Mini-emulsion polymers as binder for fire protection coatings

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1 Mini-emulsion polymers as binder for fire protection coatings Barbora Deppe Dirk Kruse, Benjamin Becker, Deppe laf Structural Engineering and Construction Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institute (WKI)

2 verview Mechanism of intumescent coatings Polymerisable saccharide-based monomers Synthesis of acrylic dispersions Thermal behaviour of saccharide-based polymers Fire protection performance Thermal stability of intumescent char Lab scale vs. Small scale fire test Summary

3 Mechanism of intumescent coatings 1. Softening of the binder 2. Release of inorganic acids (from ammonium polyphosphate) (NH 4 P 3 ) n >250 C - n NH 3 dehydrating agent (HP 3 ) n 3. Esterification and carbonization of polyols (pentaerythrit, MDG) (HP 3 ) n + C x (H 2 ) m char former [C] x + (HP 3 ) n.m H 2 4. Gas formation by blowing agent (melamine) H 2 N N NH 2 N N 2 NH N2 + H Foaming of the mixture 6. Hardening through crosslinking reactions NH 2 blowing agent

4 Mechanism of intumescent coatings

5 Polymerisable saccharide-based monomers Glucose CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 acetone H enzyme H H 2 C + C 8 H 17 H H C 8 H 17 H 2 C C 8 H 17 MDG DAG Itaconic acid DI

6 Synthesis of acrylic dispersions monomer, emulsifier, monomer droplet D, hydrophobe H micelle M, initiator I, latex particle L Mini-emulsion I I D M I I L I I I I I I H I H I H I H I H I H

7 Synthesis of acrylic dispersions IFRC Binder Polymerisation Saccharide % D (nm) PDI Zeta Tg ( C) IFRC 1 IFRC 3 A conventional IFRC 2 B mini IFRC 4 C mini IFRC 5 D mini

8 Released Products: < 90 C: H 2 80 C 240 C: acetone from isopropylidene groups > 190 C 270 C: H 2 from condensation reactions Thermal behavior of saccharide-based polymers 83% MDG

9 Reaction of binder with APP without saccharidic moiety with saccharidic moiety

10 Fire protection performance Bunsen burner 1,5 kw Substrate: 2 mm steel sheet Natural gasoline Backside temperature

11 Fire protection performance 3 mm IFRC Binder Polymerisation Saccharide % IFRC 1 IFRC 3 A conventional 45 IFRC 2 B mini 33 IFRC 4 C mini 40 IFRC 5 D mini 0 39 mm IFRC 2 > IFRC 6 > commercial IFRC > IFRC 4 > IFRC 5 > IFRC 3 > IFRC 1

12 Thermal stability of intumescent char

13 Performance of intumescent coatings

14 Lab scale vs. Small scale fire test Steel sheet thickness 5 mm Dry coating thickness 3 mm

15 Lab scale fire test

16 Lab scale fire test y = 23.1x+26.7 y = 11.7x+24.1 Central area higher flame exposure (~ 730 C) higher T under IFRC Border area lower flame exposure (~ 450 C ) lower T under IFRC

17 Small scale fire test m 3 IS 834 standard temperature time curve

18 Small scale fire test y = 38.0x+19.8 y = 24.2x Upper area of steel sheet lower T under IFRC

19 Lab scale vs. Small scale fire test Central point IS 834 Central area

20 Lab scale vs. Small scale fire test IS mm 5 mm 30 mm

21 Summary and next steps Protecting group of saccharide monomer MDG are released during heating Saccharide-containing binders allow intumescence Mini-emulsions polymers showed better fire protection performance Future investigations focus on multifunctional tailor-made binders for intumescent coatings Lab scale fire test suitable for the evaluation of fire protection level of IFRC for the first 30 minutes Further investigations with insulation on the back side will be carried out

22 Acknowledgement Thank you for your attention! for financial support.

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