Body Fluid Compartments

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1 Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology Body Fluid Compartments Dr. Sinan Canan Body fluid balance 1

2 Body fluid compartments 2

3 Water distribution Tissue % Water Blood 83,0 Kidneys 82,7 Heart 79,2 Lungs 79,0 Spleen 75,8 Muscle 75,7 Brain 74,8 Skin 72,0 Liver 68,3 Bone 31,0 Fat 10,0 Whole body 62,0 Age % Water 15-day embryo day embryo 80 Newborn 77 9 days days 73 3 months years years years years 52 Water distribution 3

4 Intracellular (erythrocyte) and extracellular concentrations of various ions Ion Intracellular Extracellular Na K ,2 Mg ,4 Ca 2+ <10-3 1,2 Cl Ionic composition of body fluids Cations Anions Extracellular fluid Intracellular fluid Na + Ca 2+ Mg 2+ K + Cl HCO 3 Protein -- Phosphate ad organic anions 4

5 Fluid movements Plasma Starling forces Osmosis Insterstitial fluid Osmosis Intracellular fluid Osmosis Net movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane. Movement is towards the compartment containing less water. For osmosis to occur: Solute concentrations in the both sides of the mebrane must be different, Membrane must be semi-permeable to solutes. Osmotically active solute: Solutes that cannot pass the membrane. 5

6 Osmosis Osmolarity and molarity Density of the water depends on the number of solute particles. Total particle number in a solution is OSMOLE. 1 osmole (Osm) = 1 mole solid particle OSMOLE = Number of osmotically active particles OSMOLALITY: osmol/kg (water) OSMOLARITY: osmol/l; Osm/L 6

7 Effect of osmosis Osmotic pressure Pressure that can prevent osmosis through a semi-permeable membrane. Depends on particle density, Proportional with the number of osmotically active particles 7

8 Osmotic balance Osmolarity of body fluids - Measurement Measurement of osmolarity: Cryoscopy 1 mole solute drops the freezing point of the water from 0 to 1.86 o C. Freezing point of the plasma = 0.56 o C; thus 0.3 Osm or 300 mosm. 8

9 Tonicity Effect of osmotic movement of the water to the solution ISOTONIC: Same osmotic pressure as plasma. No net movement between cells and the surrounding fluid. HYPOTONIC: Number of particles is less then plasma; lower osmolarity Net water flow into the cells Hemolysis. HYPERTONIC: Number of particles is more then plasma; higher osmolarity. Puckering of cells (crenation). 9

10 Isotonic solutions Frequently used clinical solutions 0.9% NaCl (saline) 5% Dextrose 1.4% Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) 10

11 Body Fluid Compartments - Summary Body Fluid Compartments - Summary 11

12 Fluid movement Distribution of anions and cations - Summary 12

13 Non-electrolytes of the plasma Colloid osmotic pressure = Oncotic pressure Osmolar substances (almost) Complete List Plasma (mosm/l H2O) Interstitial (mosm/l H2O) Na K Ca Mg Cl HCO HPO4 -, H2PO SO Phosphocreatine 45 Carnosine 14 Amino acids Creatine Lactate ATP 5 Hexosemonophosphate 3.7 Glucose Proteins Urea Others Total mosm/l Corrected osmolar activity (mosm/l) Copyright Total osmotik 2004 Pearson pressure Education, Inc., in publishing 37 0 C as (mmhg) Benjamin Cummings Intracellular (mosm/l H2O) 13

14 That s all for now... 14

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