Cardiovascular System: Blood Physiology Study Guide, Chapter 13 Cardiovascular System: Blood Part I. Clinical Applications

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1 Name: Cardiovascular System: Blood Physiology Study Guide, Chapter 13 Cardiovascular System: Blood Part I. Clinical Applications Lab Day/Time: 1 1. Mrs. Carlyle is pregnant for the first time. Her blood type is Rh negative, her husband is Rh positive, and their first child has been determined to be Rh positive. Ordinarily, the first such pregnancy causes no major problems, but the baby is born blue and cyanotic. A. What is this condition, a result of Rh incompatibility, called? B. Why is the baby cyanotic? C. Because this is Mrs. Carlyle s first pregnancy, how can you account of the baby s problems. Assume that there has been no fetal blood leakage to the mother. D. Assume that the baby was born pink and healthy. What measures should be taken to prevent the previously described situation from happening in a second pregnancy and an Rh-positive baby? E. Mrs. Carlyle s sister has had two miscarriages before seeking medical help with her third pregnancy. Blood typing shows that she. Like her sister, is Rh negative; her husband is Rh positive. What course of treatment would be followed?

2 2. Cancer patients being treated with chemotherapy drugs designed to destroy rapidly dividing cells are monitored closely for changes in their RBC and WBC counts. Why? 2 3. Discuss the most significant danger experienced by athletes who engage in the illegal practice of blood doping. 4. Discuss four common characteristics of the many types of anemia. 5. Describe the structural features of a mature red blood cell that help it function in gas transport. 6. Describe how aspirin and plavix can prevent clot formation.

3 Part II 3 Bicarbonate diffuses out the RBC as Cl- diffuses onto the RBC. This process is known as the bicarbonate shift. Plasma consists of about 91% albumins Bohr Effect: the unloading of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin is increased by the bonding of H+ (released from carbonic acid) due to a(n) increase in ph. Most of the carbon dioxide transported in the blood is in the form of dissolved carbon dioxide. Erythropoietin is a hormone released from the kidneys in response to a(n) increased oxygen content of the blood.

4 Part III 4

5 5 Part IV Completion: Using the terms below, complete the following statements: Bilirubin Hemoglobin COX-1 Hematopoiesis COX-2 Hypovolemic Differential Hemoglobinuria Erythroblastosis fetalis Hematocrit Fibrin Hematocytoblasts Fibrinogen Lipoproteins Fractionated Metalloproteins Hemolysis Plasmin Plavix Prothrombinase Streptokinase Thrombocytopenia Thromboxane A 2 Thrombin Tissue plasminogen activator Urokinase 1. When components of whole blood are separated, they are said to be. 2. When clinicians refer to low blood volumes, they use the term 3. The insoluble fibers that provide the basic framework for a blood clot are called 4. Transport globulins that bind metal ions are called 5. Globulins involved in lipid transport are called 6. The percentage of whole blood occupied by cellular elements is the 7. When abnormally large numbers of RBCs break down in circulation, causing a reddish or brown colored urine, the condition is called 8. The rupturing of red blood cells is called 9. When heme is stripped of its iron it is converted to 10. This chemical is released by activated platelets to activate other platelets and is a is also a powerful vasoconstrictor 11. The soluble protein known as is found in the blood and can become the insoluble protein known as fibrin when the enzyme known as converts it to fibrin. 12. A low blood platelet count refers to a condition called 13. During the healing process of a blood clot the fibrin meshwork is dissolved by a fibrin splitting enzyme called 14. Formed elements in the blood are produced by the process of 15. The stem cells that produce all of the blood cells are called 16. The most common RBC test used to determine if a person is anemic is 17. Aspirin is a and inhibitor and thus reduces platelet aggregation by inhibiting production. 18. Disorder that can occur when an Rh- female who carries a Rh+ fetus develops anti-rh antibodies that destroy fetal RBCs. 19. Name the enzyme the converts prothrombin to thrombin. 20. Name a drug that inhibits platelet activation by blocking the receptors for ADP on the platelet plasma membrane. 21. Clinically, and, produced by genetically engineered bacteria, and, a natural bacterial product, can be injected into the blood stream to dissolve blood clots such as in pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, stroke, and thrombus formation.