Lignin Modification via Expression of a Tyrosine Rich Cell Wall Peptide in Hybrid Poplar. The Pennsylvania State University, USA
|
|
- Juliana Webster
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Lignin Modification via Expression of a Tyrosine Rich Cell Wall Peptide in Hybrid Poplar John Carlson 1, Yajun Ya 2, Xinli Xia 2, Weilun Yin 2, Haiying Liang 3, Chris Frost 1, icole Brown 1, Ming Tien 1 1 The Pennsylvania State University, USA 2 Beijing Forestry University, PRC 3 Clemson University, USA International Poplar Commission 23 rd Session
2 Importance of lignin Approximately 20% of all carbon is fixed in lignin Lignin provides plants with structural rigidity Lignin is removed from wood for paper production and interferes with ethanol production C Representative Structure of Lignin Adapted from Adler H 3 C H 3 C 2 H 16 2 H H 3 C 3 etc. 2 H 15 1 H 3 C H 3 2 H H 14 H HH 2 C H 3 C 2 H 3 4 C C Carbohydrate H 3 C 3 H 3 C 3 5 H H 13 2 H 3 2 H C 6 H HH 2 C 3 Cβ Cα H 7 H 9 3 H 3 C 3 H 3 C H H 2 H etc. 2 H 2 H H 2 C 10 H
3 Lignin Degradation is of Central Importance in Biomass Utilization Mosier et al Pretreatment (acid and/heat treatment) is the most expensive part of lignocellulose utilization for biofuels. Pretreatment disrupts the lignin encasement around the cellulose and disrupts the crystallinity of cellulose (increase access of hydrolytic enzymes.
4 Impact of Lignin on Polysaccharide digestibility Polysacchridase Digestibility (%) Lignin content (%)
5 Strategies for dealing with the lignin barrier Post Harvest Treat lignocellulosic material with fungal enzymes or whole fungi (area of on-going research) Feedstock Modification Much effort has been expended in decreasing lignin content And in modifying lignin composition, i.e. increase in the syringyl to guaiacyl monomer ratio
6 A ovel Strategy for Lignin Modification in Poplar ur Hypothesis: Free radical coupling between lignin subunits and TYR will result in a lignin structure that can be partially hydrolyzed with protease pretreatment. This could permit more efficient extraction of lignin and enzymatic conversion of wood to ethanol. 2 H H Model for free radical coupling between the lignol precursors and the phenolic TYR. HH 2 C H 3 C H R H R 3 3 H R 2 H H R R H 2 H 2 H H 3 C HH 2 C 3 H 3 C R R H 3 R 3 H 3 HH 2 C H 3 C H 3 H R 2 H H HH 2 C H tyrosine R 3
7 ur Approach: Transform hybrid Poplar with a TYR-rich gene construct. Design TYR-rich peptides differing in length and sequence Express peptide transgenes in lignifying tissue in poplar Populus x Euramericana cv. eva at Beijing Forestry University Populus x gy hybrid at Penn State University Characterize transgenic plants Plant fitness Lignin structure Ethanol production Populus euramericana cv. eva Populus x gy
8 Glycine-rich protein (from pea) MATIHRLPSL VFLVLLALGV CSARRALLTL DAGYGLGHGT GGGYGGAAGS 50 YGGGGGGGSG GGGGYAGEHG VVGYGGGSGG GQGGGVGYGG DQGAGYGGGG 100 GSGGGGGVAY GGGGERGGYG GGQGGGAGGG YGAGGEHGIG YGGGGGSGAG 150 GGGGYAGGA QGGGYGTGGG AGGGGGGGGD HGGGYGGGQG AGGGAGGGYG 200 GGGEHGGGGG GGQGGGAGGG YGAGGEHGGG AGGGQGGGAG GGYGAGGEHG 250 GGAGGGQGGG AGGGYGAGGE HGGGAGGGQG GGAGGGYGAG GEHGGGAGGG 300 QGGGAGGGYG AGGEHGGGGG GGQGGGAGGG YAAVGEHGGG YGGGQGGGDG 350 GGYGTGGEHG GGYGGGQGGG AGGGYGTGGE HGGGYGGGQG GGGGYGAGGD 400 HGAAGYGGGE GGGGGSGGGY GDGGAHGGGY GGGAGGGGGY GAGGAHGGGY 450 GGGGGIGGGH GGVP Has elevated Tyrosine level of 7%. Second generation peptides have over 40% Tyrosine
9 Binary Vector Construction RB S-pro PTII S-ter PAL2 pro Gly-rich gene S-ter LB Leader sequence Poplar phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL2) promoter Leader sequences Pine cell wall Glucosidase signal peptide - Poplar Laccase signal peptide
10 PCR and of genomic Southern to show transformation transgenic gy: transgenic eva: ck-ck+m ck-ck+m HRGP gene PTⅡ gene
11 Transgenic poplar plants transgenic eva: transgenic gy plants in the green house
12 Detection of transcriptional expression of Gly-rich protein construct by Real-time PCR
13 Histochemical staining for lignin o visible differences for lignin content between Wild-type and Transformed plants
14 Lignin content not compromised
15 Digestibility assay with protease K Reducing sugar concentrations in stem tissue extracts of hybrid poplar gy wildtypes and transgenic lines. For each line, a portion of ground tissue was incubated with sequential incubations of protease K followed by cellulase and hemicellulase (shaded bars), while another portion of tissue was incubated only with cellulase and hemicellulase (open bars). Bars are means + SD of 2-3 replicates of individual samplings.
16 Protease tests with eva transgenics A275nm Untransformed poplar Transformed poplar Time(h) UV absorbance at the wavelength of 275nm over time
17 Dynamic mechanical analysis Averages of 5 measurements on each of 2 samples from plants of the same transgenic line.
18 Populus x gy at Penn State U John Carlson, Prof Ming Tien, Prof Haiying Liang, Assist Prof icole Brown, Assist Prof Fang Cong, PhD student Chris Frost, Post-doc Acknowledgements Populus x Euramericana at Beijing Forestry U Yajun Ya, PhD student Xinli Xia, Assioc Prof Weilun Yin, Prof Thank you for attention! Funding: DE Energy Bioscience Huck Institute Discovery Grant
Lignin and the General Phenylpropanoid Pathway. Introduction and Importance:
Lignin and the General Phenylpropanoid Pathway 13. Phenolics and Lignin p. 1 Introduction and Importance: Phenolic: a compound consisting of an aromatic ring plus at least one hydroxyl [= phenyl group],
More informationLiquid Hot Water Pretreatment of Corn Stover: Impact of BMR. Nathan S. Mosier and Wilfred Vermerris
Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment of Corn Stover: Impact of BMR Nathan S. Mosier and Wilfred Vermerris Acknowledgements Research, Inc. (CPBR), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Prime Agreement no. DEFG36-02GO12026.
More informationfrom Miscanthus Cellulose - Lignin
Characterizing Lignocellulosics from Miscanthus Cellulose - Lignin Poulomi Sannigrahi A.J. Ragauskas School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Georgia Institute of Technology Agro-energy gy feedstock: Miscanthus
More informationThe biochemistry of wood degradation. Kari Steffen
The biochemistry of wood degradation Kari Steffen verview Degradation of dead wood focuses on fungal activity Enzymatic attack of natural biopolymers The main organic components of dead wood Cellulose
More informationMolecular Structure and Function Polysaccharides as Energy Storage. Biochemistry
1 1.Objectives Dr. Vijaya Khader Dr. MC Varadaraj To understand how polysaccharides act as energy source To understand the structure and energy generation process from glycogen To understand the structure
More informationCellulase Inhibitors/Deactivators in Lignocellulosic Biomass
Cellulase Inhibitors/Deactivators in Lignocellulosic Biomass Youngmi Kim *, Eduardo Ximenes, Nathan S. Mosier and Michael R. Ladisch LORRE, Purdue Univ. 32 nd Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals
More informationHydrolysis and Fractionation of Hot-Water Wood Extracts
C Hydrolysis and Fractionation of Hot-Water Wood Extracts Thomas E. Amidon Christopher D. Wood, Jian Xu, Yang Wang, Mitchell Graves and Shijie Liu Biorefinery Research Institute Department of Paper and
More informationEffective Fractionation of Lignocellulose Using a Mild Acetone-based Organosolv Process
Effective Fractionation of Lignocellulose Using a Mild Acetone-based Organosolv Process A.T. Smit W.J.J. Huijgen J.W. van Hal L. Lanting K.J. Damen June 2017 ECN-L--17-016 Presented @25th European Biomass
More informationImprovement of enzymatic hydrolysis of a marine macro-alga by dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment
Improvement of enzymatic hydrolysis of a marine macro-alga by dilute acid hydrolysis pretreatment Parviz Yazdani 1*, Keikhosro Karimi 1,2, Mohammad J. Taherzadeh 2 1 Department of Chemical Engineering,
More informationMinimizing Wash Water Usage After Acid Hydrolysis Pretreatment of Biomass
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Biological and Agricultural Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses Biological and Agricultural Engineering 5-2013 Minimizing Wash Water Usage After
More informationPlant Cell Biology; Identification and manipulation of plant quality traits
Plant Cell Biology; Identification and manipulation of plant quality traits Phil Morris, Mark Robbins, Joe Gallagher and Ana Winters Mechanisms of protein protection in forages 30 Determining the constraints
More informationScreening of Rice Straw Degrading Microorganisms and Their Cellulase Activities
Research 83 KKU Sci. J.37 (Supplement) 83-88 (2009) Screening of Rice Straw Degrading Microorganisms and Their Cellulase Activities Abstract Atcha Boonmee 1,2* Rice straw is one of the most abundant agricultural
More informationEthanol Production from the Mixture of Hemicellulose Prehydrolysate
Ethanol Production from the Mixture of Hemicellulose Prehydrolysate and Paper Sludge Li Kang, David Webster, Harry Cullinan and Y. Y. Lee Department of Chemical Engineering Auburn University 1 Outline
More informationComparative evaluation of some brown midrib sorghum mutants for the production of food grain and 2,3-butanediol
Comparative evaluation of some brown midrib sorghum mutants for the production of food grain and 2,-butanediol Yadhu N Guragain 1, K.S. Vinutha 2, G.S. Anil Kumar 2, Reggeany Barrios 1, P.V. Vara Prasad,
More informationAnaerobic fermentation of organic wastes for production of soluble organic compounds
Anaerobic fermentation of organic wastes for production of soluble organic compounds Barış Çallı Marmara University Department of Environmental Engineering Istanbul, Turkey BioPXenoR Workshop, October
More informationMODIFICATION OF FORAGE QUALITY POST-HARVEST
MODIFICATION OF FORAGE QUALITY POST-HARVEST http://www.hayhorsefeeders.com/round-bale-feeders.html Gwinyai E. Chibisa, Ph.D. Chemical Treatments: Hydrolytic Agents Hydrolytic agents = Alkali s e.g., NaOH,
More informationChapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 16 Lignocellulose is the predominant component of woody plants and dead plant materials and the most abundant biomass on earth. It is a major renewable natural resource of the world
More informationCloning and Expression of a Bacterial CGTase and Impacts on Phytoremediation. Sarah J. MacDonald Assistant Professor Missouri Valley College
Cloning and Expression of a Bacterial CGTase and Impacts on Phytoremediation Sarah J. MacDonald Assistant Professor Missouri Valley College Phytoremediation of Organic Compounds Phytodegradation: Plants
More informationNon-enzymatic Deconstruction Systems in the Brown Rot Fungi
Non-enzymatic Deconstruction Systems in the Brown Rot Fungi presented to the Society of Wood Science and Technology, 2014 International Convention Zvolen, Slovakia by Barry Goodell 1, Valdeir Arantes 2,
More informationWoody Biomass Conversion: Process Improvements at ESF
Woody Biomass Conversion: Process Improvements at ESF Shijie Liu Biorefinery Research Institute Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Outline
More informationEFFECTS OF GENETIC MANIPULATION (HCT AND C 3 H DOWN-REGULATION) ON MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGNIN AND ITS BIOCONVERSION TO FERMENTABLE SUGARS
CELLULOSE CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY EFFECTS OF GENETIC MANIPULATION (HCT AND C 3 H DOWN-REGULATION) ON MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF LIGNIN AND ITS BIOCONVERSION TO FERMENTABLE SUGARS XIAO-PENG PENG, *,**
More informationTHE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO METHODS FOR EVALUATING FIVE-CARBON SUGARS IN EUCALYPTUS EXTRACTION LIQUOR
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO METHODS FOR EVALUATING FIVE-CARBON SUGARS IN EUCALYPTUS EXTRACTION LIQUOR Congcong Chi, a,b* Zeng Zhang, a Weiwei Ge, a and Hasan Jameel b Alkaline pre-extraction and hydrothermal
More informationAlkaline Oxidative Pretreatment followed by Reductive Lignin Depolymerization
Alkaline Oxidative Pretreatment followed by Reductive Lignin Depolymerization Eric L. Hegg Michigan State University Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC) Michigan Forest Bioeconomy Conference
More informationSaccharification of corncob using cellulolytic bacteria - Titi Candra Sunarti et al.
Saccharification of corncob using cellulolytic bacteria - Titi Candra Sunarti et al. Figure 2. (a) (b) (c) (d) Microscopic structures of (a) corncob, (b) delignified corncob, (c) cellulose fraction, (d)
More informationOPTIMISATION OF XYLOSE PRODUCTION USING XYLANASE
Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 8(2), 2010, 909-913 OPTIMISATION OF XYLOSE PRODUCTION USING XYLANASE T. SATHISH a and N. Y. S. MURTHY * Department of Biotechnology, Malla Reddy Engineering College, HYDERABAD (A.P.)
More informationUSE OF ENZYMES IN HYDROLYSIS OF MAIZE STALKS. Ivo Valchev, Sanchi Nenkova, Petya Tsekova, and Veska Lasheva
USE OF ENZYMES IN HYDROLYSIS OF MAIZE STALKS Ivo Valchev, Sanchi Nenkova, Petya Tsekova, and Veska Lasheva Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant organic raw material in the world. Cellulose and
More informationMODIFICATION OF WHEAT STRAW LIGNIN BY SOLID STATE FERMENTATION WITH WHITE-ROT FUNGI
MODIFICATION OF WHEAT STRAW LIGNIN BY SOLID STATE FERMENTATION WITH WHITE-ROT FUNGI Maria J. Dinis a, Rui M. F. Bezerra b, Fernando Nunes c, Albino A. Dias b, Cristina V. Guedes a, Luís M. M. Ferreira
More informationAn Investigation of Biofuels
Please print Full name clearly: Introduction: BIOL 305L Laboratory Six An Investigation of Biofuels To me, this is the ultimate use of the plant cell wall the potential to obtain an alternative fuel from
More informationA Novel Method to Facilitate Biodethatching Using Fungal Laccases. Final Report. April 27, 2011
A Novel Method to Facilitate Biodethatching Using Fungal Laccases Final Report April 27, 2011 Qingguo Huang Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin INTRODUCTION The proposed
More informationEnzyme Applications in Pulp and Paper Manufacturing
Enzyme Applications in Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Mike Paice Lakehead University Symposium September 27, 2005 2005 Paprican 1 utline Background on status of biotech in P&P Enzymes in Kraft pulping Enzymes
More informationCARBOHYDRATES. Created for BCLM Pony Club Nutrition #14
CARBOHYDRATES Created for BCLM Pony Club Nutrition #14 Carbohydrates Collective term for starches, sugars and dietary fibres The dietary fibres are cellulose and hemicellulose Glycogen is how energy is
More informationKINETIC MODELING OF ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF POPLAR WASTE BY WET OXIDATION PRETREATMENT
KINETIC MODELING OF ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF POPLAR WASTE BY WET OXIDATION PRETREATMENT Shanshan Liu, a Guigan Fang, a, * Qiang Wang, b Yongjun Deng, a and Shanming Han a Kinetic modeling of enzymolysis
More informationEthanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Deacetylation, Pretreatment, and Enzymatic Hydrolysis. Urvi Dushyant Kothari
Ethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Deacetylation, Pretreatment, and Enzymatic Hydrolysis by Urvi Dushyant Kothari A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment
More informationProduction of Reducing Sugars from Hydrolysis of Napier Grass by Acid or Alkali
Doi: 10.12982/cmujns.2017.0003 CMU J. Nat. Sci. (2017) Vol. 16(1) 31 Production of Reducing Sugars from Hydrolysis of Napier Grass by Acid or Alkali Duangkanok Tanangteerapong*, Thanawat Tunjaroensin,
More informationName. The following exam contains 44 questions, valued at 2.6 points/question. 2. Which of the following is not a principal use of proteins?
Chemistry 131 Exam 3 Practice Proteins, Enzymes, and Carbohydrates Spring 2018 Name The following exam contains 44 questions, valued at 2.6 points/question 1. Which of the following is a protein? a. Amylase
More informationFORMATION AND STRUCTURE OF LIGNIFIED PLANT CELL WALL - FACTORS CONTROLLING LIGNIN STRUCTURE DURING ITS FORMATION
69 FORMATION AND STRUCTURE OF LIGNIFIED PLANT CELL WALL - FACTORS CONTROLLING LIGNIN STRUCTURE DURING ITS FORMATION Noritsugu Terashima and Rajai H. Atalla USDA Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford
More informationUNDERSTANDING PLANT CELL WALL PHENOTYPES THAT CONTRIBUTE RECALCITRANCE TO ALKALINE-OXIDATIVE PRETREATMENTS AND ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS.
UNDERSTANDING PLANT CELL WALL PHENOTYPES THAT CONTRIBUTE RECALCITRANCE TO ALKALINE-OXIDATIVE PRETREATMENTS AND ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS By Muyang Li A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in
More informationPRODUCTION OF LIGNOCELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES BY MUSHROOMS
PRODUCTION OF LIGNOCELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES BY MUSHROOMS PETR BALDRIAN Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Praha 4, Czech Republic,
More informationLignin-phenol-formaldehyde adhesives with residual. lignin from hardwood bioethanol production
Lignin-phenol-formaldehyde adhesives with residual lignin from hardwood bioethanol production Soo Jung Lee Bioenergy research center at chonnam national university Contents 1. Background 2. Isolation of
More informationCHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGES
BRIEF CONTENTS CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGES PREFACE 1 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6 3 MATERIALS & METHODS 70 4 OBSERVATIONS & RESULTS 110 5 DISCUSSION 222 6 SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS 243 BIBLIOGRAPHY
More informationEffect of process conditions on high solid enzymatic hydrolysis of pre-treated pine
Effect of process conditions on high solid enzymatic hydrolysis of pre-treated pine Abstract Anders Josefsson Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden 213-6-12 In this study a relatively
More informationThe Structure and Function of Macromolecules
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules Macromolecules are polymers Polymer long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks. Monomer the small building block molecules. Carbohydrates, proteins
More informationMechanochemical Modification of Lignin and Application of the Modified Lignin for Polymer Materials
Mechanochemical Modification of Lignin and Application of the Modified Lignin for Polymer Materials Jinwen Zhang Composite Materials and Engineering Center Washington State University Significance Petroleum-based
More informationThe Effect of Maturity and Frost Killing of Forages on Degradation Kinetics and Escape Protein Concentration
The Effect of Maturity and Frost Killing of Forages on Degradation Kinetics and Escape Protein Concentration A. S. Leaflet R1546 M. A. Karsli, graduate research assistant, and J. R. Russell, professor
More informationEFFECT OF LACCASE DOSAGE ON ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF STEAM- EXPLODED WHEAT STRAW
CELLULOSE CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY EFFECT OF LACCASE DOSAGE ON ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF STEAM- EXPLODED WHEAT STRAW ALFREDO OLIVA-TARAVILLA, * ELIA TOMÁS-PEJÓ, * MARIE DEMUEZ, * CRISTINA GONZÁLEZ-FERNÁNDEZ
More informationEnzymatic Hydrolysis of Olive Industry Solid Waste into Glucose, the Precursor of Bioethanol
An- Najah National University Faculty of Graduate Studies Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Olive Industry Solid Waste into Glucose, the Precursor of Bioethanol By Israa Jamal Mohammad Dagher Supervisor Prof. Shehdeh
More informationHydrothermal pretreatment of biomass for ethanol fermentation
Hydrothermal pretreatment of biomass for ethanol fermentation Yukihiko Matsumura Hiroshima University 1 Dec. 10-12, 2012 JAPANESE-DANISH JOINT WORKSHOP Future Green Technology Hakata, Japan 緒言 First and
More informationDeutscher Tropentag - Bonn, 9-11 October 2001
Deutscher Tropentag - Bonn, 9-11 October 21 Conference on International Agricultural Research for Development Tropical wood-decaying fungi as a means of conversion of agricultural plant residues: Influence
More informationIonization of amino acids
Amino Acids 20 common amino acids there are others found naturally but much less frequently Common structure for amino acid COOH, -NH 2, H and R functional groups all attached to the a carbon Ionization
More informationGuided Notes: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
Guided Notes: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Overview: The Molecules of Life All living things are made up of four classes of large biological molecules:,,, and. are large molecules
More informationDehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis Reactions. ne_content/animations/reaction_types.ht ml
Glucose Molecule Macromolecules Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids are polymers Polymers long molecules made from building blocks linked by covalent bonds Monomers the building blocks to polymers
More information189,311, , ,561, ,639, ,679, Ch13; , Carbohydrates. Oligosaccharides: Determination of Sequence
Lecture (2//7) Reading: Chs4,6,8,0,4,6,7,8; 28-29, 89,,77-80,555-557,56,62-622,69,662-66,679, 69-694 Ch; 497-50, 507-54 Problems: Ch (text); 5,6,9,0,22,24 Ch7 (study-guide: applying); 4 Ch7 (study-guide:
More information(30 pts.) 16. (24 pts.) 17. (20 pts.) 18. (16 pts.) 19. (5 pts.) 20. (5 pts.) TOTAL (100 points)
Moorpark College Chemistry 11 Spring 2009 Instructor: Professor Torres Examination # 5: Section Five April 30, 2009 ame: (print) ame: (sign) Directions: Make sure your examination contains TWELVE total
More informationLAP-019CS. Procedure Title: Author(s): Bonnie Hames, Fannie Posey-Eddy, Chris Roth, Ray Ruiz, Amie Sluiter, David Templeton.
Biofuels Program Biomass Analysis Technology Team Laboratory Analytical Procedure LAP-019CS Procedure Title: Hydrolysis of Corn Stover for Compositional Analysis Author(s): Bonnie Hames, Fannie Posey-Eddy,
More informationEnsiling as a method to preserve energy crops and to enhance the energy yields Seija Jaakkola (UH) Ensiling
Ensiling as a method to preserve energy crops and to enhance the energy yields Seija Jaakkola (UH) Ensiling Fred Stoddard (UH) Energy crops, cultivations Maritta Kymäläinen (HAMK) Biogas Pekka Maijala,
More informationProteins are sometimes only produced in one cell type or cell compartment (brain has 15,000 expressed proteins, gut has 2,000).
Lecture 2: Principles of Protein Structure: Amino Acids Why study proteins? Proteins underpin every aspect of biological activity and therefore are targets for drug design and medicinal therapy, and in
More informationBioresource Technology
Bioresource Technology 102 (2011) 11115 11120 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Bioresource Technology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biortech Short Communication Effects of enzyme loading
More informationIn this study, effect of different high-boiling-organic solvent (ethanolamine, diethylene glycol and
ISESCO JOURNAL of Science and Technology Vol. 12 No 21 High Boiling Solvent Pre-treatment of Hazelnut Shells for Enzymatic Hydrolysis Emir Zafer Hoşgün, Berrin Bozan Anadolu University, Engineering Faculty,
More informationHealth Benefits of Prebiotic Dietary Fiber
Health Benefits of Prebiotic Dietary Fiber JENNIFER ERICKSON, PhD, RD Objectives Provide some background on dietary fiber To define the term "prebiotic dietary fiber" To discuss potential health effects
More informationTHE EFFECT OF DELIGNIFICATION PROCESS WITH ALKALINE PEROXIDE ON LACTIC ACID PRODUCTION FROM FURFURAL RESIDUES
THE EFFECT OF DELIGNIFICATION PROCESS WITH ALKALINE PEROXIDE ON LACTIC ACID PRODUCTION FROM FURFURAL RESIDUES Yong Tang, Lingxi Bu, Lihong Deng, Liwei Zhu, and Jianxin Jiang* Furfural residues produced
More informationPROCESS DEVELOPMENT FOR THE FRACTIONATION AND ISOLATION OF CORN FIBER HEMICELLULOSE
Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 8-2010 PROCESS DEVELOPMENT FOR THE FRACTIONATION AND ISOLATION OF CORN FIBER HEMICELLULOSE Justin Montanti Clemson University, montant@g.clemson.edu Follow
More informationWhat are the 6 Nutrients. Carbohydrates Proteins Fats/Oils (Lipids) Vitamins Minerals Water
Nutrients AG 240 What are the 6 Nutrients Carbohydrates Proteins Fats/Oils (Lipids) Vitamins Minerals Water Carbohydrates (CHO) Primary component of livestock feed Referred to as energy CHO Characteristics
More informationPretreatment with laccase and a phenolic mediator degrades lignin and enhances saccharification of Eucalyptus feedstock
Rico et al. Biotechnology for Biofuels 201, : RESEARCH Open Access Pretreatment with laccase and a phenolic mediator degrades lignin and enhances saccharification of Eucalyptus feedstock Alejandro Rico
More informationEnzyme use for corn fuel ethanol production. Luis Alessandro Volpato Mereles
Enzyme use for corn fuel ethanol production Luis Alessandro Volpato Mereles July 12 th, 2007 Agenda Global Biofuel Outlook Novozymes at a glance What are enzymes Using Enzymes to produce Fuel Ethanol from
More informationFungal Pretreatment of Corn Fiber for Butanol Fermentation. A Bachelors of Science Thesis. Prepared in Accordance to Requirements for:
Fungal Pretreatment of Corn Fiber for Butanol Fermentation A Bachelors of Science Thesis Prepared in Accordance to Requirements for: Graduation with Honors Research Distinction in Chemical and Biomolecular
More informationDefinition of a Carbohydrate
* Atoms held together by covalent bonds Definition of a Carbohydrate * Organic macromolecules * Consist of C, H, & O atoms * Usually in a 1:2:1 ratio of C:H : O Functions Performed by Carbohydrates Used
More informationAffiliation Index. Subject Index
364 ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION Affiliation Index Downloaded via 148.251.232.83 on September 5, 2018 at 17:10:11 (UTC). See https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published
More information2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules. KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.
KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life. Carbon atoms have unique bonding properties. Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. Carbon-based
More informationRedefine the Role of Lignin in Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Redefine the Role of Lignin in Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass Maobing Tu Auburn University Background Biomass pretreatment is needed Break down the recalcitrant structure of cell walls
More informationThis exam consists of two parts. Part I is multiple choice. Each of these 25 questions is worth 2 points.
MBB 407/511 Molecular Biology and Biochemistry First Examination - October 1, 2002 Name Social Security Number This exam consists of two parts. Part I is multiple choice. Each of these 25 questions is
More informationBiolignin, a renewable and efficient material for wood adhesives
Biolignin, a renewable and efficient material for wood adhesives Dr. Bouchra Benjelloun-Mlayah, Dr. Nadine Tachon, Dr. Louis Pilato and Prof. Dr. Michel Delmas 53th SWST Conference Zvolen, Slovaquia, June
More informationCharacterization of Fall Leaves as a Source of Cellulosic Ethanol
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato Volume 8 Article 2 2008 Characterization of Fall Leaves as a Source of Cellulosic Ethanol Justin Burum Minnesota State University,
More informationA Method for Rapid Determination of Sugars in Lignocellulose Prehydrolyzate
PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE A Method for Rapid Determination of Sugars in Lignocellulose Prehydrolyzate Congcong Chi, a,b, * Hou-min Chang, b Zhijian Li, a Hasan Jameel, b and Zeng Zhang c A simple and rapid
More informationO 2. What is anaerobic digestion?
What is anaerobic digestion? Microbial degradation of organic material under anaerobic conditions Ubiquitous, naturally-occurring process Occurs in swamps, hydric soils, landfills, digestive tracks of
More informationObjective: You will be able to explain how the subcomponents of
Objective: You will be able to explain how the subcomponents of nucleic acids determine the properties of that polymer. Do Now: Read the first two paragraphs from enduring understanding 4.A Essential knowledge:
More information2.2: Sugars and Polysaccharides François Baneyx Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington
2.2: Sugars and Polysaccharides François Baneyx Department of hemical Engineering, University of Washington baneyx@u.washington.edu arbohydrates or saccharides are abundant compounds that play regulatory
More informationThe Carbon Atom (cont.)
Organic Molecules Organic Chemistry The chemistry of the living world. Organic Molecule a molecule containing carbon and hydrogen Carbon has 4 electrons in its outer shell and can share electrons with
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Practice Quiz 1 AP Bio Sept 2016 Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The element present in all organic molecules is A) hydrogen.
More informationTsuneo KONDO, Tomoko OHSHITA and Tadashi KYUMA
JARQ 31, 49-53 (1997) Structural Changes of Forage Grass Lignin by Rumen Digestion: Characteristics of Soluble Lignin Released from Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) by n Vitro Rumen Digestion Tsuneo KONDO,
More informationIMPROVED PRETREATMENT PROCESS OF WHEAT STRAW WITH DIRECT STEAM INJECTION
IMPROVED PRETREATMENT PROCESS OF WHEAT STRAW WITH DIRECT STEAM INJECTION Patrick Ballmann *1, Michael Müller *1, Esther Gasser *2, Stefan Dröge *1, Helmut König *2 *1 Test and Research Institute Pirmasens
More informationFinal Report for Tufts Institute of the Environment Graduate Fellowship
Final Report for Tufts Institute of the Environment Graduate Fellowship TITLE: Using Jasmonates to Enhance Long-Term Sequestration of Atmospheric Carbon. Benjamin A. Babst, Ph. D. Department of Biology,
More informationHuman Epithelial Cells
The Cell Human Epithelial Cells Plant Cells Cells have an internal structure Eukaryotic cells are organized Protective membrane around them that communicates with other cells Organelles have specific jobs
More informationFor questions 1-4, match the carbohydrate with its size/functional group name:
Chemistry 11 Fall 2013 Examination #5 PRACTICE 1 For the first portion of this exam, select the best answer choice for the questions below and mark the answers on your scantron. Then answer the free response
More informationProject Title: Development of GEM line starch to improve nutritional value and biofuel production
Project Title: Development of GEM line starch to improve nutritional value and biofuel production Prepared by Jay-lin Jane and Hanyu Yangcheng, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State
More informationEvaluation of pine kraft cellulosic pulps and fines from papermaking as potential feedstocks for biofuel production
Cellulose (2016) 23:649 659 DOI 10.1007/s10570-015-0808-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Evaluation of pine kraft cellulosic pulps and fines from papermaking as potential feedstocks for biofuel production Kamila Przybysz
More informationBIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT MOLECULES
BIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT MOLECULES ( use with printout from zerobio website) Note: images from internet and used for educational purposes only CARBOHYDRATES: MONOSACCHARIDES H GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE GALACTOSE
More informationMALDI TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRIC TECHNIQUES FOR THE ANALYSIS AND IMAGING OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS
MALDI TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRIC TECHNIQUES FOR THE ANALYSIS AND IMAGING OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS By KYLE ANN LUNSFORD A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN
More information1. What substance could be represented by the letter X in the diagram below?
1. What substance could be represented by the letter X in the diagram below? A) carbohydrates B) ozone C) carbon dioxide D) water 2. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. For
More informationThe Pennsylvania State University. The Graduate School. College of Engineering EFFECT OF CELL WALL DEGRADING ENZYMES AND CHEMICALS ON
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Engineering EFFECT OF CELL WALL DEGRADING ENZYMES AND CHEMICALS ON CORN STOVER PRESERVATION AND PRETREATMENT DURING ENSILAGE PROCESSING
More informationIncreased Degradability of Cellulose by Dissolution in Cold Alkali
Increased Degradability of Cellulose by Dissolution in Cold Alkali Yan Wang, Mikael E. Lindström, and Gunnar Henriksson* To enhance the degradability of cellulosic materials for further industrial purposes,
More informationExtractives as a source of potential wood-protectors for a grafting application
Extractives as a source of potential wood-protectors for a grafting application Carmen Fernández-Costas 1, Sabrina Palanti 2, Mª Ángeles Sanromán 1, Diego Moldes 1 1 Department of Chemical Engineering.
More informationInfluence of Fine Grinding on the Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Materials-Acid Vs. Enzymatic
Influence of Fine Grinding on the Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Materials-Acid Vs. Enzymatic 4 MERRILL A. MILLETT, MARILYN J. EFFLAND, and DANIEL F. CAULFIELD Forest Products Laboratory 1, Forest Service, U.S.
More informationMs. Golub & Ms. Sahar Date: Unit 2- Test #1
Name Ms. Golub & Ms. Sahar Date: Unit 2- Test #1 1. The interaction between guard cells and a leaf opening would not be involved in A) diffusion of carbon dioxide B) maintaining homeostasis C) heterotrophic
More informationMacromolecules Carbohydrates A COMPLEX COLORING EXPERIENCE
Macromolecules Carbohydrates A COMPLEX COLORING EXPERIENCE Name: Per: Date: All plants, animals and microorganisms use carbohydrates as sources of energy. Carbohydrates are also used as structural building
More informationAll living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds:
Organic Chemistry All living things are mostly composed of 4 elements: H, O, N, C honk Compounds are broken down into 2 general categories: Inorganic Compounds: Do not contain carbon Organic compounds
More informationENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSE FROM STEAM- PRETREATED LESPEDEZA STALK (LESPEDEZA CRYTOBOTRYA) WITH FOUR TRICHODERMA CELLULASES
ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSE FROM STEAM- PRETREATED LESPEDEZA STALK (LESPEDEZA CRYTOBOTRYA) WITH FOUR TRICHODERMA CELLULASES Yue Feng, Hui-Qin Liu, Run-Cang Sun, and Jian-Xin Jiang * The hydrolytic
More informationOrganic Molecules Worksheet: Read through each section and answer the following questions.
Name: Date: Period: Organic Molecules Worksheet: Read through each section and answer the following questions. Organic molecules are the molecules that exist in all living things. They are life s building
More informationBiology. Slide 1 of 37. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 37 2 of 37 The Chemistry of Carbon The Chemistry of Carbon Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms. 3 of 37 Macromolecules Macromolecules Macromolecules
More information9. At about 0 C., most enzymes are (1.) inactive (2.) active (3.) destroyed (4.) replicated
Study Guide 1. Which of the following enzymes would digest a fat? (1.) sucrase (2.) fatase (3.) protease (4.) lipase 2. At high temperatures, the rate of enzyme action decreases because the increased heat
More informationSECTION II PROCESSES OF WOOD DECAY AND DETERIORATION
SECTION II PROCESSES OF WOOD DECAY AND DETERIORATION PROCESSES OF WOOD DECAY AND DETERIORATION INTRODUCTION Environmental safety has emerged as the number one issue of the 1990's. Unfortunately, the major
More information