Feeding Animals for Profit - Will my 2017 hay cut it?

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1 Feeding Animals for Profit - Will my 2017 hay cut it? Reagan Bluel University of Missouri Extension Dairy Specialist 2018 by The Curators of the University of Missouri, a public corporation

2 Manage Forage Nutrients Know your Herd s Needs Excess or Deficient or Just Right

3 Photo Credit Phil Kaatz, MSU Extension

4 You can t manage what you don t monitor

5 Manage Forage Nutrients Know your Herd s Needs Excess or Deficient or Just Right

6 The Herd s Needs Stage of production o Dry cow o 60-80d after calving Age o First calf vs 4 th calf Environment o Spring vs Winter Stress

7 6 Essential Nutrient Classes Protein Energy Vitamins Minerals Fats Water

8 Blank Protein Energy Fats Vitamins Minerals Water NUTRIENTS NOT INGREDIENTS

9 How do I read the results? Moisture Nitrates Protein Fiber Energy Minerals RFV

10 Plant Cell Cell Wall (Fiber) Cell Contents (Soluble)

11 INTAKE INTAKE INTAKE \á à{x ÇtÅx Éy à{x ztåx

12 Forage Quality [Éã wé çéâ ÅxtáâÜx àr

13 FIBER ENERGY PROTEIN

14 HOW MUCH WILL SHE EAT?? 1300# 1300 * = It Depends - o Stage of lactation/ pregnancy o Quality of forage o Environment About 1.1 % of Body Weight as CELL WALL (Fiber NDF) 14.3 lbs of NDF

15 HOW MUCH WILL SHE EAT?? 1300# 1300 * = It Depends - o Stage of lactation/ pregnancy o Quality of forage o Environment About 1.1 % of Body Weight as CELL WALL (Fiber NDF) 14.3 lbs of NDF

16 NDF = Neutral Detergent Fiber NDF controls INTAKE

17 ANIMAL: 1300 * = 14.3# NDF FORAGE: Alfalfa OG = 51.23% NDF Collectively: 14.3 / = 27.9 lbs DRY MATTER INTAKE

18 27.9 lbs of Plant Cell Cell Wall (Fiber) Cell Contents (Soluble)

19 Plant Cell Organic Acids Pectins ENERGY Protein Sugars Starch

20 APRIL JULY

21 Does my Hay have enough ENERGY?

22 Energy = Net Energy (NE) Net Energy Lactation Gain Maintenance

23 Does my Hay have enough ENERGY? 27.9# Dry Matter INTAKE Mcal energy/lb 27.9 lbs DMI * = Mcal Maintain 1300# cow: 9.0 Mcal Ave Milk: 8.6 Mcal TOTAL: = 17.6 Mcal/d ENERGY NEEDED

24 Does my Hay have enough ENERGY? 27.9# Dry Matter INTAKE Mcal energy/lb 27.9 lbs DMI * = Mcal Maintain 1300# cow: 9.0 Mcal Ave Milk: 8.6 Mcal TOTAL: = 17.6 Mcal/d ENERGY NEEDED

25 Does my Hay have enough PROTEIN?

26 PROTEIN Crude Protein 6.25 * Nitrogen content Amino Acid building blocks

27 Does my Hay have enough PROTEIN? 27.9 # Dry Matter INTAKE % Crude Protein 27.9 lbs DMI * = 3.41 lbs protein Req 1300# beef cow in peak milk: 3.1 lbs Crude Protein/day

28 Does my Hay have enough PROTEIN? 27.9 # Dry Matter INTAKE % Crude Protein 27.9 lbs DMI * = 3.41 lbs protein Req 1300# beef cow in peak milk: 3.1 lbs Crude Protein/day

29 Energy: Supplement Required NEED 2.61 Mcal/cow/day Protein: ADEQUATE

30 Energy Supplements Fat = 2.25x Energy of a carbohydrate **TOO MUCH FAT hurts your rumen** Corn = Affordable source of Energy Offers 1.02 Mcal/lb NEm *watch grind size

31 1300# peak lactation cow supplement Needs 2.61 Mcal/d Energy 1.02 Mcal/# from Corn = 2.56 lbs corn/cow/day

32 I ve done all this MATH Now what?

33 BODY CONDITION SCORE Pictures courtesy of Virginia Tech Extension Publication number

34 MANURE

35 Summary You can calculate your herd s nutritional needs High quality hay, (in many cases) doesn t need supplementation Monitor the herd for nutritional signals and make timely changes

36 THANK YOU! Reagan Bluel BARRY COUNTY

37 What is RFV? Relative Feed Value Intended to rank legumes The index ranks forages relative to the digestible DMI of full bloom alfalfa 41% ADF and 53% NDF The RFV = 100 at this growth stage Estimates digestible dry matter (DDM) of the alfalfa from ADF, and calculates the DM in take potential (as a percent of body weight, BW) from NDF. The index is then calculated as DDM multiplied by dry matter intake (DMI as a % of BW) and divided by 1.29.

38 Have you ever had a GRASS HAY and ALFALFA Different RFV - but fed similar? Or Same RFV but fed very differently? Its because not all fiber is created equally Variations within NDF digestibility is to blame

39 Limitations to Relative Feed VALUE 1. Assumptions DDM and DMI are constants for all forages. 2. ADF & NDF are the only laboratory values used in the calculation 3. Crude protein concentrations of forage is not used

40 What is RFQ? Relative Forage Quality Intended to quantify fiber digestibility RFQ = (DMI, % of BW) * (TDN, % of DM) / 1.23 WHERE TDN = (NFC*.98) + (CP*.93) + (FA*.97*2.25) + (NDFn * (NDFD/100) 7 CP = crude protein (% of DM) NDFD = 48hr in vitro NDF digestab (% of NDF) EE = ether extract (% of DM) NFC = non fibrous carbohydrate (% of DM) = FA = fatty acids (% of DM) = ether extract (NDFn + CP + EE + ash). NDF = neutral detergent fiber (% of DM) NDFCP = neutral detergent fiber CP NDFn = nitrogen free NDF = NDF NDFCP, else estimated as NDFn = NDF*.93

41 Why is Relative Forage QUALITY a better measurement for Southern Missouri? WE FESCUE We know that Grasses tend to NATURALLY have higher NDF values then Legumes Ambient growth temperatures can impact fiber digestibility too impacts 2+ cuttings Legumes have higher Lignin then grasses R F Q

42 THANK YOU! Reagan Bluel BARRY COUNTY

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