DISEASE AND FUNGICIDE MANAGEMENT FOR CORN & WHEAT Heather M. Kelly Field Crops Plant Pathology West Tennessee Research and Education Center
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1 DISEASE AND FUNGICIDE MANAGEMENT FOR CORN & WHEAT Heather M. Kelly Field Crops Plant Pathology West Tennessee Research and Education Center University of Tennessee
2 Disease Pyramid 1. Plant susceptible variety 2. Pathogen influenced by field history, location, etc. 3. Environment promotes disease development For yield loss to be an issue 4. Time all 3 factors have to occur at a critical time/growth stage
3 Image from southernstates.com F6-F9 Scout for leaf diseases - infections begin on lower leaves F Spray for Scab fungus infects through the blooms
4 Wheat Diseases ars.usda.gov Powdery Mildew Leaf/Septoria Blotch Glume/Stagonospora Blotch Stripe Rust Leaf Rust May require fungicide application before heading Use Strobilurin and/or Triazole fungicides Fusarium Head Blight (Scab) } Fungicide application at bloom Use ONLY Triazole fungicides
5 UTcrops.com
6 Wheat Diseases Powdery Mildew Leaf/Septoria Blotch Glume/Stagonospora Blotch Stripe Rust Leaf Rust Fusarium Head Blight (Scab)
7 Wheat Diseases Leaf/Septoria Blotch Glume/Stagonospora Blotch
8 Wheat Diseases Stripe Rust ars.usda.gov
9 Wheat Diseases Leaf Rust
10 Wheat Diseases Fusarium Head Blight (FHB, Head Scab)
11 State Model Variety Susceptibility Date
12 UTcrops.com
13 2013 Wheat Fungicide Trials Average across fungicides at 2 locations Yield (bu/a) F6-F8 c Untreated c F5-F6 F5-F6 + F F8-F10 bc abc ab F a *Same letters indicate no significant difference
14 F5-F6 F8-F10 F Trial Leaf Rust % Caramba 13.5 fl oz/a Caramba 10 fl oz/a Prosaro 6.5 fl oz/a Folicur 4 fl oz/a Caramba 13.5 fl oz/a Twinline 7 fl oz/a Quilt Xcel 14 fl oz/a Tilt 4 fl oz/a Folicur 4 fl oz/a Prosaro 6.5 fl oz/a Headline 6 fl oz/a Stratego YLD 4 fl oz/a Twinline 7 fl oz/a Tilt 4 fl oz/a Folicur 4 fl oz/a Stratego YLD 4 fl oz/a Untreated Headline 6 fl oz/a e e e d c c c c c c c Yield not significantly effected (ranged from 46.6 to 53.2 bu/a) *Same letters indicate no significant difference b ab ab ab a a a
15 Corn Growth Stages Image from Illinois Extension publication
16 Corn Diseases Grey Leaf Spot Most common Common Rust = cooler temp Cooler temperatures (61-77 F) Brown, elongated pustules On both sides of leaf Southern Rust Warmer temperatures (77-82 F) Orange, round pustules On upper leaf surface Northern Leaf Blight Usually not a yield robber in TN
17 Corn Diseases Grey Leaf Spot Most common Common Rust = cooler temp Cooler temperatures (61-77 F) Brown, elongated pustules On both sides of leaf Southern Rust Warmer temperatures (77-82 F) Orange, round pustules On upper leaf surface Northern Leaf Blight Usually not a yield robber in TN Upper side of leaf Lower side of leaf
18 Corn Diseases Grey Leaf Spot Most common Common Rust = cooler temp Cooler temperatures (61-77 F) Brown, elongated pustules On both sides of leaf Southern Rust Warmer temperatures (77-82 F) Orange, round pustules On upper leaf surface Northern Leaf Blight Usually not a yield robber in TN
19 UTcrops.com
20 2014 Regional Corn Fungicide Summary Data from 15 states and Ontario, Canada Timing of application # of fungicides tested # of observations Mean yield response compared to nontreated control (bu/a) * Early (V3-V8) Standard (VT-R2) Double (V5 + VT/R1) * Mean calculated over all fungicides compared in individual state trials
21 Mean yield response compared to non-treated control in bu/a over time 2010 n= n= n= n= n=462 Avg n=1447 Early (V5-V8) Standard (VT-R2) Double (V5 + R1)
22 Mean yield response compared to non-treated control in bu/a over time Tennessee Data Avg Early (V5-V8) n= Standard (VT-R1) n= Double (V5-V7 + VT-R1) n=
23 Break-even scenarios for corn Corn price ($/bu) Application cost ($/A) $12 $16 $20 $24 $28 $32 $36 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
24 Disease Management Summary Know your disease package in your wheat variety and corn hybrid Scout for diseases - will help better match fungicide to provide best control Make timely fungicide application(s) when warranted Wheat protect flag leaf, if able wait till bloom Corn tassel to silking (VT-R2) Good coverage and spray volume (15 gal/a ground, 5 gal/a air) When possible, use combination fungicide = multiple MOAs to reduce risk of fungicide resistance developing
25 Managing Fungicide Use One of the important tools to manage disease Will not cure existing disease symptoms Use best fungicide to manage the specific disease(s) in your field Applications should be based upon: Disease risk Scouting observations Consistent economic benefits are more likely when based upon: Disease risk and Scouting observations
26 Thank you for your attention! Questions? Heather Kelly
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