Pr gyp -TURF. a soil and turf fertility product. S E E S. f u.

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1 Pr gyp -TURF T S E E & GREEN From The Product Line: S S RTS O P TURF By: tured c a f u Man NDSCAPE A L gyp Representative: Contact Pro info@grancominerals.com Toll Free ( ) Local ( ) Fax ( ) Airpark Drive, Petersburg, VA 23803

2 Description Progyp is the highest purity Gypsum available to the turf and landscape industries. Gypsum, is a sulfate mineral composed of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO 4 2H 2 O. It is a chemically-reacted product, manufactured at a 100% dedicated, state-of-the-art synthetic Gypsum operation using the highest purity ingredients. It guarantees production of the highest purity and quality Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate available to the turf and landscape industries. Progyp-Turf provides both key nutrients and improves soil physical and chemical properties - A Soil and Plant Fertility Product. Chemical Name Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (CaSO 4 2H 2 O) Common Names Gypsum Calcium Sulfate Land Plaster Specifications Typical Analysis: Calcium (Ca) 22.5% Combined Sulfur (S) 19% Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (96%) General Properties Appearance: Granulated, tan Bulk Density: lb/cu ft Moisture: <1% ph: 6.6 Benefits Safe to use in all soil and plant applications High purity (96+%) High level of Ca and S Highly available form of Ca and S High solubility rate 200X more available than limestone Moves into soils faster than calcium sulfate anhydrite and limestone Readily taken up by soil and plants Improves soil physical and chemical properties Reduces compaction, erosion, leaching and run-off A source of S that doesn t burn turf Promotes retention and uptake of nutrients Improves plant growth Helps reclaim degraded and high Na, Al and Mg soils Improves disease resistance Granulated to: Improve product uniformity Improve application properties Minimize dustiness and fines

3 Solubility of vs CaSO 4 Anhydrite vs Limestone Measured by Electrical Conductivity (EC) in water 100 % Solubility min 60min 1dy 5dy 10dy 14dy 17dy Limestone Slow rate of solubility. CaSO 4 Anhydrite Intermediate rate of solubility. Pr gyp- TURF Fast rate of solubility with maximum Ca and S available for soils as well as plant growth. Gypsum Is not ph or particle size dependent for optimum solubility and Ca and S availability. Calcitic and Dolomitic Limestone Releases limited Ca and Mg under typical soil conditions. Particle and ph dependent for activity in soils. Application Recommendations Actual application rate depends on your soil test results. To maintain optimal growing conditions, apply Progyp-Turf at 4 pounds per 1,000 ft 2 or 175 pounds per acre monthly through the growing season. Water in thoroughly. To improve soil properties and/or correct for high clay and/or high sodium and magnesium soils: apply Progyp-Turf from 11 to 22 pounds per 1000 ft 2 (500 to 1000 pounds per acre) to maintain good soil properties, from 45 to 115 pounds per 1000 ft 2 (2000 to 5000 pounds per acre) to correct for the level of clay in soils and 45 to 140 pounds per 1000 ft 2 (2000 to 6000 pounds per acre) to correct for the level of sodium and/or magnesium in soils. Water in thoroughly. Size Before Granulation 100% passing.. 8 mesh 98% passing mesh 95% passing mesh 77% passing mesh 70% passing mesh 65% passing mesh 55% passing mesh 45% passing. 200 mesh

4 Using Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) to Recommend Progyp-Turf Application Rates In soil science, CEC is the maximum quantity of total cations, of any class, that a soil is capable of holding, at a given ph value, available for exchange with the soil solution. CEC is used as a measure of fertility and nutrient retention capacity. It is expressed as milliequivalent of hydrogen per 100 g of dry soil (meq+/100g). Clay and organic matter have electrostatic surface charges that attract the solution ions, and hold them. This holding capacity varies for the different clay types and clay-blends present in soil, and is very dependent of the proportion of clay and organic matter that is present in a particular soil. In general, the higher the CEC number the higher the soil fertility. The CEC can give insight into soil quality and site characteristics. Higher CEC likely indicates more clay, poor internal drainage, limited structure and soil compaction in high traffic areas. Low CEC is indicative of sandy textured soils prone to drought that invariably needs more organic matter to improve water holding capacity, but have open grainy structure that resist compaction. The following table provides Progyp-Turf application rates that are recommended to maintain or improve the physical and chemical properties of soils. CEC Texture Soil Characteristics App. Rates lb/1000 ft 2 (lb/acre) Progyp-Turf Purpose <10 Sand Low organic matter, leachable soils, low nutrient and moisture holding capacity ( ) Source of Ca and S to replace leachable nutrients and support plant growth Sandy loam More desirable soil, higher clay content, improved nutrient and moisture holding capacity, more structure. 45 (2000) Source of Ca and S to support plant growth and improve soils Loam Ideal soil from a texture standpoint, higher organic matter content, more structure, improved nutrient and moisture holding capacity. 68 (3000) Source of Ca and S to support plant growth and improve soils Clay loam Higher clay content, tight soil structure restricts subsoil movement, increases compaction and nutrient run-off, soil improvement and aggregation needed. 92 (4000) Source of Ca and S to support plant growth and improve soils. >25 Clay Tight soil structure due to high clay content, restricts subsoil movement, increases compaction and nutrient run-off, soil improvement and aggregation needed. 115 (5000) Source of Ca and S to support plant growth and improve soils. Special conditions: High sodic soils, 1 to 5 tons/acre, high magnesium soils, 2 to 5 tons/acre

5 Pr gyp- TURF Comparing Progyp-Turf and Limestone for Soil and Turf Application Progyp-Turf and limestone differ in physical and chemical profile, function, solubility, availability, reactivity and nutrient profile (refer to table). Unlike limestone, the nutrients in Progyp-Turf are ready for immediate uptake and use by soils and plants. However, they may complement each other if applied together. The Progyp-Turf can provide readily available Ca and S that moves rapidly into the subsoil while limestone is neutralizing the acidity in the soils and providing metered release of Ca. Of course, if soil ph is high consider adding only Progyp-Turf. The nutrients and processes of both materials in soils can help support improved physical and chemical soil properties and plant performance. Factor Solubility Highly soluble in water Ca and S is available immediately in soils Limestone Not soluble in water acidity is required to react in soils and to transition to a form of Ca that is available ph Particle Size/Surface Area Dependent Rate of Reaction Nutrients Impurities Application Has no effect on soil ph or reducing acidity Only source of S that does not effect soil ph Not soil ph dependent Not particle size dependent Particle size of product will not effect activity in soil Readily solubilizes in soils into Ca and SO 4 ions that can be taken-up immediately by soils and plants CaSO 4 2H 2 O Provides Ca and SO 4 immediately into soils 1 ton/acre of Progyp provides 480 lbs/acre of available Ca and 350 lbs/acre of available S (based on 100% solubility) Progyp has no impurities rapid change in water to available ion form Suitable for no-till or incorporation into soils SO 4 2- Ca 2+ Carbonate neutralizes the acidity in soils Solubility increases with a decline in ph Limestone is not needed in high ph soils can effect nutrient availability/plant growth Activity in soils is highly dependent on particle size increase in reactivity with a reduction in particle size Rate of solubility in soils > 10 mesh, 4yrs, 0% 10 to 50 mesh, 4yrs, 50% < 50 mesh, 4yrs, 100% Slow reaction a transition process that dependents on many factors in product and soils Lime Credit/Soil Test - allowances for previous lime applications made within the past 2 years 1-6 mo., 25% solubilized 7-12 mo., 50% solubilized mo., 75% solubilized >18 mo., 100% solubilized Provides Ca must transition in soils before it becomes available 1 ton/acre of calcitic limestone provides 190 lbs/acre of available Ca (based on 25% solubility in 6 mo.) 1 ton/acre of dolomitic limestone provides 115 lbs/acre of available Ca (based on 25% solubility in 6 mo.) Can affect the neutralizing value and Ca availability Mined sources have impurities No-till application results in slow change in ph and Ca availability - Reacts faster if incorporated into soils Make sure soils need liming - high ph can reduce nutrient availability and plant growth Products Calcium sulfate dihydrate is 200X more soluble than limestone and faster soluble than calcium sulfate anhydrite Calcitic limestone (high Ca) reacts faster in soils than dolomitic limestone (Ca and Mg)

6 Why Soils Deficient in Sulfur Are Increasing Sulfur Deposition by Precipitation Sulfate Ion Wet Deposition Decreased sulfur deposition from rain/air. Emissions of sulfur dioxide from coal fired power plants have decreased, resulting in less sulfur coming from the atmosphere. National Atmospheric Deposition Program/ National Trends Network

7 Ca and S Requirement Ca helps plants absorb nutrients better. Ca is a nutrient carrier in both the soil and turfgrass. In the soil, it helps control water movement and conductivity which means it can deliver more nutrients. In turfgrass, Ca helps regulate water and nutrient uptake by the roots and movement through the plant. Ca aids cell division and cell wall formation and is critical for respiration during high heat and humidity periods. A Ca deficiency in turfgrass could result in poor root development and limited response to N and iron applications. S is present in certain amino acids, proteins, membranes, and coenzymes. In the absence of S, turfgrass exhibits a chlorosis that frequently occurs as an intense yellow color. It may look similar to N and/or iron deficiencies. S enhances color, density and growth. S helps N to be used efficiently. Also, S reduces disease in turfgrass. Causes of S deficiency in turfgrass: High-performance varieties use more S Reduced atmospheric S deposition Declining S reserves in soil due to loss of organic matter, leaching of S in soils and turfgrass removal of S % Solubility Solubility of Progyp-Turf vs CaSO 4 Anhydrite vs Limestone Measured by Electrical Conductivity (EC) in water Pr gyp TURF fertility a soil product and turf FOR green-up and healthy growth in turfgrass Grass, like all green plants, captures energy from the sun and converts the energy into sugars and carbohydrates, which it eventually uses, along with plant nutrients and minerals for cell division or growth, development and reproduction. N helps give turf its green color and promotes both root and shoot growth. P is used for root development and K promotes disease resistance, winter hardiness, drought and foot tolerance. Ca and S supports green-up and healthy growth in turfgrass. 1min 60min 1dy 5dy 10dy 14dy 17dy Limestone CaSO 4 Anhydrite TurfGyp + Recommended Application Rate/Monthly through Growing Season/Water in Thoroughly Depends on soil test, tissue analysis, nutrient removal, disease potential and soil conditions. Product lb/1000 sq ft (lb/acre) Ca lb/1000 sq ft (lb/acre) S lb/1000 sq ft (lb/acre) 4 (175) 0.9 (39) 0.76 (33)

8 The need for Vital Nutrients 16 S Sulfur Product and Nutrient Summary Application Rates Product lbs/acre S lbs/acre 100 (0.05 ton) (0.25 ton) (0.50 ton) (1.0 ton) ( 1.5 ton) (2.0 ton) (2.5 ton) 950 Almost 95% of all plant material is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The remaining 5% constitutes mineral elements, which we call nutrients. While nitrogen, phosphate and potash are considered primary nutrients no less important are the secondary nutrients and micro-nutrients. Simply having these nutrients in the soil is not enough to ensure healthy, productive plant growth. The nutrients must be available, and in the correct ratios and forms. Additionally, the yield of a crop is limited by the deficient or insufficient supply, of any one nutrient, even though all other necessary nutrients are present in adequate amounts law of relative minimum. Supplies Sulfur (S) Sulfur (S) analysis: 19% Plant available form: SO 4 2 (anion) sulfate ion form. Product: water-soluble/plant available source of sulfur. Product: 200X more soluble than limestone/faster rate of solubility than CaSO 4 Anhydrite. Readily available sulfur in soil for plant growth. Source of sulfur that will not burn plants. Product: No effect on ph in soils/only source of sulfur that will not lower soil ph. High solubility allows sulfur to readily and deeply penetrate soil, good for no-till crops. Sulfur is critical for making protein and sulfur-containing amino acids and nitrogen fixing plants. A catalyst in chlorophyll production. Sulfur ranks equal to nitrogen for optimizing crop yield and quality. High nitrogen requirement must have adequate sulfur to optimize nitrogen utilization. Replaces declining sulfur reserves in soils from organic matter, erosion, leaching, loss of atmospheric S deposition and crop removal. Sulfur (S) deficiency is characterized by stunted growth, delayed maturity and general yellowing of plants. Yellowed plants are also characteristic of nitrogen deficiency. However, unlike nitrogen deficiency which begins in the older leaves and progresses up the plant, sulfur deficiency symptoms begin in the young, upper leaves first. Sulfur deficiencies are often misdiagnosed as nitrogen problems.

9 - TURF 20 Ca Calcium The need for Vital Nutrients Almost 95% of all plant material is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The remaining 5% constitutes mineral elements, which we call nutrients. While nitrogen, phosphate and potash are considered primary nutrients no less important are the secondary nutrients and micro-nutrients. Simply having these nutrients in the soil is not enough to ensure healthy, productive plant growth. The nutrients must be available, and in the correct ratios and forms. Additionally, the yield of a crop is limited by the deficient or insufficient supply, of any one nutrient, even though all other necessary nutrients are present in adequate amounts law of relative minimum. Product and Nutrient Summary Supplies Calcium (Ca) Calcium (Ca) analysis: 24% Plant available form: Ca 2+ (cation) - Calcium ion form. Product: water-soluble/plant available source of calcium. Product: 200X more soluble than limestone/faster rate of solubility than CaSO 4 Anhydrite. Readily available calcium in soil is passively taken up by the plant expending less energy. High cation exchange capacity that improves the physical and chemical properties of soils. Product: No effect on ph in soils. High solubility allows calcium to readily and deeply penetrate soil, good for no-till crops. Calcium is a constituent of cell walls and membranes in plants to support structural soundness and is involved in production of new growing points and root tips. Maintains proper Ca:Mg ratio (5:1) in soils. Aids in carbohydrate translocation and nitrogen absorption. Root tips require soluble calcium in soils as calcium is not transported from other plant tissues. Plant essential nutrient. Calcium deficiency symptoms appear in the meristem regions (new growth) of leaves, stems, buds and roots. Younger leaves are affected first and are usually deformed. In extreme cases, the growing tips die. The leaves of some plants hook downward and exhibit marginal necrosis. Roots on calcium-deficient plants are short and stubby. Poor fruit development. Application Rates Product lbs/acre Ca lbs/acre 100 (0.05 ton) (0.25 ton) (0.50 ton) (1.0 ton) ( 1.5 ton) (2.0 ton) (2.5 ton) 1200 UFT UNITED FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGIES

10 Turf-Gyp TURF phoenix ARIZONA Foliar Nutrients (%) Applications: 7, 9 and 12lb/1000 sq ft of Turf-Gyp+ was applied to turf plots and soil remediation. Results: Turf-Gyp+ was highly remediation properties. Conclusion: This work is supportive of using Turf-Gyp+ to optimize turf and soil growing properties, especially when remediating soils high in Na, total salts and bicarbonate. Soil Salts - Saturated Paste (ppm) Soil Nutrients Saturated Paste (%) Soil Nutrients - Base Saturation (%) Soil Nutrients - Base Saturation (ppm)

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