Overview of Gastroenterology

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Overview of Gastroenterology"

Transcription

1 Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology HST.121: Gastroenterology, Fall 2005 Instructors: Dr. Jonathan Glickman Overview of Gastroenterology

2 Gastroenterology Made Really Simple! Food Waste Nutrients

3 The Basic Structure Image removed due to copyright reasons.

4 The Propulsion System: Driven by the Muscles Periodic phasic contractions Food Waste Nutrients Local tonic contractions (sphincters)

5 The Neural Control System: The Brain in the Gut ACh Mucosa NE NE Muscularis Mucosae Submucosal plexus ACh Circular muscle NE Myenteric plexus ACh Longitudinal muscle Parasympathetic nerves (Vagus/Pelvic) Sympathetic ganglia

6 The Neurocrine Effectors Peptide Actions Acetylcholine (ACh) Norepinephrine (NE) Vasoactive intestinal peptice (VIP) Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, bombesin) Smooth muscle contraction Sphincter relaxation Increased salivary, gastric, and pancreatic secretions Smooth muscle relaxation Sphincter contraction Increased salivary secretion Smooth muscle relaxaton Increased intestinal and pancreatic secretions Increased gastrin secretion Enkephalins Substance P Neuropeptide Y Smooth muscle contraction Decreased intestinal secretions Smooth muscle contraction Increased salivary secretions Smooth muscle relaxation Decreased intestinal secretions

7 The hormonal control system Hormone Stimuli Site of secretion Actions Gastrin Vagal stimulation Gastric distension Peptide and amino acids G cells (stomach) Stimulation of gastric acid secretion Growth of gastric mucosa Cholecystokinin (CCK) Fatty acids Peptide and amino acids I cells (duodenum and jejunum) Pancreatic enzyme, HCO3 secretion Gallbladder contraction Inhibition of gastric emptying Secretin Fatty acids Duodenal motility S cells (duodenum) Pancreatic enzyme, HCO3 secretion Inhibition of gastrin, acid secretion Ghrelin Fasting Stomach Stimulates appetite (CNS) Glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) Fatty acids, amino acids Oral glucose L cells (duodenum and jejunum) Satiety (CNS) Inhibition of acid secretion Stimulation of insulin secretion

8

9 Gut-brain hormonal interactions Image removed due to copyright reasons.

10 Salivary Secretion Acinus Alpha-Amylase Kallikrein Mucus Electrolytes Na H Cl Na Duct Na, Cl K, HCO 3 HCO 3 H K Cl K Hypotonic saliva

11 Gastric Secretions Mucous cells Mucus Pepsinogen Gastric Lipase NE cells HCl IF Parietal cells Chief cells Hormones

12 Biliary Secretion Water and electrolytes (CCK) Water and electrolytes Cholesterol & bile acids (Secretin) Bile acids

13 Pancreatic Secretions Acinus Alpha-Amylase Lipases Proteases K Na Centroacinar Cells Cl Na Duct HCO 3 H Bicarbonate Carbonic Anhydrase H 2 CO 3 Basic Pancreatic Secretions Na H 2 O + CO 2 Paracellular

14 Carbohydrate Digestion 1:6 glucosidic link 1:4 glucosidic link Maltose Alpha-limit dextrin Maltotriose Alpha-amylase breaks 1:4 linkages except at either end of starch molecules. This results in the production of three simple sugars as shown above.

15 Overview of Carbohydrate Digestion Starch Maltose Dextrin Maltotriose Dextrinase Lactose Lactase Sucrose Sucrase Maltase Glucose Sucrase Glucose Galactose Glucose Fructose

16 Overview of Protein Digestion Pepsinogen Pepsin Low ph Trypsinogen Trypsin B. B. Enterokinase Trypsinogen Chymotryp. Proelastase Procarboxy. Trypsin Trypsin Trypsin Trypsin Trypsin Chymotrypsin Elastase Carboxypeptidase

17 Overview of Protein Digestion Stomach Small Intestine Proteins Proteins Pepsin Trypsin, et al. Amino acids Oligopeptides Oligopeptides Amino acids Amino acids Dipeptides Tripeptides B. B. Peptidases

18 Overview of Lipid Digestion Triglycerides Phospholipids Chol. Ester Lipases Phospholipase A 2 Chol. ester hydrolase Monoglyceride Fatty Acids Lysolecithin Fatty Acids Cholesterol Fatty Acids

Bio& 242 Unit 1 / Lecture 4

Bio& 242 Unit 1 / Lecture 4 Bio& 242 Unit 1 / Lecture 4 system: Gastric hormones GASTRIN: Secretion: By enteroendocrine (G) in gastric pits of the mucosa. Stimulus: Stomach distention and acid ph of chyme causes Gastrin. Action:

More information

Digestive Lecture Test Questions Set 4

Digestive Lecture Test Questions Set 4 Digestive Lecture Test Questions Set 4 1. Which of the following is not associated directly with the small intestine: a. villi b. circular folds c. microvilli d. haustrae e. secretin 2. The largest (longest)

More information

Digestion and absorption (I)

Digestion and absorption (I) Digestion and absorption (I) Jane Chao 1 Gastrointestinal tract upper gastrointestinal tract mouth pharynx esophagus stomach lower gastrointestinal tract small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) cecum

More information

Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology. Bio 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross

Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology. Bio 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology Bio 219 Napa Valley College Dr. Adam Ross Functions of digestive system Digestion Breakdown of food (chemically) using enzymes, acid, and water Absorption Nutrients,

More information

University of Buea. Faculty of Health Sciences. Programme in Medicine

University of Buea. Faculty of Health Sciences. Programme in Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Wednesday, 28 th January 2009 Time: 8 00-10 00 Programme in Medicine MED 303 (Gastrointestinal Physiology) EXAMS (2008-2009) Identify the letter of the choice

More information

Chapter 15 Gastrointestinal System

Chapter 15 Gastrointestinal System Chapter 15 Gastrointestinal System Dr. LL Wang E-mail: wanglinlin@zju.edu.cn Rm 608, Block B, Research Building, School of Medicine, Zijingang Campus Pancreatic Secretion The exocrine cells in the pancreas

More information

Lecture Overview. ** Digestive System ** (cont d) A&P II Lecture Notes Pages

Lecture Overview. ** Digestive System ** (cont d) A&P II Lecture Notes Pages ** Digestive System ** (cont d) A&P II Lecture Notes Pages 103-111 Lecture Overview Gall Bladder/Ducts Pancreas GI Tract Movements Chemistry of Digestion Secretion and Absorption Metabolism 2 Liver, Bile

More information

BIO 139 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

BIO 139 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM BIO 139 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM MARY CATHERINE FLATH, Ph.D. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ORGANS MOUTH PHARYNX ESOPHAGUS STOMACH SMALL INTESTINE LARGE INTESTINE SALIVARY GLANDS PANCREAS LIVER

More information

Physiology Unit 4 DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY

Physiology Unit 4 DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY Physiology Unit 4 DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY In Physiology Today Functions Motility Ingestion Mastication Deglutition Peristalsis Secretion 7 liters/day! Exocrine/endocrine Digestion Absorption Digestion of

More information

Topic No. & Title: Topic 8 Digestion & Absorption of Dietary Components

Topic No. & Title: Topic 8 Digestion & Absorption of Dietary Components [Academic Script] Digestion & Absorption of Dietary Components Subject: Zoology Course: B.Sc. 2 nd Year Paper No. & Title: Z-202B Physiology Topic No. & Title: Topic 8 Digestion & Absorption of Dietary

More information

Soft palate elevates, closing off the nasopharynx. Hard palate Tongue Bolus Epiglottis. Glottis Larynx moves up and forward.

Soft palate elevates, closing off the nasopharynx. Hard palate Tongue Bolus Epiglottis. Glottis Larynx moves up and forward. The Cephalic Phase Chemical and mechanical digestion begins in the mouth Saliva is an exocrine secretion Salivary secretion is under autonomic control Softens and lubricates food Chemical digestion: salivary

More information

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TYPES OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS Ingested food may be stored or first subjected to physical fragmentation Chemical digestion occurs next Hydrolysis reactions liberate the subunit molecules

More information

Chapter 20 The Digestive System Exam Study Questions

Chapter 20 The Digestive System Exam Study Questions Chapter 20 The Digestive System Exam Study Questions 20.1 Overview of GI Processes 1. Describe the functions of digestive system. 2. List and define the four GI Processes: 20.2 Functional Anatomy of the

More information

- Most nutrients are absorbed before reaching the ileum. - Colon is responsible for final removal of electrolytes and water.

- Most nutrients are absorbed before reaching the ileum. - Colon is responsible for final removal of electrolytes and water. University of Jordan Department of physiology and Biochemistry Gastro-Intestinal physiology, Medical, Pt III. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Academic year:

More information

c.uma sankar.kanchipuram.

c.uma sankar.kanchipuram. NAME: GLOBAL COACHING CENTRE XII STANDARD BIO ZOOLOGY DIGESTION ONE MARK PRACTICE PAPER 1. serves to transfer organic molecules, salts and water from the external environment to the body s internal environment.

More information

Chapter 20 The Digestive System Exam Study Questions

Chapter 20 The Digestive System Exam Study Questions Chapter 20 The Digestive System Exam Study Questions 20.1 Overview of GI Processes 1. Describe the functions of digestive system. 2. List and define the four GI Processes: 20.2 Functional Anatomy of the

More information

Chapter 26 The Digestive System

Chapter 26 The Digestive System Chapter 26 The Digestive System Digestive System Gastroenterology is the study of the stomach and intestine. Digestion Catabolism Absorption Anabolism The actions of the digestive system are controlled

More information

Digestion and Absorption

Digestion and Absorption Digestion and Absorption General Considerations - No absorption in esophagus, little in the stomach and vast majority of absorption occurs in small intestine. - The small intestine has specialized structures

More information

Introduction to Digestion. Dr.sofiabadi 2015 qums

Introduction to Digestion. Dr.sofiabadi 2015 qums Introduction to Digestion Dr.sofiabadi 2015 qums Digestive System is composed of: 1-Digestive tract AND 2- Accessory Organs Digestive System The primary function of the gastrointestinal (alimentary) tract

More information

Class XI Chapter 16 Digestion and Absorption Biology

Class XI Chapter 16 Digestion and Absorption Biology Question 1: Choose the correct answer among the following: (a) Gastric juice contains (i) pepsin, lipase and rennin (ii) trypsin lipase and rennin (iii) trypsin, pepsin and lipase (iv) trypsin, pepsin

More information

Why would fatty foods aggravate the patient s RUQ pain? What effect does cholecystokinin (CCK) have on gastric emptying?

Why would fatty foods aggravate the patient s RUQ pain? What effect does cholecystokinin (CCK) have on gastric emptying? CASE 28 A 43-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with the acute onset of abdominal pain. Her pain is located to the right upper quadrant (RUQ) and radiates to the right shoulder. She reports

More information

Energy, Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

Energy, Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Phosphorylation Hydrolysis Energy, Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Chapter 2 (selections) What is Energy? Energy is the capacity to do work Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Chemical Bond Energy Like a rechargeable

More information

The process of digestion is accomplished by mechanical & chemical processes:- The buccal cavity performs two major functions, mastication of food &

The process of digestion is accomplished by mechanical & chemical processes:- The buccal cavity performs two major functions, mastication of food & The process of digestion is accomplished by mechanical & chemical processes:- The buccal cavity performs two major functions, mastication of food & facilitation of swallowing. The teeth & the tongue with

More information

Question 1: Choose the correct answer among the following: (a) Gastric juice contains (i) pepsin, lipase and rennin (ii) trypsin lipase and rennin (iii) trypsin, pepsin and lipase (iv) trypsin, pepsin

More information

Digestive System Processes *

Digestive System Processes * OpenStax-CNX module: m44742 1 Digestive System Processes * OpenStax This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this section, you

More information

Abdulrahman Alhanbali. Lojayn Salah. Mohammad Khatatbeh. 1 P a g e

Abdulrahman Alhanbali. Lojayn Salah. Mohammad Khatatbeh. 1 P a g e 7 Abdulrahman Alhanbali Lojayn Salah Mohammad Khatatbeh 1 P a g e In this lecture we will talk about digestion and absorption of food in the alimentary tract. But first of all we have some important points

More information

GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DAR ES SALAAM TANZANIA

GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DAR ES SALAAM TANZANIA GASTROINTESTINAL PHYSIOLOGY PHYSIOLOGY DEPARTMENT KAMPALA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DAR ES SALAAM TANZANIA Anatomy of the GI Tract The GI tract is essentially a hollow tube connecting the mouth to the anus.

More information

BIO 132 Anatomy and Physiology II Spring, 2016 Exam 1 Name: BIO 132 ID Number. Section 1 Answer questions 1 40 on the scan sheet.

BIO 132 Anatomy and Physiology II Spring, 2016 Exam 1 Name: BIO 132 ID Number. Section 1 Answer questions 1 40 on the scan sheet. BIO 132 Anatomy and Physiology II Spring, 2016 Exam 1 Name: BIO 132 ID Number Section 1 Answer questions 1 40 on the scan sheet. 1. The homeostatic value of a particular controlled variable in the body

More information

1-It is to prevent back flow of fecal content from colon into small intestine.

1-It is to prevent back flow of fecal content from colon into small intestine. Function of the ileocecal valve: 1-It is to prevent back flow of fecal content from colon into small intestine. 2-The wall of the ileum for several centimeters preceding valve has a thickened muscular

More information

For more information about how to cite these materials visit

For more information about how to cite these materials visit Author: John Williams, M.D., Ph.D., 2009 License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike 3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

More information

The digestive system consists of an alimentary canal and several accessory organs. The Digestive System

The digestive system consists of an alimentary canal and several accessory organs. The Digestive System The digestive system consists of an alimentary canal and several accessory organs. The Digestive System The Digestive System The digestive system mechanically and chemically breaks down food. Mechanical

More information

Physiology 12. Overview. The Gastrointestinal Tract. Germann Ch 19

Physiology 12. Overview. The Gastrointestinal Tract. Germann Ch 19 Physiology 12 The Gastrointestinal Tract Germann Ch 19 Overview 1 Basic functions of the GI tract Digestion Secretion Absorption Motility Basic functions of the GI tract Digestion: : Dissolving and breaking

More information

Section Coordinator: Jerome W. Breslin, PhD, Assistant Professor of Physiology, MEB 7208, ,

Section Coordinator: Jerome W. Breslin, PhD, Assistant Professor of Physiology, MEB 7208, , IDP Biological Systems Gastrointestinal System Section Coordinator: Jerome W. Breslin, PhD, Assistant Professor of Physiology, MEB 7208, 504-568-2669, jbresl@lsuhsc.edu Overall Learning Objectives 1. Characterize

More information

Gastrointestinal Physiology

Gastrointestinal Physiology 190 Board Review Series: Physiology chapter 6 Gastrointestinal Physiology I. STRUCTURE AND INNERVATION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT A. Structure of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (Figure 6-1) 1. Epithelial

More information

Gastrointestinal Physiology. Secretion

Gastrointestinal Physiology. Secretion Gastrointestinal Physiology Secretion Fig. 24.26 Functions Provided by secretory glands which serve 2 functions: - Digestive enzymes. - Lubrication and protection of the mucosa. Types of secretory structures

More information

Ques*ons. Ques*ons 4/11/12. Which macromolecule has the highest energy content?

Ques*ons. Ques*ons 4/11/12. Which macromolecule has the highest energy content? Ques*ons Which macromolecule has the highest energy content? How have herbivores adapted to the demands of a largely cellulose diet? Ques*ons Describe the ac*on of the carnassial teeth in carnivores. How

More information

Digestive System. Part 3

Digestive System. Part 3 Digestive System Part 3 Digestion Ingested materials must be broken down for absorption Majority of absorption in small intestine Water and alcohol in stomach mucosa Some salts and vitamins in large intestine

More information

Topic 9: Digestion and Metabolism

Topic 9: Digestion and Metabolism Topic 9: Digestion and Metabolism LO1: Describe the major function of the digestive system, and the main processes involved What is digestion? Food we eat contains a variety of nutrients- used for building

More information

Chapter 14: The Digestive System

Chapter 14: The Digestive System Chapter 14: The Digestive System Digestive system consists of Muscular tube (digestive tract) alimentary canal Accessory organs teeth, tongue, glandular organs 6 essential activities 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

More information

L1, 2 : Biochemical Aspects of Digestion of Lipids, Proteins, and Carbohydrates

L1, 2 : Biochemical Aspects of Digestion of Lipids, Proteins, and Carbohydrates L1, 2 : Biochemical Aspects of Digestion of Lipids, Proteins, and Carbohydrates OBJECTIVES: Understand the process of digestion of dietary lipids, protein and carbohydrates including, the organs involved,

More information

All organisms must obtain and process essential nutrients (food) *** Exception: Venus Fly Traps undergo photosynthesis but needs source of nitrogen

All organisms must obtain and process essential nutrients (food) *** Exception: Venus Fly Traps undergo photosynthesis but needs source of nitrogen All organisms must obtain and process essential nutrients (food) AUTOTROPHS self feeder makes their own food eg. Plants do not require a digestive tract *** Exception: Venus Fly Traps undergo photosynthesis

More information

Overview of digestion or, gut reactions - to food

Overview of digestion or, gut reactions - to food Key concepts in Digestion. Indigestion module Overview of digestion or, gut reactions - to food Prof. Barry Campbell Gastroenterology Cellular & Molecular Physiology e-mail: bjcampbl@liv.ac.uk http://pcwww.liv.ac.uk/~bjcampbl

More information

Digestion, Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Nutrients

Digestion, Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Nutrients Digestion, Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Nutrients (Session 6) Mohsen Karamati Department of Nutrition Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran E-mail: karamatim@varastegan.ac.ir

More information

The Digestive System. What is the advantage of a one-way gut? If you swallow something, is it really inside you?

The Digestive System. What is the advantage of a one-way gut? If you swallow something, is it really inside you? The Digestive System What is the advantage of a one-way gut?! If you swallow something, is it really inside you? Functions and Processes of the Digestive System: Move nutrients, water, electrolytes from

More information

Overview. Physiology 1. The Gastrointestinal Tract. Guyton section XI

Overview. Physiology 1. The Gastrointestinal Tract. Guyton section XI Overview Physiology 1 The Gastrointestinal Tract Guyton section XI Basic functions of the GI tract Digestion Secretion Absorption Motility Basic functions of the GI tract Digestion: : Dissolving and breaking

More information

Overview of digestion or, gut reactions - to food

Overview of digestion or, gut reactions - to food 1 Key concepts in Digestion. Indigestion module Overview of digestion or, gut reactions to food Prof. Barry Campbell Gastroenterology Cellular & Molecular Physiology email: bjcampbl@liv.ac.uk http://pcwww.liv.ac.uk/~bjcampbl

More information

Chapter 9: Digestion Review Assignment

Chapter 9: Digestion Review Assignment _ Date: Mark: /45 Chapter 9: Digestion Review Assignment 45 Multiple Choice = 45 Marks Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following roles do

More information

Biology 12 Unit 5 Pretest

Biology 12 Unit 5 Pretest Biology Unit 5 Pretest Name: Date: Block:. Chewing aids digestion by A. stimulating release of bile B. increasing surface area of food C. breaking up polymers into monomers D. stimulating water absorption.

More information

Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look

Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look Bởi: OpenStaxCollege As you have learned, the process of mechanical digestion is relatively simple. It involves the physical breakdown of food but does

More information

2. SECRETIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT

2. SECRETIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT 2. SECRETIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT SECRETORY GLANDS AND CELLS The alimentary tract produces a large variety and quantity of substances which contribute to digesting the food, and protecting and regulating

More information

2. SECRETIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT

2. SECRETIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT 2. SECRETIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT SECRETORY GLANDS AND CELLS The alimentary tract produces a large variety and quantity of substances which contribute to digesting the food, and protecting and regulating

More information

Our gut reactions to food or, gut reactions - to food

Our gut reactions to food or, gut reactions - to food Key concepts in Digestion. Our gut reactions to food or, gut reactions to food Prof. Barry Campbell Cellular & Molecular Physiology email: bjcampbl@liv.ac.uk http://pcwww.liv.ac.uk/~bjcampbl Swallowing

More information

/30/17 Ch 8: Muscular System 1. Table of Contents # Date Title Page # 03/13/17 Ch 10: Somatic and Special Senses 53

/30/17 Ch 8: Muscular System 1. Table of Contents # Date Title Page # 03/13/17 Ch 10: Somatic and Special Senses 53 Table of Contents # Date Title Page # 1. 01/30/17 Ch 8: Muscular System 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 02/14/17 Ch 9: Nervous System 12 03/13/17 Ch 10: Somatic and Special Senses 53 03/27/17 Ch 11: Endocrine System

More information

Bio 104 Digestive System

Bio 104 Digestive System 13 Lecture Outline: Digestive System Hole s HAP [Chapters 17 & 18] General Characteristics of the Alimentary Canal A. Functions 1. Ingestion 2. Mechanical digestion 3. Chemical digestion 4. Propulsion

More information

Sphincters heartburn diaphragm The Stomach gastric glands pepsin, chyme The Small Intestine 1-Digestion Is Completed in the Small Intestine duodenum

Sphincters heartburn diaphragm The Stomach gastric glands pepsin, chyme The Small Intestine 1-Digestion Is Completed in the Small Intestine duodenum Sphincters are muscles that encircle tubes and act as valves. The tubes close when the sphincters contract and they open when the sphincters relax. When food or saliva is swallowed, the sphincter relaxes

More information

Chapter 8: Digestion. Structure and Functions of Digestive Organs Macronutrients Digestive Enzymes

Chapter 8: Digestion. Structure and Functions of Digestive Organs Macronutrients Digestive Enzymes Chapter 8: Digestion Structure and Functions of Digestive Organs Macronutrients Digestive Enzymes What organisms need Digestion? Heterotrophs - rely on ingestion of organic molecules for production of

More information

The gallbladder. Bile secretion:

The gallbladder. Bile secretion: The gallbladder is a thin walled green muscular sac on the inferior surface of the liver. The gallbladder stores bile that is not immediately needed for digestion and concentrates it. When the muscular

More information

HSC 206. GI PHYSIOLOGY. Introduction. Nervous Control of the GI Tract. Structure of the GI Tract. Paracrine Regulation of the GI Tract

HSC 206. GI PHYSIOLOGY. Introduction. Nervous Control of the GI Tract. Structure of the GI Tract. Paracrine Regulation of the GI Tract HSC 206. GI PHYSIOLOGY Introduction GI Tract Digest and Absorb Nutrients. This is achieved by its Motility and, Secretions To remain protected, GI tract has various defence mechanisms 1 2 Structure of

More information

Gastrointestinal physiology

Gastrointestinal physiology Gastrointestinal physiology General principal of gastrointestinal function Characteristic of the GI wall Mucosa: Epithelium; varies at different part of GI Lamina propria; connective tissue Glands, lymph

More information

Lab #12: Digestive Physiology

Lab #12: Digestive Physiology Background In order for the nutrients in food to be absorbed, they must first be broken down into particles that are small enough to be transported through carrier proteins into the epithelial cells that

More information

Includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus. Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus. Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas Chapter 14 The Digestive System and Nutrition Digestive System Brings Nutrients Into the Body The digestive system includes Gastrointestinal (GI) tract (hollow tube) Lumen: space within this tube Includes

More information

Nutrients, Enzymes and Digestion Lesson 4: Digestion and Absorption. Digestive Tract and Accessory Organs

Nutrients, Enzymes and Digestion Lesson 4: Digestion and Absorption. Digestive Tract and Accessory Organs Nutrients, Enzymes and Digestion Lesson 4: Digestion and Absorption Digestive Tract and Accessory Organs http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter26/animation organs_of_digestion.html

More information

GI Secretion 1: Salivary and Gastric Secretion Jack Grider, Ph.D.

GI Secretion 1: Salivary and Gastric Secretion Jack Grider, Ph.D. GI Secretion 1: Salivary and Gastric Secretion Jack Grider, Ph.D. OBJECTIVES: 1. List the volumes of secretion by various regions. 2. Predict the components of salivary secretion at different flow rates.

More information

Nutrition. Autotrophs. plants, some protists & bacteria producers

Nutrition. Autotrophs. plants, some protists & bacteria producers Nutrition Autotrophs plants, some protists & bacteria producers Nutrition Heterotrophs animals, fungi, some protists & bacteria consumers Animal Nutrition Most obtain food by ingestion take in their food

More information

Gastrointestinal Physiology

Gastrointestinal Physiology Gastrointestinal Physiology Digestion and Absorption Definition Digestion: i Food dis dissolved d and broken down. Physical digestion: Propulsion and mixing of food by muscle in the alimentary tract. Chemical

More information

2013 Pearson Education, Inc. THE DIGESTION PROCESS: PART II

2013 Pearson Education, Inc. THE DIGESTION PROCESS: PART II THE DIGESTION PROCESS: PART II Digestion in the Small Intestine Chyme from stomach contains Partially digested carbohydrates and proteins Undigested fats 2-3 hours in small intestine (up to 6 if sluggish)

More information

The Digestive System. Basic process of digestion. Mouth and Teeth 10/30/2016

The Digestive System. Basic process of digestion. Mouth and Teeth 10/30/2016 The Digestive System Basic process of digestion 1. Ingestion: animal eats food. 2. Digestion: animal body breaks food down. Mechanical digestion: chewing (mastication). Chemical digestion: enzymes and

More information

Lab Activity 30. Digestive Enzymes. Portland Community College BI 233

Lab Activity 30. Digestive Enzymes. Portland Community College BI 233 Lab Activity 30 Digestive Enzymes Portland Community College BI 233 Cellular Reactions All molecular bonds have energy barriers that prevent spontaneous breakdown Enzymes lowering these activation energy

More information

Biology 12 - Digestion Notes

Biology 12 - Digestion Notes Biology 12 - Digestion Notes Anatomy Physiology Functions of the Digestive System -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- food (enzymes, bile, HCl) to assist

More information

DIGESTIVE. CHAPTER 17 Lecture: Part 1 Part 2 BIO 212: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II

DIGESTIVE. CHAPTER 17 Lecture: Part 1 Part 2 BIO 212: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II BIO 212: ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II CHAPTER 17 Lecture: DIGESTIVE Part 1 Part 2 Dr. Lawrence G. Altman www.lawrencegaltman.com Some illustrations are courtesy of McGraw-Hill. SMALL INTESTINE DUODENUM > JEJUNUM

More information

Topic No. & Title: Topic 8 Digestion & Absorption of Dietary Components

Topic No. & Title: Topic 8 Digestion & Absorption of Dietary Components [Summary] Digestion & Absorption of Dietary Components Subject: Zoology Course: B.Sc. 2 nd Year Paper No. & Title: Z-202B Physiology Topic No. & Title: Topic 8 Digestion & Absorption of Dietary Components

More information

Biochemistry 16/11/2015. Ammar Madkhana. DR. Mohammad Nuseir. 1 P a g e

Biochemistry 16/11/2015. Ammar Madkhana. DR. Mohammad Nuseir. 1 P a g e 1 Biochemistry Ammar Madkhana 16/11/2015 DR. Mohammad Nuseir 1 P a g e Biochemistry of Digestive Fluids and Enzymes **************************************** 1) Secretions of the GIT: -All secretions of

More information

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ALIMENTARY CANAL / GI TRACT & ACCESSORY ORGANS. Mar 16 10:34 PM

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ALIMENTARY CANAL / GI TRACT & ACCESSORY ORGANS. Mar 16 10:34 PM DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ALIMENTARY CANAL / GI TRACT & ACCESSORY ORGANS Mar 16 10:34 PM 1 I. Digestive System Functions > Ingestion the taking in of food > Propulsion movement caused by force > Digestion breakdown

More information

Figure Nutrition: omnivore, herbivore, carnivore

Figure Nutrition: omnivore, herbivore, carnivore Figure 41.1 Nutrition: omnivore, herbivore, carnivore Essential Nutrients: Amino acids Fatty acids Vitamins Minerals Figure 41.2 Complete vs incomplete Omnivore vs herbivore (vegetarian) Table 41.1 Table

More information

Biology. TOPIC : Digestion and Absorption. Marks : 120 mks Time : ½ hr

Biology. TOPIC : Digestion and Absorption. Marks : 120 mks Time : ½ hr TOPIC : Digestion and Absorption Date : Marks : 120 mks Time : ½ hr (1) Match with and select the correct option from the codes given below A Van Kupffer cells (i) Isolets of langerhans B - cells (ii)

More information

BPK 312 Nutrition for Fitness & Sport. Lecture 2. Digestion & Absorption of Food Nutrients

BPK 312 Nutrition for Fitness & Sport. Lecture 2. Digestion & Absorption of Food Nutrients BPK 312 Nutrition for Fitness & Sport Lecture 2 Digestion & Absorption of Food Nutrients 1. Overview of digestion & absorption of nutrients 2. Functional anatomy of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract 3. Digestion

More information

Monogastric Digestive System

Monogastric Digestive System Monogastric Digestive System Matching Species Cow Pig Kangaroo Sheep Horse Dog Chicken Digestive System Ruminant Monogastric Pre-gastric Fermentation Post-gastric Fermentation Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore

More information

Ali Yaghi. Yaseen Fatayer. M.Khatatbeh

Ali Yaghi. Yaseen Fatayer. M.Khatatbeh 6 Ali Yaghi Yaseen Fatayer M.Khatatbeh P a g e 1 pancreatic secretions note: The pancreas has endocrine (secretions are released toward the blood) and exocrine(secretions are released through the canalicular

More information

Physiology of Digestion

Physiology of Digestion Physiology of Digestion 1 I. Overview of Digestive System A. Structures of Digestive System 1. alimentary canal (gastrointestinal [GI] tract) a. digestion - break down molecules b. absorption - move into

More information

CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM. Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University

CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM. Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM Michaela Králíkov ková,, MD Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University 2 major functions digestion and absorption of food digestion

More information

e. Undigested material is compacted and stored until the colon is full. When the colon is full, a signal to empty it is sent by sensors in the walls

e. Undigested material is compacted and stored until the colon is full. When the colon is full, a signal to empty it is sent by sensors in the walls Digestive System 1. General a. Animals obtain energy by breaking food molecules into smaller pieces. b. The basic fuel molecules are amino acids, lipids and sugars c. Digestion is the chemical breakdown

More information

Digestive System Processes

Digestive System Processes Unit 7 Digestive System Processes ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Processes of the Digestive System Ingestion- getting food into the mouth Propulsion- moving foods through the digestive system

More information

Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. The Digestive System

Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. Types of Digestive Systems. The Digestive System The Digestive System Chapter 48 Types of Digestive Systems Heterotrophs are divided into three groups based on their food sources -Herbivores are animals that eat plants exclusively -Carnivores are animals

More information

re of Mark Louie D. Lop

re of Mark Louie D. Lop DIGESTION and ABSORPTION Mark Louie D. Lopez Department of Biology College of Science Polytechnic University of the Philippines SUMMARY OF DIGESTION ABSORPTIVE SURFACES ABSORPTIVE SURFACES Plicae circulares

More information

Digestive System. Part A Multiple Choice. 1. Which of the following is NOT a digestive enzyme? A. Pepsin. B. Ptyalin. C. Gastrin. D. Trypsin.

Digestive System. Part A Multiple Choice. 1. Which of the following is NOT a digestive enzyme? A. Pepsin. B. Ptyalin. C. Gastrin. D. Trypsin. Digestive System Part A Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is NOT a digestive enzyme? A. Pepsin. B. Ptyalin. C. Gastrin. D. Trypsin. 2. The presence of large numbers of mitochondria in the cells

More information

Biology 20: Digestive System Did you get it? Questions and Answers

Biology 20: Digestive System Did you get it? Questions and Answers Biology 20: Digestive System Did you get it? Questions and Answers Mouth 1. What is the purpose of chewing? a. break food into smaller pieces so there is a greater SA for chemicals to work on. 2. Salivary

More information

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Student Name CHAPTER 26 PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM D igestion is the process of breaking down complex nutrients into simpler units suitable for absorption. It involves two major processes: mechanical

More information

MCAT Biology Problem Drill 20: The Digestive System

MCAT Biology Problem Drill 20: The Digestive System MCAT Biology Problem Drill 20: The Digestive System Question No. 1 of 10 Question 1. During the oral phase of swallowing,. Question #01 A. Initially, the food bolus is moved to the back of the tongue and

More information

Overview of digestion

Overview of digestion Key concepts in Digestion. Overview of digestion introduction to the GI system Prof. Barry Campbell Cellular & Molecular Physiology e-mail: bjcampbl@liv.ac.uk http://pcwww.liv.ac.uk/~bjcampbl DIGESTION

More information

Summary break down long chain proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids into monomers recall hydrolysis (opposite of dehydration synthesis) (hydro-w

Summary break down long chain proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids into monomers recall hydrolysis (opposite of dehydration synthesis) (hydro-w Summary break down long chain proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids into monomers recall hydrolysis (opposite of dehydration synthesis) (hydro-water lysis-break apart) if not broken down, proteins

More information

Chapter 20 The Gastrointestinal System

Chapter 20 The Gastrointestinal System Chapter 20 The Gastrointestinal System Overview of GI Processes Functional Anatomy Digestion and Absorption General Principle of GI Regulation GI Secretion and Regulation GI Motility and its Regulation

More information

CLASS XI BIOLOGY. Digestion And Absorption. Finish Line & Beyond send your queries to

CLASS XI BIOLOGY. Digestion And Absorption. Finish Line & Beyond send your queries to CLASS XI BIOLOGY Digestion And Absorption 1. Choose the correct answer among the following : (a) Gastric juice contains (i) pepsin, lipase and rennin (ii) trypsin, lipase and rennin (iii) trypsin, pepsin

More information

The Small Intestine. The pyloric sphincter at the bottom of the stomach opens, squirting small amounts of food into your small intestine.

The Small Intestine. The pyloric sphincter at the bottom of the stomach opens, squirting small amounts of food into your small intestine. The Small Intestine The pyloric sphincter at the bottom of the stomach opens, squirting small amounts of food into your small intestine. approximately six metres (the longest section of your digestive

More information

Unit 2 : The Digestive System

Unit 2 : The Digestive System Unit 2 : The Digestive System Mind Map Components and Histology Digestion Oral Cavity Small Intestine Digestive System Digestion Stomach Large intestine Absorption Digestion Absorption Digestion Absorption

More information

Summary of chemical breakdown of food by hydrolytic enzymes (Protein enzymes).

Summary of chemical breakdown of food by hydrolytic enzymes (Protein enzymes). Biology 12 Digestive System Digestion Overview: The digestive process can be divided into 4 phases: 1. ingestion - includes swallowing and peristalsis 2. digestion - the physical (by teeth) and chemical

More information

The Digestive System and Body Metabolism

The Digestive System and Body Metabolism 14 PART C The Digestive System and Body Metabolism PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University ESSENTIALS OF HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EIGHTH EDITION ELAINE N. MARIEB

More information

a. parotid b. sublingual c. submandibular

a. parotid b. sublingual c. submandibular Bozeman Science/ Nature The Digestive System Watch the videos, and answer the questions below. Please write your answers in complete sentences, and explain all concepts thoroughly. 1. What are the four

More information

Ch18. Metabolism. Chemical processes that maintain life. From the Greek metabole change." version 1.0

Ch18. Metabolism. Chemical processes that maintain life. From the Greek metabole change. version 1.0 Ch18 Metabolism Chemical processes that maintain life. From the Greek metabole change." version 1.0 Nick DeMello, PhD. 2007-2015 Ch18 Metabolism Metabolism Defined Metabolic Pathways Energy stored as ATP

More information

Sunday 29th January. Day 1: The Digestive Tract. From Anatomy to Treatment. A Nutritional Approach MPS.

Sunday 29th January. Day 1: The Digestive Tract. From Anatomy to Treatment. A Nutritional Approach MPS. Sunday 29th January Day 1: The Digestive Tract From Anatomy to Treatment A Nutritional Approach MPS www.osteopathicea.com mike@osteopathicea.com AKA Digestive Tract, Alimentary Canal, Enteron, or Gut Body

More information

Two main groups Alimentary canal continuous coiled hollow tube Accessory digestive organs

Two main groups Alimentary canal continuous coiled hollow tube Accessory digestive organs Digestion Breakdown of ingested food Absorption of nutrients into the blood Metabolism Production of cellular energy (ATP) Constructive and degradative cellular activities Two main groups Alimentary canal

More information