B vitamins status and homocysteine levels in elderly Taiwanese
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2005; 14 (3):250-255 250 Original Article Association of B vitamins status and homocysteine levels in elderly Taiwanese Kuan-Ju Chen MS, 1,2 Wen-Harn Pan PhD, 1 Feili-Lo Yang PhD,
More informationMetabolism of. Sulfur Containing Amino Acids
Metabolism of Sulfur Containing Amino Acids Methionine S CH 3 CH 2 cysteine CH 2 SH CH 2 CHNH 2 COOH CHNH 2 COOH Essential amino acid Non-polar amio acid Glucogenic amino acid Methionine IMPORTANCE: As
More informationThe Effect of a Subnormal Vitamin B-6 Status on Homocysteine Metabolism
The Effect of a Subnormal Vitamin B-6 Status on Homocysteine Metabolism Johan B. Ubbink,* Annatjie van der Merwe,* Rhena Delport,* Robert H. Allen, Sally P. Stabler, Reiner Riezler, and Vermaak* *Department
More informationInsulin Resistance Is Not Related to Plasma Homocysteine Concentration in Healthy Premenopausal Women
Physiol. Res. 55: 285-29, 26 Insulin Resistance Is Not Related to Plasma Homocysteine Concentration in Healthy Premenopausal Women F. TANRIKULU-KILIÇ, S. BEKPINAR, Y. ÜNLÜÇERÇI, Y. ORHAN 1 Department of
More informationHomocysteine is an amino acid produced as an intermediate
CLINICAL REVIEW Homocysteine and Vascular Disease Christopher A. Friedrich, MD, PhD, and Daniel J. Rader, MD Homocysteine is an amino acid produced as an intermediate product in the metabolism of methionine,
More informationVitamin B 12, homocysteine and carotid plaque in the era of folic acid fortification of enriched cereal grain products
Research Recherche Vitamin B 12, homocysteine and carotid plaque in the era of folic acid fortification of enriched cereal grain products Julie Robertson, Francesco Iemolo, Sally P. Stabler, Robert H.
More informationAsubstantial body of evidence from observational epidemiological
Effect of Dietary Patterns on Serum Homocysteine Results of a Randomized, Controlled Feeding Study Lawrence J. Appel, MD, MPH; Edgar R. Miller III, MD, PhD; Sun Ha Jee, PhD; Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon,
More informationLowering blood homocysteine with folic acid based supplements: meta-analysis of randomised trials
minute. Airway hypoxia was discontinued as soon as possible in each infant who showed this degree of desaturation; it should be remembered that this required the tent to be opened and the gas mixture to
More informationUnpredictable intra-individual variations in serum homocysteine levels on folic acid supplementation
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (1997) 51, 188±192 ß 1997 Stockton Press. All rights reserved 0954±3007/97 $12.00 in serum homocysteine levels on folic acid supplementation CR Santhosh-Kumar 1,
More informationLLL Session - Nutritional support in renal disease
ESPEN Congress Leipzig 2013 LLL Session - Nutritional support in renal disease Peritoneal dialysis D. Teta (CH) Nutrition Support in Patients undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) Congress ESPEN, Leipzig
More informationPrevalence of malnutrition in dialysis
ESPEN Congress Cannes 2003 Organised by the Israel Society for Clinical Nutrition Education and Clinical Practice Programme Session: Nutrition and the Kidney Malnutrition and Haemodialysis Doctor Noël
More informationSally P. Stabler * and Robert H. Allen. Metabolism. Clinical Chemistry 50: (2004) Endocrinology and
Clinical Chemistry 50:2 365 372 (2004) Endocrinology and Metabolism Quantification of Serum and Urinary S-Adenosylmethionine and S-Adenosylhomocysteine by Stable-Isotope- Dilution Liquid Chromatography
More informationVitamin B-i 2, vitamin B-6, and folate nutritional status in men with hyperhomocysteinemia13
Vitamin B-i 2, vitamin B-6, and folate nutritional status in men with hyperhomocysteinemia13 Johan B Ubbink, WJ Hayward Vermaak, Annatjie van der Merwe, and Piet J Becker ABSTRACT We measured the vitamin
More informationLaboratory Bulletin...
Laboratory Bulletin... Updates and Information from Rex Healthcare and Rex Outreach September 1997 Issue Number 24 Homocysteine and vascular risk Introduction: This past June, the New England Journal of
More informationHyperhomocysteinaemia and premature coronary artery disease in the Chinese
Heart 1996;76:117-122 Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Y I Lolin S K Cheng C F Chan C P Pang J R L Masarei Department of Medicine,
More informationPerturbation of serum carnitine levels in human adults by chronic renal disease and dialysis therapy14
Perturbation of serum carnitine levels in human adults by chronic renal disease and dialysis therapy14 Lavon L. Bartel, Ph.D., John L. Hussey, M.D., and Earl Shrago, M.D. ABSTRACT Serum camnitine levels
More informationHomocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino
IN THE LITERATURE Approaching the End of the Homocysteine Hype? The following is a commentary on Jamison RL, Hartigan P, Kaufman JS, et al: Effect of homocysteine lowering on mortality and vascular disease
More informationKinetic basis of hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with chronic renal failure
Kidney International, Vol. 52 (1997), pp. 495 52 Kinetic basis of hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with chronic renal failure ANNE B. GUTTORMSEN, PER M. UELAND, EINAR SVARSTAD, and HELGA REFSUM Department
More informationMethylation demand: a key determinant of homocysteine metabolism
Vol. 51 No. 2/2004 405 413 QUARTERLY Review Methylation demand: a key determinant of homocysteine metabolism John T. Brosnan 1, Rene L. Jacobs 2, Lori M. Stead 1 and Margaret E. Brosnan 1 1 Department
More information!!"#$%&'#()*+,-).(&"/+0&'12'
LAB #: Sample Report PATIENT: Sample Patient ID: SEX: Female DOB: 01/01/1985 AGE: 33 CLIENT #: 12345 DOCTOR: Sample Doctor Doctors Data Inc 3755 Illinois Ave St. Charles, IL 60174 U.S.A.!!"#$%&'#()*+,-).(&"/+0&'12'
More informationIDENTIFICATION OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN FROM GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID IN SYSTEMIC DISEASE
IDENTIFICATION OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN FROM GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID IN SYSTEMIC DISEASE Amelia S * Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore
More informationRandomized Trial of Folic Acid for Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in End-Stage Renal Disease
Randomized Trial of Folic Acid for Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in End-Stage Renal Disease J Am Soc Nephrol 15: 420 426, 2004 ELIZABETH M. WRONE,* JOHN M. HORNBERGER, JAMES L. ZEHNDER, LINDA M.
More informationEvaluation and management of nutrition in children
Evaluation and management of nutrition in children Date written: May 2004 Final submission: January 2005 Author: Elisabeth Hodson GUIDELINES No recommendations possible based on Level I or II evidence
More informationObjectives. Pre-dialysis CKD: The Problem. Pre-dialysis CKD: The Problem. Objectives
The Role of the Primary Physician and the Nephrologist in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease () By Brian Young, M.D. Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
More informationIs folate a promising agent in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in patients with renal failure?
Kidney International, Vol. 61 (2002), pp. 1199 1209 PERSPECTIVES IN RENAL MEDICINE Is folate a promising agent in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in patients with renal failure?
More informationHomocystinuria: what about mild
Postgrad Med J 1996; 72: 513-518 ( The Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine, 1996 Classic diseases revisited Summary Hyperhomocysteinaemia is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic vascular
More informationCreatine supplementation does not decrease total plasma homocysteine in chronic hemodialysis patients
Kidney International, Vol. 66 (04), pp. 2422 2428 supplementation does not decrease total plasma homocysteine in chronic hemodialysis patients YOURI E.C. TAES, JORIS R. DELANGHE, DIRK DE BACQUER, MICHEL
More informationpowder and liquid and several laboratory prepared mixes were used in this investigation. The materials used to prepare various
Thermal Analysis During Setting of Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cements H. M. EL-TAHAWI and R. G. CRAIG School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 4814, USA Characteristic thermal transitions
More informationSalt Sensitivity: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Clinical Relevance
Salt Sensitivity: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Clinical Relevance Matthew R. Weir, MD Professor and Director Division of Nephrology University of Maryland School of Medicine Overview Introduction Mechanisms
More informationStudy of association of serum bicarbonate levels with mortality in chronic kidney disease
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences Kumar S et al. Int J Res Med Sci. 2016 Nov;4(11):4852-4856 www.msjonline.org pissn 2320-6071 eissn 2320-6012 Original Research Article DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20163779
More informationFolic acid deficiency modifies the haematopoietic response to recombinant human erythropoietin in maintenance dialysis patients
Nephrol Dial Transplant (2006) 21: 133 137 doi:10.1093/ndt/gfi086 Advance Access publication 6 September 2005 Original Article Folic acid deficiency modifies the haematopoietic response to recombinant
More informationAbundant evidence has accumulated supporting the association
Folate, Vitamin B 6, and B 12 Intakes in Relation to Risk of Stroke Among Men Ka He, MD; Anwar Merchant, DMD; Eric B. Rimm, ScD; Bernard A. Rosner, PhD; Meir J. Stampfer, MD; Walter C. Willett, MD; Alberto
More informationCOGNITIVE ALTERATIONS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE K K L E E
COGNITIVE ALTERATIONS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE K K L E E Attention Problem Solving Language Cognitive Domains Decision Making Memory Reasoning The Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study shows higher S
More informationSerum Total Homocysteine and Coronary Heart Disease
International Journal of Epidemiology O International Eptctemlotoglcal Association 1995 Vol. 24, No. 4 Printed In Great Britain Serum Total Homocysteine and Coronary Heart Disease EGIL ARNESEN,* HELGA
More informationOutflow obstruction and bladder stones in Kelantan
Med. J. Malaysia Vol. 44 No. 1 March 1989 Outflo obstruction and bladder stones in Kelantan Graham McAll, FRCSEd, Lecturer. Lim Kean Ghee, MBChB, Medical Officer. Rex Edard, FRCSEd, FRCSE, Lecturer. Department
More informationDifferent Doses of Oral Folic Acid for Homocysteine- Lowering Therapy in Patients on Hemodialysis A Randomized Controlled Trial
Dialysis Different Doses of Oral Folic Acid for Homocysteine- Lowering Therapy in Patients on Hemodialysis A Randomized Controlled Trial Shahrzad Ossareh, 1 Hossein Shayan-Moghaddam, 1 Ashraf Salimi, 1
More informationMaternal folate status during extended lactation and the effect of supplemental folic acid 1 4
Maternal folate status during extended lactation and the effect of supplemental folic acid 1 4 Amy D Mackey and Mary Frances Picciano ABSTRACT Background: Folate requirements during lactation are not well
More informationHematopoiesis, The hematopoietic machinery requires a constant supply iron, vitamin B 12, and folic acid.
Hematopoiesis, 200 billion new blood cells per day The hematopoietic machinery requires a constant supply iron, vitamin B 12, and folic acid. hematopoietic growth factors, proteins that regulate the proliferation
More informationIntradialytic Parenteral Nutrition in Hemodialysis Patients. Hamdy Amin, Pharm.D., MBA, BCNSP Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition in Hemodialysis Patients Hamdy Amin, Pharm.D., MBA, BCNSP Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Disclosure Information Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition in Hemodialysis Patients Hamdy
More informationOrganic Acids Part 11 Dr. Jeff Moss
Using organic acids to resolve chief complaints and improve quality of life in chronically ill patients Part XI Jeffrey Moss, DDS, CNS, DACBN jeffmoss@mossnutrition.com 413-530-08580858 (cell) 1 USA Today,
More information02/27/2018. Objectives. To Replace or Not to Replace: Nutritional Vitamin D in Dialysis.
To Replace or Not to Replace: Nutritional Vitamin D in Dialysis. Michael Shoemaker-Moyle, M.D. Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Objectives Review Vitamin D Physiology Review Current Replacement
More informationRelationship of Total Homocysteine, Cholesterol, Triglyceride in the Serum and Diastolic Blood Pressure of Patients with Myocardial Infarction
Relationship of Total Homocysteine, Cholesterol, Triglyceride in the Serum and Diastolic Blood Pressure of Patients with Myocardial Infarction Durdi Qujeq *1, Laia Hossini 1 and M. Taghi Salehi Omran 2
More informationNon-Compliance to Diet and Fluid Restrictions in Haemodialysis Patients
Non-Compliance to Diet and Fluid Restrictions in Haemodialysis Patients Abstract Pages with reference to book, From 293 To 295 Nilofer Safdar, Humera Baakza, Haren Kumar, S. A. J. Naqvi ( The Kidney Centre,
More informationEvaluation of Plasma Concentrations of Homocysteine, IL-6, TNF-alpha, hs- CRP, and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients with End-Stage Renal Failure
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evaluation of Plasma Concentrations of Homocysteine, IL-6, TNF-alpha, hs- CRP, and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Patients with End-Stage Renal Failure Mahin Babaei 1, Nasrin Dashti 2,
More informationSerum Homocysteine Levels in Various Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease
Original Research Article Serum Homocysteine Levels in Various Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease Kalpana S. Mehta 1*, Sandip P. Bhurke 2, Suyash V. Sharma 3 1*Professor & Head, 2 Associate Professor, 3
More informationDietary Protein as a Factor Affecting Vitamin B6 Requirement. Mitsuko OKADA, *Mayumi SHIBUYA, 1 Tomoko AKAZAWA, Hitomi MUYA and Yoko MURAKAMI
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol, 1998, 44, 37-45 Dietary Protein as a Factor Affecting Vitamin B6 Requirement Mitsuko OKADA, *Mayumi SHIBUYA, 1 Tomoko AKAZAWA, Hitomi MUYA and Yoko MURAKAMI Faculty of Health and
More informationREVIEW ARTICLE. Blood Levels of Homocysteine and Increased Risks of Cardiovascular Disease
Blood Levels of Homocysteine and Increased Risks of Cardiovascular Disease Causal or Casual? REVIEW ARTICLE William G. Christen, ScD; Umed A. Ajani, MBBS; Robert J. Glynn, ScD; Charles H. Hennekens, MD
More informationLOG- LINEAR ANALYSIS OF FERTILITY USING CENSUS AND SURVEY DATA WITH AN EXAMPLE
LOG- LIEAR AALYSIS OF FERTILITY USIG CESUS AD SURVEY DATA WITH A EXAMPLE I. Elaine Allen and Roger C. Avery, Cornell University The use of log -linear models is relatively ne to the field of demography,
More informationNormal kidneys filter large amounts of organic
ORIGINAL ARTICLE - NEPHROLOGY Effect Of Lanthanum Carbonate vs Calcium Acetate As A Phosphate Binder In Stage 3-4 CKD- Treat To Goal Study K.S. Sajeev Kumar (1), M K Mohandas (1), Ramdas Pisharody (1),
More informationESPEN Congress Vienna Nutritional implications of renal replacement therapy in ICU Nutritional support - how much nitrogen? W.
ESPEN Congress Vienna 2009 Nutritional implications of renal replacement therapy in ICU Nutritional support - how much nitrogen? W. Druml (Austria) Nutritional Implications of Renal Replacement Therapy
More informationTRANSPARENCY COMMITTEE OPINION. 22 July 2009
The legally binding text is the original French version TRANSPARENCY COMMITTEE OPINION 22 July 2009 PHOSPHOSORB 660 mg, film-coated tablet Container of 200 (CIP: 381 466-0) Applicant: FRESENIUS MEDICAL
More informationOrganic Acids Part 10 Dr. Jeff Moss
Using organic acids to resolve chief complaints and improve quality of life in chronically ill patients Part X Jeffrey Moss, DDS, CNS, DACBN jeffmoss@mossnutrition.com 413-530-08580858 (cell) 1 2 Sulfur
More information9 Metabolic trigger: control of methionine metabolism
9 Metabolic trigger: control of methionine metabolism M.V. Martinov 1,V.M.Vitvitsky 1,E.V.Mosharov 2,R.Banerjee 2,F.I.Ataullakhanov 1 1 National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia 125167 2
More informationThe CARI Guidelines Caring for Australasians with Renal Impairment. Protein Restriction to prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy GUIDELINES
Protein Restriction to prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy Date written: September 2004 Final submission: September 2005 Author: Kathy Nicholls GUIDELINES a. A small volume of evidence suggests
More informationCardiovascular Pharmacotherapy in Special Population: Cardio-Nephrology
49 th Annual Scientific Meeting The Heart Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of H.M. the King Cardiology on the move 24-25 March 2017 @Sheraton, HuaHin Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy in
More informationChristine M Pfeiffer, Samuel P Caudill, Elaine W Gunter, John Osterloh, and Eric J Sampson
See corresponding editorial on page 279. Biochemical indicators of B vitamin status in the US population after folic acid fortification: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
More informationRole of homocysteine, cystathionine and methylmalonic acid measurement for diagnosis of vitamin deficiency in high-aged subjects
European Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000) 30, 1083±1089 Role of homocysteine, cystathionine and methylmalonic acid measurement for diagnosis of vitamin deficiency in high-aged subjects W. Herrmann
More informationSupplementary Online Content
Supplementary Online Content Ebbing M, Bønaa KH, Nygård O, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality after treatment with folic acid and vitamin B 1. JAMA. 9;3(19):119-1. etable 1. Circulating Levels of B
More informationOxidative stress, serum homocysteine and serum nitric oxide in different stages of chronic renal failure
Biomedical Research 2009; 20 (1): 71-74 Oxidative stress, serum homocysteine and serum nitric oxide in different stages of chronic renal failure Nitin S. Nagane 1, Jayshree V. Ganu 2, Rajeev Gandhi 3 1
More informationWhy is homocysteine elevated in renal failure and what can be expected from homocysteine-lowering?
Nephrol Dial Transplant (2006) 21: Editorial Comments 1161 as well as clinical information), e.g. IgA glomerulonephritis. It is hoped that adherence to such a systematic procedure will improve the results
More informationHyperhomocysteinaemia in Black patients with cerebral thrombosis
Q J Med 1997; 90:635-639 Hyperhomocysteinaemia in Black patients with cerebral thrombosis R. DELPORT 1, J.B. UBBINK\ W.J.H. VERMAAK 1, H. ROSSOUW 1, P.J. BECKER 2 andj. JOUBERT 3 * From the ^Department
More informationHOMOCYSTEINE. A Strong Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS
HOMOCYSTEINE A Strong Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS About Diazyme Diazyme Laboratories, Inc., an affiliate of General Atomics, is located in Poway, California.
More informationThe effect of nickel on homocysteine metabolism in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis and in vitro in peripheral mononuclear cells
SHORT THESIS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PHD) The effect of nickel on homocysteine metabolism in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis and in vitro in peripheral mononuclear
More informationTDM. Measurement techniques used to determine cyclosporine level include:
TDM Lecture 15: Cyclosporine. Cyclosporine is a cyclic polypeptide medication with immunosuppressant effect. It has the ability to block the production of interleukin-2 and other cytokines by T-lymphocytes.
More informationLower serum levels of folate and vitamin B12 in Japanese childbearing aged women in comparison with that of the United States levels
Original Article Lower serum levels of folate and vitamin B12 in Japanese childbearing aged women in comparison with that of the United States levels Sachiko Kiuchi 1*, Kanako Watanabe 2, Hiroshi Ihara
More informationExer Ex cise Pa P tien tien with End End stag sta e g renal Disease
Exercise in Patients with End stage Exercise in Patients with End stage renal Disease Chronic renal failure : gradual and progressive loss of the ability of the kidneys to function Structural kidney damage
More informationThe New England Journal of Medicine
The New England Journal of Medicine Copyright, 1999, by the Massachusetts Medical Society VOLUME 340 M AY 13, 1999 NUMBER 19 THE EFFECT OF FOLIC ACID FORTIFICATION ON PLASMA FOLATE AND TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE
More informationRenal Disease and PK/PD. Anjay Rastogi MD PhD Division of Nephrology
Renal Disease and PK/PD Anjay Rastogi MD PhD Division of Nephrology Drugs and Kidneys Kidney is one of the major organ of drug elimination from the human body Renal disease and dialysis alters the pharmacokinetics
More informationAUTHOR INDEX SUBJECT INDEX
AUTHOR INDEX Acchiardo, S., 74 Adams, P., 116 Bennett, S.E., 125 Beto, J.A., 1,55, 84, 98, 115, 161 Cockram, D.B., 88 DeTar, S.J., 182 Edmunds, M.E., 125 Fedje, L., 144 Feehally, J., 125 Fischer, D.R.,
More information