Digestive System. Digestion Myths
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1 Digestive System Digestion Myths Myth # 1 Ulcers: Spicy food and stress cause stomach ulcers. Myth # 2 Heartburn: Smoking a cigarette helps relieve heartburn. Myth # 3 Celiac Disease: Celiac disease is a rare childhood disease. Myth # 4 Avoid gluten. Myth # 5 Cirrhosis: Cirrhosis is caused only by alcoholism.
2 Digestion Digestion is the physical and chemical breakdown of food Teeth Oral cavity = Mouth Allow for taking in food and chewing 32 adult teeth 20 baby teeth Covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body
3
4 Salivary glands Glands located in the head & neck region Make saliva Moisten food Some chemical breakdown of food (especially carbohydrates) Antibacterial Pharynx Throat Swallowing takes place here Eustachian tube (=Auditory tube) connects pharynx with middle ear
5 Esophagus Muscular tube that connects pharynx with stomach Functions to transport food via peristalsis
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7 Stomach gastr- is stomach Located in your abdominal cavity, just under ribcage on left side Stores and mixes food Liquefies food Secretes HCl for protein breakdown Secretes mucus for protective lining
8 Small Intestine Small in diameter, not length It is over 20 feet long Has villi and microvilli Has numerous blood vessels
9 Small Intestine Absorption of food Peristalsis
10 Pancreas Food does not pass through the pancreas Releases juices into the small intestine Break down food enzymatically
11 hepatic ducts (from the liver) cystic duct common hepatic duct gallbladder bile common bile duct store bile pancreatic duct hepatopancreatic duct or ampulla pancreas mixture pancreatic juice duodenum 21 Liver Food does not pass through Large organ; just below right side rib cage hepat- means liver
12 Liver Makes bile; help break down fats into smaller pieces; easier to digest Detoxification site; enormous blood supply Stores nutrients (e.g. glucose, minerals, vitamins) Central metabolic hub Makes clotting proteins Gall bladder Small pouch near liver Stores bile; helps fat digestion
13 Large Intestine Named for the diameter, not the length 5 feet long Large Intestine Appendix small pouch near beginning; vestigial? Colon most of the large intestine Rectum large intestine that enters the pelvic cavity Anus Sphincter muscles around opening of the large intestine
14 Large Intestine Forms and stores waste called feces Mucus secretion Minor water absorption Vitamin K and some B vitamins are made by bacteria here
15 Indigestion Abnormal digestion Heartburn acid spills into the esophagus nothing to do with the heart Colic babies sometimes get digestive pain due to difficult digestion of lactose? Gastroenteritis Vomiting Reverse peristalsis. Complications can include dehydration, ph changes in body, esophagus, throat, mouth irritation Diarrhea Increased peristalsis or increased water content in feces. Prolonged diarrhea can lead to dehydration
16 Food Poisoning Staphylococcus - Toxins released in high-protein, moist and warm foods; Acute Salmonella - bacteria common in poultry and hogs. Gastroenteritis signs. Cooking will kill the organism Campylobacter - Common in chicken. Killed with proper cooking Gastric ulcer
17 Helicobacter pylori was discovered in 1982 by two Australian scientists, Robin Warren and Barry J. Marshall as a causative factor for ulcers Awarded the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Dr. Marshall and Dr. Warren "for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease". Text Helicobacter pylori bacteria Barry Marshall taken in 2008 Robin Warren in Appendicitis Inflammation of the appendix
18 Cirrhosis Scarring of the liver Permanent Most common cause is chronic alcohol use Eating Disorders Anorexia nervosa Bulimia
19
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