PREBIOTIC MECHANISMS OF ACTION
|
|
|
- Roy Mitchell
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PREBIOTIC MECHANISMS OF ACTION Seema Hooda, Kelly S. Swanson, George C. Fahey, Jr. Department t of Animal Sciences Division of Nutritional Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute of Medicine Workshop on the Human Microbiome, Diet, and Health February 23, 2012
2 BACKGROUND Ingredients/novel compounds being examined for activities other than providing nutrients Health promotion Disease reduction Area of study of great practical importance to the food and feed industries, and to suppliers to these industries Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) Nutritional attributes: Low caloric value, enhance mineral absorption Health related attributes: May lower risk of infections and diarrhea; may modulate immune system; microbiota modulation (prebiotic activity)
3 BACKGROUND Many NDOs have ability to alter the composition of the colonic microbiota in a positive manner bifidobacteria and lactobacilli populations p pathogenic populations Concept of prebiotics Introduced in 1995 (Gibson and Roberfroid) Attracted much academic and private sector attention Positive effects on health outcomes
4 BACKGROUND Definition of a prebiotic 1. Resistant to gastric acidity, to enzymatic hydrolysis, and to gastrointestinal absorption (i.e., not hydrolytically digestible) 2. Fermented by cecal/colonic microflora 3. Selectively stimulates growth and/or activity of those bacteria that contribute to colonic and host health h Gibson et al., 2004
5 What are the major dietary sources of prebiotics?
6 PREBIOTICS Well established Fructans Chicory root extract Inulin Oligofructose Short-chain fructooligosaccharides (DP 3-5) Galactooligosaccharides Lactulose
7 POTENTIAL PREBIOTIC CANDIDATES Soybean oligosaccharides Mannanoligosaccharides Glucooligosaccharides Cyclodextrins Gentiooligosaccharides Oligodextrans Glucuronic acid Pectic oligosaccharides Isomaltooligosaccharides Lactosucrose Xylooligosaccharides li id Human milk oligosaccharides (Yeast cell wall) Lactose Resistant starch and derivatives Oligosaccharides from melobiose N-Acetylchitooligosaccharides Polydextrose Sugar alcohols Konjac glucomannan
8 POTENTIAL PREBIOTIC CANDIDATES Soybean oligosaccharides Mannanoligosaccharides Glucooligosaccharides Cyclodextrins Gentiooligosaccharides Oligodextrans Glucuronic acid Pectic oligosaccharides Isomaltooligosaccharides Lactosucrose Xylooligosaccharides li id Human milk oligosaccharides (Yeast cell wall) Lactose Resistant starch and derivatives Oligosaccharides from melobiose N-Acetylchitooligosaccharides Polydextrose Sugar alcohols Konjac glucomannan
9 POTENTIAL PREBIOTIC CANDIDATES Soybean oligosaccharides Mannanoligosaccharides Glucooligosaccharides Cyclodextrins Gentiooligosaccharides Oligodextrans Glucuronic acid Pectic oligosaccharides Isomaltooligosaccharides Lactosucrose Xylooligosaccharides li id Human milk oligosaccharides (Yeast cell wall) Lactose Resistant starch and derivatives Oligosaccharides from melobiose N-Acetylchitooligosaccharides Polydextrose Sugar alcohols Konjac glucomannan
10 WHY CATEGORIZED AS POTENTIAL PREBIOTIC CANDIDATES? Do not meet all of the specifications of definition to date Selective stimulation of bacterial growth may be limited Research is not yet complete
11 Adapted from Mussatto and Mancilha, 2007.
12 How do prebiotics modify composition of the gut microbiota?
13 PREBIOTICS Depending on type and dietary concentration provided, potential effects on: Gastric emptying Intestinal transit rate Nutrient digestibility Fecal bulking/frequency of defecation SCFA production Intestinal morphology Gut immune modulation GI microbiota
14 IMPACT OF GalOS ON THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA OF HEALTHY ADULTS 18 healthy human volunteers (19-50 years old) Study conducted over a 16 week period Baseline Testing Washout 2 weeks 3 weeks/treatment 2 weeks Treatments chocolate-flavored chewable candies containing 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 g GalOS/d Fresh fecal samples collected within 1 h of defecation Davis et al., 2010
15 ENUMERATION THROUGH CULTURING Log 10 CFU/g feces (Mean ± SD) Bacterial group Baseline 0.0 g 2.5 g 5.0 g 10.0 g Washout Lactose-fermenting enterobacteria Enterococci Bifidobacteria * 9.83 * 9.42 Bacteroides Total anaerobes * Significantly different vs 0.0 g: * (p < 0.05). Significantly different vs 2.5 g: (p < 0.05).
16 BIFIDOGENIC EFFECT OF GalOS AS DETERMINED BY qrt-pcr a a ab b b a For all 18 subjects Dosage of GalOS a a a b b a For the 9 responders Dosage of GalOS Davis et al., 2010
17 IMPACT OF GalOS ON THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA 18 healthy human volunteers (19-50 years old) Study conducted over a 16 week period Baseline Testing Washout 2 weeks 3 weeks/treatment 2 weeks Treatments chocolate-flavored chewable candies containing i , 2.5, , 50 or g GalOS/d Pyrosequencing of V1-V3 region of 16S rdna Davis et al., 2011
18 RESULTS Consumption of GalOS did not alter bacterial diversity of fecal microbes Predominant phyla Firmicutes 64% Bacteroidetes 28% Actinobacteria 3% Verrucomicrobia 1% Proteobacteria 1%
19 RESULTS Predominant families Lachnospiraceae 31% Ruminococcocaeae 18% Bacteroidaceae 12% Bifidobacteriaceae 2% Most common genera Bacteroides 12.2% Faecalibacterium 7.7% Blautia 7.4% Ruminococcus 3.7% Roseburia 2.2% Bifidobacterium 1.5%
20 PROPORTION OF BACTERIAL TAXA AFFECTED BY GalOS CONSUMPTION Baseline 10.0 g Actinobacteria (Phyla) Bifidobacteriaceae (Family) * Bifidobacterium i (Genus) * 5.20* B. adolescentis Bifidobacterium spp I * Bifidobacterium spp II * Bifidobacterium spp III * B. longum B. catenulatum * Significantly different from 2.5 g GalOS treatment (P < 0.05). Significantly different from 0 g GalOS treatment (P < 0.05). Davis et al., 2011
21 BUBBLE PLOT INDICATING DIFFERENCES DURING CONSUMPTION OF 10 G GalOS COMPARED TO CONTROL Responses vary among individuals
22 EFFECT OF RESISTANT STARCH ON THE COMPOSITION OF FECAL MICROBIOTA 10 healthy human volunteers (23-38 years old) Three types of crackers (33 g of RS per 100 g of crackers) containing: RS2 (Hi-Maize 260) RS4 (Fibersym RW)-chemically modified phosphorylated crosslinked type 4 RS from wheat starch Native wheat starch Subjects consumed 33 g of RS per day Double-blind, crossover study Week Baseline Treatment 1 Washout Treatment 2 Washout Treatment 3 Washout Martinez et al., 2010
23 PROPORTION OF BACTERIAL PHYLA Phylum Baseline Control RS2 RS4 Washout P value Firmicutes Bacteroidetes Actinobacteria Numbers in red represent proportions that were significantly higher than numbers in blue
24 PROPORTION OF BACTERIAL FAMILIES Family Baseline Control RS2 RS4 Washout P value Bifidobacteriaceae Porphyromonadaceae Ruminococcaceae Erysipelotrichaceae
25 PROPORTION OF BACTERIAL GENERA Genus Baseline Control RS2 RS4 Washout P value Faecalibacterium Parabacteroides Bifidobacterium Dorea
26 NOVEL FIBER STUDY 20 healthy men (21-28 years) Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study Three study periods - 21 d 16 d adaptation followed by 5 d of total fecal collections Treatments t included- d 3 fiber bars per day (7 g fiber/bar) No supplemental fiber (NFC) Polydextrose (PDX) Soluble corn fiber (SCF) Hooda et al., 2012
27 PROPORTION OF BACTERIAL GENERA Genus NFC PDX SCF P value Faecalibacterium 20.7 a 24.1 b 25.5 b Phascolarctobacterium 1.5 a 2.3 b 2.8 b Dialister 1.0 a 2.35 b 2.87 b Lactobacillus 0.3 a 0.3 a 0.5 b
28 Are prebiotics effective in achieving host health benefits?
29 HEALTH BENEFITS Healthy individuals Changes in composition of microbes Increase in beneficial microbes Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli GalOS, Inulin Increase in butyrate producers Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia - Resistant starch, polydextrose, soluble corn fiber
30 HEALTH BENEFITS Microbes that are correlated with disease Faecalibacterium Inflammatory bowel disease-decrease in Faecalibacterium Anti-inflammatory properties Soluble corn fiber, polydextrose, inulin, fructo- oligosaccharides, id pea fiber Increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes Linked with obesity
31 HEALTH BENEFITS Changes in metabolites Increase in SCFA, especially butyrate Inulin, fructooligosaccharides, GalOS Decrease in ammonia, phenols, and indoles Recent approach Correlating shift in microbiota to indices of gut health PCA plots of microbes and fermentative end-products
32 MICROBES-HEALTH INDEX RELATIONSHIPS Component 2 ( %) Clostridiaceae Component 1 (21.2 %) 2 Clostridiales 3 Bacteroidaceae 4 Veillonellaceae 6 Bifidobacteriaceae 10 Alcaligenaceae 13 Fiber 14 Total intake 15 Calories 16 Protein intake 17 Carbohydrate intake Fat intake 19 Saturated fat intake 9 Coriobacteriaceae 11 Hyphomicrobiaceae 20 Ammonia 21 Phenols 22 Indoles 25 Isobutyrate 27 Isovalerate 28 Valerate 30 Total branched-chain fatty acids 5 Ruminococcaceae 7 Lachnospiraceae 8 Eubacteriaceae 12 Lactobacillaceae 23 Acetate 24 Propionate 26 Butyrate 29 Total short-chain h fatty acids Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae- positively linked with SCFA, negatively with phenols, indoles, and ammonia Veillonellaceae- positively linked with fiber intake, negatively with phenols, indoles, ammonia, and BCFA Hooda et al., 2012
33 RESPONSE OF GUT MICROBIOTA TO PREBIOTICS IN GENETICALLY AND DIET-INDUCED OBESE MICE Ob/ob mice fed control diet- Ob-CT Ob/ob mice fed control diet with prebiotics (oligofructose)- Ob-Pre Fed for 5 weeks Pyrosequencing of V1-V3 V3 region of 16S rdna Oral glucose tolerance test Everard et al., 2011
34 RESULTS Effect of prebiotic treatment using 16S rdna analysis Phylum Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria Firmicutes Family Bifidobacteriaceae- only present in Ob-Pre group Genera Bifidobacterium- only present in Ob-Pre group
35 RESULTS Prebiotic treatment Lowered fasting glycemia Improved glucose tolerance Decreased fat to muscle mass ratio Decreased plasma triglycerides Improved gut barrier function Lowered plasma LPS concentrations Reduced the expression of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers
36 TO ADVANCE THE FIELD OF PREBIOTICS Compositional o analysis a s of potential prebiotics Monomeric composition Chain length Linkages Branching Side chains Prebiotic activity of natural foods Soybean products Beet fiber Whole grains and co-products
37 TO ADVANCE THE FIELD OF PREBIOTICS Microbiota beyond bifidobacteria Detailed composition 16S rdna pyrosequencing Metabolic function metagenomics approach Need to study microbiome-indices of health relationships How do prebiotics achieve health benefits in diseased populations pp?
Health Benefits of Prebiotic Dietary Fiber
Health Benefits of Prebiotic Dietary Fiber JENNIFER ERICKSON, PhD, RD Objectives Provide some background on dietary fiber To define the term "prebiotic dietary fiber" To discuss potential health effects
GUT MICROBIOME WHAT IS IT? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR HUMAN HEALTH?
GUT MICROBIOME WHAT IS IT? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR HUMAN HEALTH? Corrie Whisner, PhD School of Nutrition and Health Promotion Arizona State University Center for Research on Ingredient Safety Annual Meeting
FIBER HEALTH BENEFITS
FIBER FIBER HEALTH BENEFITS Normal Laxation: Increase stool weight from fiber, water retained by fiber and bacterial mass Eases defecation and prevents or relieves constipation Cereal fibers are best;
The role of intestinal microbiota in metabolic disease-a novel therapeutic target.
Michael Connolly Department of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading The role of intestinal microbiota in metabolic disease-a novel therapeutic target. University of Reading 2008 www.reading.ac.uk
The Gut Microbiome: 101 Justin Carlson University of Minnesota
The Gut Microbiome: 101 Justin Carlson University of Minnesota Where are we now? 360 B.C. 2003 Human Gut Microbes Associated With Obesity Ley et al., Nature. 2006. Consumer Driven Science For Better of
PREBIOTICS, THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOME AND BONE HEALTH
PREBIOTICS, THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOME AND BONE HEALTH Corrie Whisner, PhD School of Nutrition and Health Promotion Arizona State University June 7, 2017 OVERVIEW 1. Osteoporosis 1. Prevalence 2. Prevention
Figure S1, SDC Additional measures of microbial diversity during perioperative period In addition to the Shannon diversity index of Figure 1,
Figure S1, SDC Additional measures of microbial diversity during perioperative period In addition to the Shannon diversity index of Figure 1, additional measures of diversity are shown: Figure S2, SDC
The Gut Microbiota: Evidence For Gut Microbes as Contributors to Weight Gain
The Gut Microbiota: Evidence For Gut Microbes as Contributors to Weight Gain Michael T. Bailey, Ph.D. Center for Microbial Pathogenesis The Research Institute, Nationwide Children s Hospital Department
INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA EXAMPLES OF INDIVIDUAL ANALYSES
EXAMPLES OF INDIVIDUAL ANALYSES INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA Microbiota in the animal or human intestine has evolved together with the host. Consequently, the gastrointestinal tract could be considered a metacommunity,
ISAPP, London UK June 26-28, 28, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana. Introduction
Prebiotics in Companion Animals ISAPP, London UK June 2628, 28, 2007 Dr. David C. Hernot and Dr. George C. Fahey, Jr. Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 1 In dogs and cats Introduction
Prebiotics in Aquaculture: New Strategy for Larviculture Improvment?
Prebiotics in Aquaculture: New Strategy for Larviculture Improvment Mahious A.S. LARVI 05 Fish & Shellfish Larviculture Symposium September 5-8 2005, Belgium General concept Probiotics Synbiotics Prebiotics
Time of day and eating behaviors are associated with the composition and function of the human gastrointestinal microbiota
Time of day and eating behaviors are associated with the composition and function of the human gastrointestinal microbiota Jennifer L Kaczmarek, 1 Salma MA Musaad, 2 and Hannah D Holscher 1 3 1 Division
Microbial Fermentation, SCFA Absorption and Further Metabolism by Host. Karen Scott
Microbial Fermentation, SCFA Absorption and Further Metabolism by Host Karen Scott SCFA metabolism section Contributors Bert Groen Gilles Mithieux Elaine Vaughan Karen Scott Functions of the gut microbiota
The role of nutrition in optimum gastrointestinal health
The role of nutrition in optimum gastrointestinal health Kelly A. Tappenden, Ph.D., R.D., FASPEN Kraft Foods Human Nutrition Endowed Professor University Distinguished Teacher-Scholar University of Illinois
Assessing Gut Issues: Short Chain Fatty Acids Elizabeth Redmond, PhD, MMSc, RD
Assessing Gut Issues: Short Chain Fatty Acids Elizabeth Redmond, PhD, MMSc, RD Chair-Elect Dietitians in Integrative and Functional Medicine DPG Education Specialist, Metametrix Laboratory, Georgia Short
Current International Regulatory Positions on Prebiotics
Workshop on Prebiotic as a Health Benefit of Fibre: Future Research and Goals Current International Regulatory Positions on Prebiotics Bethesda LSRO, February 10, 2011 Wim Caers Regulatory & Nutrition
Copyright 2014 Alison Nicole Beloshapka
Copyright 2014 Alison Nicole Beloshapka EVALUATING GLUCOSE-BASED CARBOHYDRATES FOR USE IN CANINE DIETS BY ALISON NICOLE BELOSHAPKA DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
Mark Manary MD. International Symposium on Understanding Moderate Malnutrition in Children for Effective Interventions
Possible role of the microbiome in the development of acute malnutrition and implications for food-based strategies to prevent and treat acute malnutrition International Symposium on Understanding Moderate
DO SWEETENERS AFFECT THE GUT MICROBIOME?
DO SWEETENERS AFFECT THE GUT MICROBIOME? What does the science and evidence tell us? Alexandra Lobach, M.Sc., Ph.D. Manager, Toxicology, Chemistry & Regulatory Affairs Food & Nutrition Health, Environmental
Inulin prebiotic: is it all about bifidobacteria?
Inulin prebiotic: is it all about bifidobacteria? Article Accepted Version Claus, S. (2017) Inulin prebiotic: is it all about bifidobacteria? Gut, 66 (11). pp. 1883 1884. ISSN 1468 3288 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl
traits and fasdng TMAO concentradons..6
FIGURE S1: Variability of gut microbiota composidon in Metsim samples 2 FIGURE S2: AssociaDon of bacterial diversity and richness measures with traits.3 FIGURE S3: AssociaDons of OTUs with fasdng blood
Supplementary Figures and Tables
Supplementary Figures and Tables Supplementary Figure 1. Intestinal epithelial MyD88 deletion decreases fat mass under HFD. (a) Final fat mass expressed as a percentage of final body weight (n=25). (b)
Bacteriology. Mycology. Patient: SAMPLE PATIENT DOB: Sex: MRN: Rare. Rare. Positive. Brown. Negative *NG. Negative
Patient: SAMPLE PATIENT DOB: Sex: MRN: 3.2 0.9-26.8 U/g 1.2 0.2-3.3 mg/g 2.2 1.3-8.6 micromol/g 1.1 1.3-23.7 mg/g 1.1 0.2-3.5 mg/g Rare 1.0 0.2-8.8 mg/g Rare 4.4 2.6-32.4 mg/g 64.6 >= 13.6 micromol/g Bacteriology
Dietary Fiber and its Influence on Gut Health
Dietary Fiber and its Influence on Gut Health Dietary Fiber and its Influence on Gut Health It is well known that dietary fiber plays a significant role in preventing non-communicable diseases such as
The impact of the microbiome on brain and cognitive development
The Gut-Brain Axis The impact of the microbiome on brain and cognitive development Diane Stadler, PhD, RD Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon Lao-American Nutrition Institute With acknowledgements
6/24/2014. How do you study microbial communities? Outnumbers Cells of the Body 10:1 Outnumber Human Genes 100:1. Michael T. Bailey, Ph.D.
Interactions between Diet and the Intestinal Microbiota: Implications for Obesity The Body is Colonized by an Enormous Array of Bacteria Outnumbers Cells of the Body 10:1 Outnumber Human Genes 100:1 Michael
The Microbiome has Multiple Influences on Human Health
The Microbiome has Multiple Influences on Human Health Clifford Adams 1 and Bettina Gutirrez 2 1 ANOZENE Nutritional Sciences, Fruithoflaan 101, bus 14, 2600 Berchem Antwerp, Belgium. 2 Jennewein Biotechnologie
FIBOFIT IS Water soluble fiber
FIBOFIT IS Water soluble fiber Table of nutritional value Per Serving 8 g (1Sachet) 100 g %W/W Wheat Dextrin 8g 100 g 100 % Energy 0.096 kcal Fats & Its Derinatives 0.008 g 0.1 g Protein 0.008 g 0.1 g
Ever wonder what s really happening on the inside?
For Practitioners Ever wonder what s really happening on the inside? Are your patients suffering from diarrhea, constipation, bloating, gas or indigestion? Rocky Mountain Analytical is now offering Gut-Well
Gut microbiome in Hadza huntergatherers, adaptation to a Paleolithic lifestyle
Gut microbiome in Hadza huntergatherers, adaptation to a Paleolithic lifestyle Patrizia Brigidi Dept. Pharmacy and Biotechnology University of Bologna patrizia.brigidi@unibo.it THE HUMAN MICROBIOTA: PHYLOGENETIC
Examining the effects of pre and probiotics on gut microbiota during the ageing process
Session: Reviewing key ingredients shaping nutrition for healthy ageing Tuesday 22 nd November 2016 Examining the effects of pre and probiotics on gut microbiota during the ageing process Louise R Wilson
Resistant Starch A Comparative Nutrition Review. James M. Lattimer Ph.D., PAS Assistant Professor Animal Sciences & Industry
Resistant Starch A Comparative Nutrition Review James M. Lattimer Ph.D., PAS Assistant Professor Animal Sciences & Industry Personal Background Education B.S. Kansas State University Animal Sciences &
Microbiome GI Disorders
Microbiome GI Disorders Prof. Ram Dickman Neurogastroenterology Unit Rabin Medical Center Israel 1 Key Points Our gut microbiota Were to find them? Symbiosis or Why do we need them? Dysbiosis or when things
HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA
HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA Patrizia Brigidi Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy patrizia.brigididi@unibo.it The Gut-Liver axis: a bidirectional relation in health and disease
PreticX Optimize Your Flora
Optimize Your Flora The GI tract microbiome is comprised of bacteria from more than 1,000 species. Understanding how these specific populations of bacteria shift, change, and thrive is providing key insight
Bacteriology. Mycology. Patient: REDOX Biomedicine Co., Ltd. Referring Laboratory Attn Alan Ou 5F, No. 369, Song Jiang Road Taipei, Taiwan
ex: MN: Completed: eptember 23, 2011 eceived: eptember 15, 2011 Collected: eptember 14, 2011 EDOX Biomedicine Co., Ltd. eferring Laboratory Attn Alan Ou 5F, No. 369, ong Jiang oad Taipei, 10482 Taiwan
Barcoded Pyrosequencing Reveals That Consumption of Galactooligosaccharides Results in a Highly Specific Bifidogenic Response in Humans
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications in Food Science and Technology Food Science and Technology Department 2011 Barcoded Pyrosequencing
Understanding prebiotics and scientific discoveries furthering their development
Understanding prebiotics and scientific discoveries furthering their development Karen P. Scott Microbiology Group Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health CONTENT What are synbiotics, prebiotics, probiotics
Module Outline. 1. Microbiome overview: getting a sense of the microbiome, research, what we know
Module Outline 1. Microbiome overview: getting a sense of the microbiome, research, what we know 2. Bacteria: features, functions, communities & taxonomy 3. Other microbes: archaea, fungi, viruses, parasites
2200 GI Effects Comprehensive Profile Stool Interpretation At-a-Glance
P: 1300 688 522 E: info@nutripath.com.au A: PO Box 442 Ashburton VIC 3142 TEST PATIENT Sample Test Name Sex : F Date Collected : 00-00-0000 111 TEST ROAD TEST SUBURB LAB ID: 00000000 UR#:0000000 TEST PHYSICIAN
The Intestinal Microbiota and the Developing Immune System
The Intestinal Microbiota and the Developing Immune System 4 Feb 2016 The Intestinal Microbiota 10 fold more bacterial cells than human cells 100-1000 fold more bacterial genes than human genes Why does
Physiology of the gut and mechanisms of prebiotic effect. Joanne Slavin, Ph.D, R.D. Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Minnesota
Physiology of the gut and mechanisms of prebiotic effect Joanne Slavin, Ph.D, R.D. Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Minnesota Fermentable carbohydrate: GI Tract Incompletely digested
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE. Faecal microbiota of domestic cats fed raw whole chicks v. an extruded chicken-based diet*
JNS JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE WALTHAM SUPPLEMENT Faecal microbiota of domestic cats fed raw whole chicks v. an extruded chicken-based diet* K. R. Kerr 1, S. E. Dowd 2 and K. S. Swanson 1 1 Department
FIBRE; IT S WHAT S FOR DINNER GUT HEALTH. A NEW PARADIGM IN MONOGASTRIC NUTRITION
www.abvista.com GUT HEALTH. A NEW PARADIGM IN MONOGASTRIC NUTRITION FIBRE; IT S WHAT S FOR DINNER As the global feed industry continues to reduce the usage of antibiotics the industry is turning to new
Development of OTU Analysis in NutriGen
Development of OTU Analysis in NutriGen Integrating OTU data with other NutriGen Data Mateen Shaikh and Joseph Beyene McMaster University December 19 2014 Mateen and Joseph (McMaster) Development of OTU
Diet, microbiota and the immune system: A gut feeling about type 1 diabetes. Dr. Eliana Mariño Monash University Melbourne, Australia
Diet, microbiota and the immune system: A gut feeling about type 1 diabetes Dr. Eliana Mariño Monash University Melbourne, Australia Diet, gut microbiota and Western lifestyle diseases Asthma Fatty liver
HOW THE MICROBIOME AFFECTS OUR HEALTH
HOW THE MICROBIOME AFFECTS OUR HEALTH THE INTESTINAL BARRIER AND INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY Intestinal Barrier: a functional body Defense from translocation of dietary antigens, bacteria or bacterial endotoxins
Gut Microbiomes of Malawian Twin Pairs Discordant for Kwashiorkor
Gut Microbiomes of Malawian Twin Pairs Discordant for Kwashiorkor Michelle I. Smith et al. Science 339, 548 (2013) Dept Meeting, 28 May 2013, M. UMEZAKI ABSTRACT. Kwashiorkor, an enigmatic form of severe
MICROBIOME ANALYSIS REPORT
MICROBIOME ANALYSIS REPORT Client name: N.E. Body Order No.: 6140 Report date: 2018-04-19 Sample Type: Gut Sample Barcode: 322672 Report Type: Single Hello Please find enclosed the results of your personalised
Bacteriology. Mycology. Genova Diagnostics SAMPLE REPORT. Rare. Rare. Negative. Brown. Negative *NG. Negative
Completed: November 2010 Genova Diagnostics eceived: October 2010 Collected: October 2010 oute Number:7 4.2 0.9-26.8 U/g 0.9 0.2-3.3 mg/g 0.8 1.3-8.6 micromol/g 42.7 1.3-23.7 mg/g 1.7 0.2-3.5 mg/g are
Diet, the gastrointestinal microbiome, and health
Diet, the gastrointestinal microbiome, and health Hannah D. Holscher, PhD, RD Assistant Professor of Nutrition Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Division of Nutritional Sciences University
Diet, Microbiome and Health Cindy D. Davis
Diet, Microbiome and Health Cindy D. Davis davisci@mail.nih.gov OFFICE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 1 Outline 1.What is the microbiome? 2.How does it vary over the lifespan? 3.What is the evidence that diet
The number of microorganisms residing in our intestines is 10 times the number of our somatic and germ cells.
The number of microorganisms residing in our intestines is 10 times the number of our somatic and germ cells. The number of microorganisms residing in our intestines is 10 times the number of our somatic
Rumen Fermentation. Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) Acetate. Acetate utilization. Acetate utilization. Propionate
Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) Produced from the fermentation of pyruvate and hind gut Types/ratios depends on diet 3 major VFAs Acetate CH 3 COOH Propionate CH 3 CH 2 COOH Butyrate CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COOH Cellulose
NUTRITION LABELLING AND CLAIMS: REGULATORY UPDATES IN MALAYSIA
NUTRITION LABELLING AND CLAIMS: REGULATORY UPDATES IN MALAYSIA Norrani Eksan Food Safety and Quality Division Ministry of Health Malaysia NSM Pre-Conference Symposium Hotel Istana, KL 24 26 July 2018 OUTLINE
7/30/2018. Nutricia North America 1. Learning Objectives
Probiotics, Prebiotics and the Role of the Infant Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Allergic Disease Kelly Tappenden, Ph.D, R.D. Kelly Tappenden, Ph.D, R.D. Professor and Department Head Department of
Dysbiosis & Inflammation
MASTERING THE MICROBIOME: Dysbiosis & Inflammation 2017 Tom Fabian, PhD It is reasonable to propose that the composition of the microbiome and its activities are involved in most, if not all, of the biological
Hannah D Holscher, J Gregory Caporaso, Seema Hooda, Jennifer M Brulc, George C Fahey Jr., and Kelly S Swanson
See corresponding editorial on page 1. Fiber supplementation influences phylogenetic structure and functional capacity of the human intestinal microbiome: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial 1 4
Gut Pathogens. Open Access RESEARCH. Janelle A. Jiminez 1,2, Trina C. Uwiera 3, D. Wade Abbott 1, Richard R. E. Uwiera 2* and G.
DOI 10.1186/s13099-016-0149-6 Gut Pathogens RESEARCH Impacts of resistant starch and wheat bran consumption on enteric inflammation in relation to colonic bacterial community structures and short chain
Dietary Fibres Soluble Fibres: can be.. Insoluble Fibres : can be..
Dietary Fibres The fraction of edible parts of plants or analogous carbohydrates that are: Resistant to digestion and absorption in the human small intestine with.. Complete or partial fermentation in
The prebiotic potential of Australian honeys. Nural Cokcetin, Shona Blair & Patricia Conway The University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia
The prebiotic potential of Australian honeys Nural Cokcetin, Shona Blair & Patricia Conway The University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia Introduction Gut bacteria significantly impacts host health
Welke rol speelt het microbioom bij malaborptie? - Microbiome and malabsorption -
Welke rol speelt het microbioom bij malaborptie? - Microbiome and malabsorption - Daisy Jonkers Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology Maastricht University Medical Center+ 20 april 2017 d.jonkers@maastrichtuniversity.nl
9/25/2018 COPE WEBINAR SERIES FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS DID YOU USE YOUR PHONE TO ACCESS THE WEBINAR?
COPE WEBINAR SERIES FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS DID YOU USE YOUR PHONE TO ACCESS THE WEBINAR? September 26, 2018 The Gut Microbiome-Diabetes Connection Moderator: Lisa Diewald MS, RD, LDN Program Manager
Slide 1. Slide 2 Learning outcomes. Slide 3. Year 1 MBChB Lecture 15 Introduction to the Gut Microbiota. The importance of microbiota
Slide 1 Year 1 MBChB Lecture 15 Introduction to the Gut Microbiota Professor Barry Campbell Gastroenterology Research Unit Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine bjcampbl@liv.ac.uk
Prebiotics and the Health Benefits of Fiber: Current Regulatory Status, Future Research, and Goals 1,2
The Journal of Nutrition Supplement Prebiotics and the Health Benefits of Fiber: Current Regulatory Status, Future Research, and Goals 1,2 Amy M. Brownawell, 3 Wim Caers, 4 Glenn R. Gibson, 5 CyrilW.C.Kendall,
Selective enrichment of key bacterial groups within the human colon in response to changes in diet
Selective enrichment of key bacterial groups within the human colon in response to changes in diet Alan Walker Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Diet and the human gut microbiota A significant proportion
Obesity and microbiota: an example of an intricate relationship
Duranti et al. Genes & Nutrition (2017) 12:18 DOI 10.1186/s12263-017-0566-2 REVIEW Obesity and microbiota: an example of an intricate relationship Sabrina Duranti 1, Chiara Ferrario 1, Douwe van Sinderen
What is the evidence that dietary components can act on the microbiome and influence health?
What is the evidence that dietary components can act on the microbiome and influence health? Kristin Verbeke Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Diet? health
MICROBIOM AND OBESITY HEINZ GYAKY 2018 BUDAPEST
MICROBIOM AND OBESITY HEINZ GYAKY 2018 BUDAPEST HUMAN MICROBIOM 10 Billion bacterias are building a 1,5 2 kg heavy human microbiom It is located mainly in the human gut There is a intestinal controlled
VITAMINS, MINERALS AND THE GUT
VITAMINS, MINERALS AND THE GUT Nutrients Looking at individual nutrients that are involved with gut health can be misleading This is not about taking individual nutrients It supports more a whole food
Understanding probiotics and health
Understanding probiotics and health Gemma Laws MSc Student Microbiology and Immunology Department The gut microbiota The name given to the total microbial population living in our intestine Bacteria, fungi,
Impact of high fat diets, prebiotics and probiotics on gut microbiota and immune function, with relevance to elderly populations
Nutrition and Aging 3 (2015) 171 192 DOI 10.3233/NUA-150058 IOS Press Impact of high fat diets, prebiotics and probiotics on gut microbiota and immune function, with relevance to elderly populations 171
9/18/2018. The Physiological Roles of the Intestinal Microbiota. Learning Objectives
The Physiological Roles of the Intestinal Microbiota Kelly A. Tappenden, Ph.D., R.D., FASPEN Professor and Head, Kinesiology and Nutrition University Distinguished Teacher-Scholar University of Illinois
8/14/2016. Diet, Gut Bacteria, and Metabolic Disease: Strategies to Promote Healthy Microbial Communities. Outline. The Human Microbiome:
8/14/216 Diet, Gut Bacteria, and Metabolic Disease: Strategies to Promote Healthy Microbial Communities Kristina Martinez PhD, RD Postdoctoral Research Scholar University of Chicago Chicago, IL Outline
The Gut Microbiome: Our Misunderstood Friend and Foe
The Gut Microbiome: Our Misunderstood Friend and Foe Impact of the Gut Microbiome on Nutrients and non-nutrients Metabolism and Energy Availability. Dr Jean-Michel Antoine With the Functional Food, & the
ect of Apple Pectin Oligosaccharide on Intestinal Disorders
23 Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi Vol. //, No. +*,.//.0* (,**2) 455 E# ect of Apple Pectin Oligosaccharide on Intestinal Disorders Yoshinori Takahashi, Yasuyuki Masuda, Masahiro Sugimoto and Hiroyuki
Dietary fiber is defend as the edible parts of plant or analogous carbohydrates
Chengcheng Jia NUTR 417 Supplement Paper The Soluble Dietary Fiber: Inulin Introduction and Supplement Background: Dietary fiber is defend as the edible parts of plant or analogous carbohydrates that are
Targeted Health Regimen Every Targeted Health Regimen builds upon the Foundations of Optimal Health Regimen. Blood Glucose Maintenance Regimen
Targeted Health Regimen Every Targeted Health Regimen builds upon the Foundations of Optimal Health Regimen. Blood Glucose Maintenance Regimen Every year we are faced with weight gain and increasingly
Keywords: large intestinal fermentation; microbiota; polyphenols; plant cell walls; fruit; vegetables; cereals; short-chain fatty acids
Review Gut Fermentation of Dietary Fibres: Physico-Chemistry of Plant Cell Walls and Implications for Health Barbara A. Williams *,, Lucas J. Grant, Michael J. Gidley and Deirdre Mikkelsen ARC Centre of
About the Editors List of Contributors
3GFTOC 07/20/2013 11:21:12 Page 9 Preface About the Editors List of Contributors Acknowledgements xvii xix xxi xxv 1 Starch Biosynthesis in Relation to Resistant Starch 1 Geetika Ahuja, Sarita Jaiswal
ESPEN Congress Copenhagen 2016
ESPEN Congress Copenhagen 2016 THE DIVERSITY OF OBESITY OBESITY AND THE GI TRACT N. Delzenne (BE) Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group The Diversity of Obesity (educational session) Obesity and the
TEST PATIENT. Date of Birth : 12-Jan-1999 Sex : M Collected : 25-Oct TEST DRIVE. Lab id :
COMPLETE DIGESTIVE STOOL ANALYSIS - Level 2 MACROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION Stool Colour Brown Brown Colour - Brown is the colour of normal stool. Other colours may indicate abnormal GIT conditions. Stool Form
10 th Seminar on. Nutrition Labeling, Claims and Communication Strategies OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION STATUS OF NUTRITION LABELLING.
10 th Seminar on Nutrition Labeling, Claims and Communication Strategies August 28 29, 2018 Renaissance Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia NUTRITION LABELLING AND CLAIMS: REGULATORY UPDATES IN MALAYSIA Norrani
OBESITY AND THE CONNECTION TO THE GUT
OBESITY AND THE CONNECTION TO THE GUT Weight Loss Most weight loss programs are based on calorie in = calorie out Does not matter how they are dressed up Most of these plans being healthier foods to people
Role of the Gut Microbiota in Autoimmunity
Role of the Gut Microbiota in Autoimmunity Pavan Bhargava, MD - Neuroimmunology Fellow Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. May, 2015 None Disclosures
Abstract. Marisol Aguirre 1,2,3, Daisy M. A. E. Jonkers 2, Freddy J. Troost 2, Guus Roeselers 3, Koen Venema 1,3 * RESEARCH ARTICLE
RESEARCH ARTICLE In Vitro Characterization of the Impact of Different Substrates on Metabolite Production, Energy Extraction and Composition of Gut Microbiota from Lean and Obese Subjects Marisol Aguirre
ADJUSTING SPECIAL DIET STYLES
Slide 1 ADJUSTING SPECIAL DIET STYLES Slide 2 Diet and Microflora Alterations in diet can account for 57% of structural changes in the gut bacteria (genetics only account for 12%) Western diet high fat,
King s Research Portal
King s Research Portal DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-313750 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication record in King's Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Staudacher, H.,
Chicory fibre, the root of digestive health. Hélène Alexiou Senior Manager Nutrition Communication BENEO Institute
Chicory fibre, the root of digestive health Hélène Alexiou Senior Manager Nutrition Communication BENEO Institute Natural solutions are top of mind to look after digestive health Q: What do you currently
R&D Forum 2. Protein
R&D Forum 2 Protein Dietary protein, red meat and colorectal cancer risk Speaker: Silvia Gratz, Research Fellow, The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, UK Dietary protein, red meat and colorectal
Stool Testing for the Microbiome - Ready for Primetime?
Stool Testing for the Microbiome - Ready for Primetime? Gillian M. Barlow, PhD Project Scientist, Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Take Charge of
Dietary protein, red meat and colorectal cancer risk
Dietary protein, red meat and colorectal cancer risk Dr Silvia Gratz Research Fellow Gut Health - Microbiology The Rowett Institute University of Aberdeen Processed meat is classified as human carcinogen
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY FINAL REPORT. Title of Study: Understanding how mango affects glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY FINAL REPORT Title of Study: Understanding how mango affects glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes Principal Investigator: Dr. Edralin A. Lucas Nutritional Sciences Department
Microbiome and liver diseases
Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I Microbiome and liver diseases Bernd Schnabl, M.D. Department of Medicine I have no financial relationship relevant to my presentation AND my presentation does
Gut Lung Axis Implication of the Gut Microbiota beyond its niche
Gut Lung Axis Implication of the Gut Microbiota beyond its niche Reema Subramanian PhD Candidate (4 th year) Supervisor: Prof. Margaret Ip Department of Microbiology, CUHK Joint Graduate Student Seminar
Why Study Dogs and Cats?
Probiotic and Prebiotic Applications in Dogs and Cats Kelly S. Swanson, PhD Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, and Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine University of
What really is a prebiotic and why? ISAPP Cork 2012 Discussion Group 1
What really is a prebiotic and why? ISAPP Cork 2012 Discussion Group 1 Juliet Ansell Paul Blatchford George Fahey Glenn Gibson Yong Jun Goh Arland Hotchkiss Bob Hutkins Christophe Lacroix Jose Garcia Mazcorro
Il microbiota come mediatore dell interazione tra l uomo e le sostanze che ingerisce
Cosmofarma(BO), 06.05.2017 Il microbiota come mediatore dell interazione tra l uomo e le sostanze che ingerisce Marina Elli, PhD Multifactorial determinants shaping human microbiome (Blandino et al. 2016)
IMPACT OF A SYNBIOTIC SUPPLEMENT ON BODY COMPOSITION AND SELECTED METABOLIC BIOMARKERS IN HEALTHY OVERWEIGHT SUBJECTS: A RANDOMIZED PILOT STUDY THESIS
IMPACT OF A SYNBIOTIC SUPPLEMENT ON BODY COMPOSITION AND SELECTED METABOLIC BIOMARKERS IN HEALTHY OVERWEIGHT SUBJECTS: A RANDOMIZED PILOT STUDY THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of Texas State University
Probiotics, Prebiotics and the Role of the Infant Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Allergic Disease. Kelly Tappenden, Ph.D, R.D.
Probiotics, Prebiotics and the Role of the Infant Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Allergic Disease Kelly Tappenden, Ph.D, R.D. Kelly Tappenden, Ph.D, R.D. Professor and Department Head Department of