Biology 12 January 2004 Provincial Examination

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1 Biology 12 January 2004 Provincial Examination ANSWER KEY / SCORING GUIDE CURRICULUM: Organizers 1. Cell Biology 2. Cell Processes and Applications 3. Human Biology Sub-Organizers A, B, C, D E, F, G, H I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P Part A: Multiple Choice Q K C S CO PLO Q K C S CO PLO 1. C K 1 1 A1 35. B U 1 3 J2 2. D K 1 1 A1 36. C K 1 3 J9 3. A U 1 1 A1, C H 1 3 K2, 3, 4 4. C H 1 1, 2 A1; C1; H1 38. B H 1 3 K1 5. C K 1 1 B1 39. A K 1 3 L1; I1 6. D K 1 1 B3 40. A U 1 3 L2 7. B U 1 2, 3 B3; I1 41. D U 1 3 L7 8. B U 1 1 C A U 1 3 L7, 8, 1 9. D H 1 1 C D K 1 3 L8 10. C U 1 1 D1 44. B K 1 3 L5 11. D K 1 1 D3 45. D H 1 3, 1 L8; B3 12. B U 1 1 D1, A H 1 3 M3 13. B K 1 1 D5 47. A U 1 3 M4 14. C U 1 2 E2, D H 1 3 M6, D U 1 2 E2, A K 1 3 N1, A U 1 2 E1 50. C K 1 3 N5, A K 1 2 G3 51. C U 1 3 N4 18. C U 1 2 G4 52. D H 1 3, 2 O1, 2, 3; G7 19. D K 1 2, 3 H1; I2 53. A H 1 3 O1, 2, A K 1 2 H4 54. B U 1 3 O1 21. A H 1 2 H1, A U 1 3 O3, 1; I7 22. C K 1 3 I1 56. B U 1 3 O2 23. A U 1 3 I1, C K 1 3 O2 24. D H 1 3 I1 58. D K 1 3 O2 25. A H 1 3 I2, 7, D U 1 3, 1 O2; A1; C B U 1 3 I2, 1, B U 1 3 O4 27. C U 1 3 I3 61. C U 1 3 O5 28. B U 1 3 I9, 4, D K 1 3 P1 29. C U 1 3 I9 63. A U 1 3 P3, B H 1 3 J1 64. C U 1 3 P7, 8; N5 31. A U 1 3 J5 65. D K 1 3 P8 32. C U 1 3 J5 66. D H 1 3 P10, B K 1 3 J2 67. C H 1 3 P B K 1 3 J2 Multiple Choice = 67 marks 041bik February 24, 2004

2 Part B: Written Response Q B C S CO PLO 1. 1 H 3 2, 1 E1, 2; D U 4 2 G U 4 2 H U 4 3 J U 5 3 M5, U 3 3 P11 Written Response = 23 marks Multiple Choice = 67 (67 questions) Written Response = 23 (6 questions) EXAMINATION TOTAL = 90 marks LEGEND: Q = Question Number B = Score Box Number S = Score K = Keyed Response C = Cognitive Level CO = Curriculum Organizer PLO = Prescribed Learning Outcome 041bik February 24, 2004

3 PART B: WRITTEN RESPONSE Value: 23 marks Suggested Time: 40 minutes Use the following chart to answer question 1. Three-letter codons of messenger RNA and the amino acids specified by the codons AAU AAC Asparagine CAU CAC Histidine GAU GAC Asparatic acid UAU UAC Tyrosine AAA AAG Lysine CAA CAG Glutamine GAA GAG Glutamate UAA UAG Stop ACU ACC ACA ACG Threonine CCU CCC CCA CCG Proline GCU GCC GCA GCG Alanine UCU UCC UCA UCG Serine AGU AGC AGA AGG Serine Arginine CGU CGC CGA CGG Arginine GGU GGC GGA GGG Glycine UGU UGC UGA UGG Cysteine Stop Tryptophan AUU AUC AUA AUG Isoleucine Methionine CUU CUC CUA CUG Leucine GUU GUC GUA GUG Valine UUU UUC UUA UUG Phenylalanine Leucine 1. The following is a DNA base sequence: GCA CCT ATA GGA ACC Explain what would occur during the translation of this gene if ATA underwent a mutation and was converted to A T T. (3 marks) The new base sequence would code for stop. Translation would stop at the indicated DNA triplet. The resulting protein would be too short (only arginine and glycine would be coded). The polypeptide chain would be released from the ribosomes before the entire protein is complete. Ribosomal subunits would separate. Protein would look and function differently (or student gives specific example of a protein which is dysfunctional). The middle codon would now be U A A (or middle trna anticodon would be A U U ). any three for 1 mark each 041bik February 24, 2004

4 2. Compare active transport and facilitated diffusion. (4 marks) Differences: Active transport uses energy and facilitated diffusion does not use energy. Active transport moves molecules against the concentration gradient and facilitated diffusion moves molecules with the concentration gradient. Active transport moves large molecules and facilitated diffusion moves small molecules. Active transport uses vesicles, facilitated diffusion does not use vesicles. Similarities: Both active transport and facilitated diffusion use carrier proteins / gates / channels / pores / pumps. Both active transport and facilitated diffusion involve the movement of ions and small particles. Both require a selectively-permeable membrane or move through a membrane. any four for 1 mark each Note to markers: For full marks, a student must include at least one similarity (or one difference). 041bik February 24, 2004

5 3. Describe two changes that could be made to an enzyme-catalyzed reaction which would result in a decrease in the rate of the reaction. Explain why these changes cause the reaction rate to decrease. (4 marks) The temperature is increased to 100 C and the hydrogen bonds break, changing the shape of the active sites so the substrate can no longer bind to the active sites or denature the enzyme. The addition of a strong acid or strong base results in a disruption of the bonds between R-groups in the enzyme, changing the shape of the active sites so the substrate can no longer bind to the active sites or denature the enzyme. The addition of a heavy metal results in denaturation of the enzyme, changing the shape of the active sites so the substrate can no longer bind to the active sites or denature the enzyme. The addition of a competitive inhibitor binds to the active sites so the substrate can no longer bind to the active sites or it competes with the substrate for the active sites. The addition of a non-competitive inhibitor binds to the enzyme and alters the shape of the active sites so the substrate can no longer bind to the active sites. The temperature is decreased and there are fewer collisions between the enzyme and the substrate so fewer substrate molecules bind to the active sites. The amount of enzyme is reduced so fewer enzyme-substrate complexes are formed or fewer active sites are available. An increase in product alters the active sites of the enzyme through feedback inhibition. any two for 2 marks each 041bik February 24, 2004

6 4. Explain how nutrients and oxygen in the blood move first into the tissue fluids, and then into the cells. Part 1: Oxygen and nutrients diffuse from the blood into the tissue fluids. Blood carrying oxygen and nutrients reaches the capillary bed and slows down. (Blood velocity is lower in the capillary bed). Blood pressure at the arteriole end of the capillary bed is higher than the osmotic pressure. Blood pressure pushes plasma containing oxygen and nutrients into the tissue fluid. Oxygen is released from hemoglobin (red blood cells / blood) at a higher temperature. Oxygen is released from hemoglobin (red blood cells / blood) at a lower ph. Part 2: Oxygen and nutrients diffuse from the tissue fluids into the cells (moving from high to low concentration). Nutrients move by active transport (use ATP). Nutrients move by facilitated diffusion (use protein carriers) into the cells. Nutrients move into the cells by endocytosis (pinocytosis). Water moves by osmosis. (4 marks) Any one for a minimum 1 mark (up to 3 marks) Any one for a minimum 1 mark (up to 3 marks) 041bik February 24, 2004

7 5. Explain how an action potential is passed from one neuron to another. (5 marks) Calcium ions enter the presynaptic membrane. Contractile proteins contract, pulling vesicles toward the presynaptic membrane. Synaptic vesicles attach to the presynaptic membrane and the neurotransmitter molecules are released by exocytosis. The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitter binds with specific receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. Depolarization occurs on the postsynaptic membrane. The neurotransmitter is destroyed by an enzyme (cholinesterase) or reabsorbed back into the presynaptic membrane. any five for 1 mark each 041bik February 24, 2004

8 6. Describe how positive feedback functions in the female reproductive system. (3 marks) Option 1: Posterior pituitary produces oxytocin. (1 mark) Oxytocin causes uterine contractions and milk let-down. (1 mark) Uterine contractions cause production of more oxytocin. (1 mark) OR Option 2: Breast feeding (suckling) stimulates the release of oxytocin. (1 mark) Oxytocin causes milk let-down. (1 mark) Continued suckling causes increased release of oxytocin. (1 mark) OR Option 3: Estrogen released from the follicle increases. (1 mark) A surge of luteinizing hormone occurs during ovulation. (1 mark) There is an increased release of estrogen (from the corpus luteum). (1 mark) OR Option 4: Implanted embryo / zygote / fertilized egg releases human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). (1 mark) There is an increased release of progesterone by the corpus luteum (maintains uterine lining). (1 mark) There is an increased release of HCG by both the embryo and the placenta. (1 mark) END OF KEY 041bik February 24, 2004

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