SHAW ACADEMY NOTES. Diploma in Personal Nutrition

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1 SHAW ACADEMY NOTES Diploma in Personal Nutrition

2 Lesson 1 What is Nutrition? Nutrition is the intake of food, considered in relation to the body s dietary needs (WHO) or the process of nourishing or being nourished Nutrition is important for everyone and is a cornerstone of good health throughout the life cycle Poor nutrition can lead to: reduced immunity, increased susceptibility to disease, impaired physical and mental development, reduced productivity Nutrition and food are fuel The benefits of good nutrition are numerous: boost the immune system, improve sport performance, delays ageing, protects teeth and gums, enhanced concentration, fights and prevents disease, energy for life, keeping a healthy weight Nutrition and foods are not always good Malnutrition (over and under nutrition) are huge problems globally Under nutrition - indicates a lack of the necessary energy, protein or micronutrients required by the body for good health e.g. protein-energy malnutrition Micronutrient deficiencies occur when the body lacks one or more micronutrients resulting in deficiencies which usually affect growth and immunity e.g. anaemia (iron deficiency) Causes of under nutrition: lack of knowledge, fad diets, disease and illness, life cycle changes, poverty, inadequate diets Signs of under nutrition: o Unplanned weight loss o Weak muscles and/or loss of muscle o Feeling tired all the time o Low mood o Increase in illnesses or infections o Slow recovery from illness

3 o Failure to grow at the expected rate o Changes in behaviour such as appearing unusually irritable, sluggish or anxious 842 million people globally, mostly in developing countries suffer from under nutrition and 1 in 3 child deaths are related to under nutrition Iron deficiency anaemia can occur when the body has a lack of red blood cells or haemoglobin to transport oxygen to the cells of the body most common cause lack of iron in the diet Consequences include: fatigue, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, pallor and breathlessness Those at risk include: Infants > 6months and toddlers, menstruating women, pregnant women, vegetarians, diets lacking in Vitamin C, people with malabsorption or pathological blood loss Iron rich foods include: dark leafy greens, eggs yolks, broccoli, poultry, quinoa, red meat, shellfish, grains, dried fruits, lentils Vitamin C helps the body absorb iron more efficiently Over nutrition can lead to: Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease According to WHO Obesity is an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health

4

5 Obesity The causes of Obesity are numerous and complex and include: Obesity health implications include: stroke, heart disease, pancreatitis, female disorders, arthritis, inflamed veins, gout, cancer, gallstones, liver disease, lung disease, sleep apnoea Diabetes Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce any/enough insulin or when the body cannot use the insulin that it produces (WHO) There are 2 primary forms of diabetes Type 1 and Type 2

6 Symptoms include: frequent urination, excessive thirst, extreme hunger, unexplained weight loss, extreme tiredness, irritability, blurred vision, slow healing cuts

7 Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular disease is a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and is the number 1 killer globally Risk factors include: unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use, excessive alcohol, genetics, An unhealthy diet + an inactive lifestyle can lead to elevated blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids as well as overweightness or obesity. This can indicate an increased risk of developing a heart attack, stroke of heart failure A healthy diet and lifestyle can help to treat and prevent Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Good nutrition is extremely important

8 Notes

9 THANK Thank YOU You

Nutrition is the intake of food, considered in relation to the body s dietary needs (WHO) or the process of nourishing or being nourished

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