Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

Transcription

1 * * Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Ordinary Level BIOLOGY 5090/11 Paper 1 Multiple Choice May/June 2015 Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended) 1 hour READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet. Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully. Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet. Electronic calculators may be used. This document consists of 17 printed pages and 3 blank pages. IB15 06_5090_11/4RP [Turn over

2 1 The cell wall of a plant cell is removed using an enzyme. What would happen if this cell is then placed in distilled water? 2 A B C D It would take longer for the cell to become turgid. Proteins in the cytoplasm would leave through the cell membrane. The cell would become smaller as water passes out. The cell would burst as water moves into it. 2 Which processes are responsible for the uptake of ions from the soil by a plant and the uptake of glucose into the villi of a human? uptake of ions by a plant uptake of glucose into the villi A active transport active transport B active transport osmosis C diffusion osmosis D osmosis active transport 5090/11/M/J/15

3 3 3 The diagram shows three plant cells labelled P, Q and R. The arrows show the direction of water movement by osmosis. P Q R What is the correct order of water potential in the cells, from the highest to the lowest? highest middle lowest A P Q R B P R Q C Q P R D R P Q 4 A dish is filled with agar jelly containing starch. Four holes are cut in the jelly and each hole is filled as shown. After 30 minutes, which hole will be surrounded by the largest area without starch? amylase solution A gastric protease solution and hydrochloric acid D B amylase solution and hydrochloric acid agar jelly C gastric protease solution 5090/11/M/J/15 [Turn over

4 4 5 The diagram shows a plant cell. P Compared with the rest of the cell, which row describes the concentrations of oxygen and magnesium inside structure P during the daytime? oxygen magnesium A high high B high low C low high D low low 6 Some organisms live at the bottom of the seas where it is very dark. To synthesise glucose, they use energy from chemicals in the very hot water that comes out of volcanoes. What is a distinguishing feature of these organisms? A B C D Their enzymes are easily denatured by heat. They do not need carbon dioxide. They do not need to be green. They obtain energy only as carnivores. 5090/11/M/J/15

5 7 The diagram shows cells in a section through a leaf of a typical green plant. (No cell contents are shown.) Which cells usually contain chloroplasts? A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4 8 The element nitrogen is needed to form A B C D fat. protein. starch. sugar. 9 Which process involves the use of nutrients inside cells? A B C D absorption assimilation digestion ingestion 5090/11/M/J/15 [Turn over

6 6 10 Five tubes containing cooked egg-white are set up as shown. Protease solutions of different ph are added to each tube. ph of solution protease solution cooked egg white Which diagram shows the results of this experiment for a protease from the stomach? ph of solution A key protease and / or digested egg-white undigested egg-white B C D 5090/11/M/J/15

7 11 Under which set of conditions will the transpiration rate of a well-watered plant be fastest? 7 A B C D a cool, dry, windless day a cool, rainy, windy day a hot, dry, windy day a hot, rainy, windy day 12 A plant was placed in water containing black dye. After 24 hours the plant was removed and sections were taken from the root and the stem. Which diagram shows the results? A B root stem root stem C D root stem root stem 5090/11/M/J/15 [Turn over

8 13 The diagram represents the heart and some major blood vessels. 8 head R lungs S P Q rest of body What are possible blood pressures (in kpa) for the vessels shown on the diagram? P Q R S A B C D /11/M/J/15

9 9 14 The diagram shows changes in pressure in the aorta and the left ventricle during one complete heart beat. 20 Y pressure / kpa 10 X pressure in aorta pressure in left ventricle time / s What causes the increase in pressure between points X and Y? A B C D contraction of the left atrium contraction of the left ventricle relaxation of the left atrium relaxation of the left ventricle 15 The diagram shows the liver and its blood supply. liver W X alimentary canal What is the name of blood vessel X, and which substance increases in concentration between vessel W and vessel X? name of X substance A hepatic artery carbon dioxide B hepatic portal vein carbon dioxide C hepatic artery oxygen D hepatic portal vein oxygen 5090/11/M/J/15 [Turn over

10 10 16 In the equations that follow, represents energy or an energy-rich compound. Which equation best represents aerobic respiration? A B energy + glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy C D glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy 17 The diagram shows the rib cage and some of the muscles involved in breathing as seen from the side. intercostal muscles vertebral column sternum (breastbone) diaphragm ribs What happens when the intercostal muscles shown in the diagram contract? A B C D The diaphragm moves down. The lungs inflate. The pressure inside the lungs decreases. The ribs move down. 5090/11/M/J/15

11 18 The diagram shows a section of an alveolus and a capillary in a lung. air flow 11 blood flow Z blood flow X Y What are the relative concentrations of carbon dioxide at X, Y and Z? X Y Z A high high high B high low low C low high high D low high low 19 Where are most nitrogen compounds excreted from humans? A B C D kidneys liver rectum skin 20 When the temperature of the air is higher than body temperature, which of these control mechanisms can help to maintain a constant body temperature? constriction of blood vessels in skin shivering sweating A B C D 5090/11/M/J/15 [Turn over

12 12 21 A motor neurone transmits impulses from A B C D muscle to spinal cord. receptor to muscle. receptor to spinal cord. spinal cord to muscle. 22 In which order does light pass through these structures in the eye? A B C D cornea aqueous humour lens vitreous humour retina cornea vitreous humour lens aqueous humour retina lens aqueous humour cornea vitreous humour retina lens vitreous humour cornea aqueous humour retina 23 Why is glucose found in the urine of diabetics? A B C D increased uptake and use of glucose by the body cells not enough glucose in the blood is converted to glycogen stored fats in the body are being oxidized too much glucose is absorbed by the kidney cells 24 Which bones form a joint at the shoulder? A B C D humerus and scapula humerus and ulna radius and ulna radius and scapula 25 Which facts about alcohol are correct? acts as a depressant broken down by the liver increases self-control A key B correct C not correct D 5090/11/M/J/15

13 13 26 In a practical lesson, a student makes the following observations about some organisms. They are spherical, unicellular organisms which are visible with the light microscope. Diameter is 0.01 mm. Cytoplasm is present and, after staining, a nucleus can be seen. A vacuole is present. What is being described? A B C D bacterium fungus plant virus 27 The fungus Penicillium is grown in fermenters to make penicillin. The table shows the time taken for the mycelium of the fungus to double in size with different types of carbohydrate. All other conditions were kept constant. type of carbohydrate glucose maltose starch time for mycelium of Pencillium to double in size / hours What can be concluded from the data? A B C D Glucose molecules are larger than maltose molecules. Penicillium does not produce amylase. Penicillium does not produce protease. Penicillium takes longer to use starch than to use sugars. 28 Which sequence describes the flow of energy in an ecosystem? A B C D carnivore herbivore plant Sun plant herbivore carnivore Sun Sun carnivore herbivore plant Sun plant herbivore carnivore 5090/11/M/J/15 [Turn over

14 14 29 The diagram shows a food web. stoat owl fox rat beetle rabbit plants What is likely to happen to the owl population if foxes die out? A B C D It will decrease because there will be more competition with stoats for food. It will increase because there will be more rats, beetles and rabbits for them to eat. It will stay the same because owls do not eat foxes. It will stay the same because stoats will eat less food. 30 Which organisms convert ammonium compounds to nitrates? A B C D decomposing bacteria decomposing fungi nitrifying bacteria nitrogen-fixing bacteria 31 The malarial parasite can be transferred from mosquitoes to humans when A B C D humans swim in lakes containing mosquito larvae. female adult mosquitoes feed. mosquito larvae contaminate drinking water. mosquitoes lay eggs near places where humans live. 5090/11/M/J/15

15 32 The graph shows the concentration of dissolved oxygen at different points along a river. 15 At which point is sewage emptied into the river? concentration of dissolved oxygen A B C D distance along river 33 What describes the chromosome number of these human cells? egg-producing cell in ovary sperm zygote cell in an embryo A diploid diploid haploid haploid B diploid haploid diploid diploid C diploid haploid haploid diploid D haploid haploid diploid diploid 34 A plant has flowers whose anthers mature and fall off before the stigma is fully developed. What will this prevent? A B C D cross-pollination insect-pollination self-pollination wind-pollination 35 Which diseases can be cured with antibiotics? lung cancer HIV infection syphilis A key B = can be cured with antibiotics C = cannot be cured with antibiotics D 5090/11/M/J/15 [Turn over

16 16 36 Which row correctly shows an advantage of feeding babies breast milk and an advantage of feeding them bottle milk? A B C D advantage of breast feeding Feeding helps create a bond between mother and baby. It is easier to control the amount of milk the baby receives. The baby receives antibodies from the mother. The milk contains exactly the right balance of nutrients. advantage of bottle feeding Bottle feeding is cheaper. Other people besides the mother can feed the baby. The baby is less likely to suffer from diarrhoea. HIV is less likely to be transmitted from mother to baby. 37 Which of these may be heterozygous? A B C D a haploid cell an allele of a gene an organism with a dominant phenotype an organism with a recessive genotype 38 A red-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant. All the offspring have red flowers. What is the genotype of these offspring? A RR and Rr B RR only C Rr only D rr only 39 A person with Down s syndrome is born with 47 chromosomes in each cell, instead of 46. What could cause this? A B C D A mutation happened during the production of the egg cell. More than one sperm fused with the egg at fertilisation. Radiation caused a change in structure of a gene in the father s sperm. The mother was exposed to harmful chemicals while she was pregnant. 5090/11/M/J/15

17 40 The diagram shows a species becoming modified to survive in two different habitats. 17 time Which process is responsible for these modifications? A B C D artificial selection conservation genetic engineering natural selection 5090/11/M/J/15

18 18 BLANK PAGE 5090/11/M/J/15

19 19 BLANK PAGE 5090/11/M/J/15

20 20 BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. 5090/11/M/J/15

21 * * Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Ordinary Level BIOLOGY 5090/12 Paper 1 Multiple Choice May/June 2015 Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended) 1 hour READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet. Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully. Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet. Electronic calculators may be used. This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page. IB15 06_5090_12/5RP [Turn over

22 2 1 The diagram shows a plant cell. Which structure identifies this as a plant cell rather than an animal cell? A B C D cell membrane cell wall cytoplasm nucleus 2 Which processes are responsible for the uptake of ions from the soil by a plant and the uptake of glucose into the villi of a human? uptake of ions by a plant uptake of glucose into the villi A active transport active transport B active transport osmosis C diffusion osmosis D osmosis active transport 5090/12/M/J/15

23 3 3 The diagram shows three plant cells labelled P, Q and R. The arrows show the direction of water movement by osmosis. P Q R What is the correct order of water potential in the cells, from the highest to the lowest? highest middle lowest A P Q R B P R Q C Q P R D R P Q 4 A dish is filled with agar jelly containing starch. Four holes are cut in the jelly and each hole is filled as shown. After 30 minutes, which hole will be surrounded by the largest area without starch? amylase solution A gastric protease solution and hydrochloric acid D B amylase solution and hydrochloric acid agar jelly C gastric protease solution 5090/12/M/J/15 [Turn over

24 4 5 The diagram shows a plant cell. P Compared with the rest of the cell, which row describes the concentrations of oxygen and magnesium inside structure P during the daytime? oxygen magnesium A high high B high low C low high D low low 5090/12/M/J/15

25 6 A plant has leaves that are green in the centre but white around the edges. 5 The plant is destarched and then has one of its leaves partly covered with black paper on both sides of the leaf, as shown. black paper white area of leaf green area of leaf The plant is placed in bright light for 48 hours. The leaf is then tested for starch. Which diagram shows the colours that are obtained? A brown B brown black black C black D black brown brown 5090/12/M/J/15 [Turn over

26 7 The diagram shows cells in a section through a leaf of a typical green plant. (No cell contents are shown.) Which cells usually contain chloroplasts? A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4 8 What is an example of assimilation? A B C D absorption of glycerol into lacteals breakdown of alcohol in the liver building of proteins from amino acids release of a hormone from a gland 9 What are the basic units from which glycogen is synthesised? A B C D amino acids fatty acids glucose glycerol 5090/12/M/J/15

27 10 A food is known to contain protein, but no reducing sugar. 7 When this food is tested with biuret solution and Benedict s solution which colours would a student observe? biuret test Benedict s test A blue blue B blue brick red C lilac / violet blue D lilac / violet brick red 11 The diagrams show transverse sections of a plant stem and of a plant root. stem root Which regions contain xylem vessels? A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and /12/M/J/15 [Turn over

28 8 12 In an experiment to investigate transpiration, the leaves of four identical shoots are treated as follows. 1 upper surfaces covered with waterproof jelly 2 lower surfaces covered with waterproof jelly 3 upper and lower surfaces covered with waterproof jelly 4 untreated The graph shows the water lost by the four shoots. Which line shows the result for shoot 4? A B amount of water lost time C D 5090/12/M/J/15

29 13 The diagram represents the heart and some major blood vessels. 9 head R lungs S P Q rest of body What are possible blood pressures (in kpa) for the vessels shown on the diagram? P Q R S A B C D /12/M/J/15 [Turn over

30 10 14 The diagram shows changes in pressure in the aorta and the left ventricle during one complete heart beat. 20 Y pressure / kpa 10 X pressure in aorta pressure in left ventricle time / s What causes the increase in pressure between points X and Y? A B C D contraction of the left atrium contraction of the left ventricle relaxation of the left atrium relaxation of the left ventricle 15 The diagram shows the liver and its blood supply. liver W X alimentary canal What is the name of blood vessel X, and which substance increases in concentration between vessel W and vessel X? name of X substance A hepatic artery carbon dioxide B hepatic portal vein carbon dioxide C hepatic artery oxygen D hepatic portal vein oxygen 5090/12/M/J/15

31 11 16 Which word equation shows anaerobic respiration in yeast? A B C D glucose ethanol glucose ethanol + carbon dioxide glucose lactic acid glucose lactic acid + carbon dioxide 17 The table shows the effect of exercise on the rate and depth of breathing. breathing rate / breaths per minute volume of each breath / cm 3 at rest after exercise What is the increase in the volume of air exchanged per minute after exercise, compared to at rest? A 1000 cm 3 B 6000 cm 3 C cm 3 D cm 3 18 The diagram shows a section of an alveolus and a capillary in a lung. air flow blood flow Z blood flow X Y What are the relative concentrations of carbon dioxide at X, Y and Z? X Y Z A high high high B high low low C low high high D low high low 5090/12/M/J/15 [Turn over

32 12 19 The diagram represents a kidney machine. blood dialysis fluid in pump dialysis fluid out partially permeable membrane Which two substances are both present in the dialysis fluid entering the machine? A B C D glucose and protein glucose and salts protein and urea urea and salts 20 The diagram shows some of the structures in human skin. Y Z Which labels describe the structures Y and Z in hot conditions? Y Z A active constricted B active dilated C inactive constricted D inactive dilated 5090/12/M/J/15

33 13 21 What are characteristics of all neurones? carry information within the brain stimulate muscles or glands transmit electrical impulses A B C D 22 An antelope is grazing under a tree. It hears men shouting in the distance. Which changes take place in the antelope s eyes as it raises its head to look at the men? ciliary bodies suspensory ligaments lenses A contract become taut become more convex B contract become slack become less convex C relax become taut become less convex D relax become slack become more convex 23 A patient complains to the doctor of unexplained weight loss, severe thirst and frequent need of urination. A test shows high levels of glucose in the urine. Which condition does the doctor diagnose? A B C D cardiovascular disease diabetes kidney failure obesity 5090/12/M/J/15 [Turn over

34 14 24 The diagram shows part of the elbow joint. X Y Why are the muscles labelled X and Y described as antagonistic? A B C D They both affect the same bone. They have the same bending effect on two different bones. They have opposite effects on the same joint. They have opposite effects on different joints. 25 The diagrams show the structure of the alveoli in the lungs of a normal person and in a smoker with emphysema. What is the effect of emphysema? normal emphysema A B C D increased chance of lung cancer inflammation of the walls of the airways less difficulty in breathing in and out less efficient gaseous exchange 5090/12/M/J/15

35 15 26 A student examined four different microorganisms. She noted whether the microorganisms had a nucleus, chloroplasts and cytoplasm. She constructed the table below to identify the microorganisms. microorganism has a nucleus does not have a nucleus has chloroplasts has no chloroplasts has cytoplasm has no cytoplasm organism P organism Q organism R organism S What are organisms Q, R and S? Q R S A bacterium virus fungus B bacterium virus plant C fungus bacterium virus D fungus bacterium plant 27 The diagram shows some of the stages in cheese production. At which stage in the production of cheese are bacteria added? milk A coagulation B curd separated from whey C dehydration D storage 5090/12/M/J/15 [Turn over

36 16 28 Some types of bacteria make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water using the energy from sunlight. Which of the following describes these bacteria? A B C D carnivores decomposers herbivores producers 29 The diagram shows a food web. fox leaves mouse caterpillar eagle nectar hummingbird butterfly small birds Which statement about this food web is correct? A B C D Eagles obtain their energy from foxes. If the hummingbirds all die the caterpillars will have more food. Part of this food web is the food chain: nectar caterpillar small birds The small birds are carnivores. 30 How do nitrogen-fixing bacteria improve soil fertility? A B C D They convert nitrates to nitrites. They convert nitrites to nitrates. They release nitrogen gas from nitrates. They use nitrogen gas to make nitrogen-containing compounds. 5090/12/M/J/15

37 31 The malarial parasite can be transferred from mosquitoes to humans when 17 A B C D humans swim in lakes containing mosquito larvae. female adult mosquitoes feed. mosquito larvae contaminate drinking water. mosquitoes lay eggs near places where humans live. 32 Which row shows a cause and an effect of eutrophication? cause effect A the overuse of insecticides an algal bloom in ponds and streams B the release of fertilisers acidification of the atmosphere C the release of oxides of nitrogen warming of the atmosphere D the release of sewage anaerobic conditions in ponds and streams 33 A male gamete leaves the pollen tube immediately after the pollen tube has entered which structure? A B C D ovary ovule stigma style 34 What is always essential for seeds to begin germinating? A B C D carbon dioxide light mineral salts oxygen 35 Which diseases can be cured with antibiotics? lung cancer HIV infection syphilis A key B = can be cured with antibiotics C = cannot be cured with antibiotics D 5090/12/M/J/15 [Turn over

38 18 36 The diagram shows some cells in the life cycle of an animal. 2n X 2n 2n Y n 2n Z n key n = haploid 2n = diploid n n n n Which processes are occurring at X, Y and Z? X Y Z A maturation meiosis mitosis B meiosis maturation mitosis C mitosis maturation meiosis D mitosis meiosis maturation 37 Which of these may be heterozygous? A B C D a haploid cell an allele of a gene an organism with a dominant phenotype an organism with a recessive genotype 38 Over time, a species of bird develops a more pointed beak. The more pointed shape of the beak helps the birds to catch small insects that may be hiding in cracks in the rocks. What is a reason for the change in the shape of the birds beaks? A B C D Birds develop more pointed beaks as they search for insects in cracks in the rocks. Individuals with less pointed beaks are better fitted to their environment and more likely to survive. Individuals with more pointed beaks are better able to compete for food. When reproducing, birds are more likely to seek out mates with less pointed beaks because these are better adapted. 5090/12/M/J/15

39 39 A person with Down s syndrome is born with 47 chromosomes in each cell, instead of 46. What could cause this? 19 A B C D A mutation happened during the production of the egg cell. More than one sperm fused with the egg at fertilisation. Radiation caused a change in structure of a gene in the father s sperm. The mother was exposed to harmful chemicals while she was pregnant. 40 Bacteria can be genetically engineered to produce human insulin. Before this method was developed, the only insulin available was that from cattle or pigs. It was obtained from extracts of animal pancreas. Which statements about the two methods are correct? W Large numbers of bacteria can be cultured in a small space. X Y Z Bacteria reproduce very quickly and make insulin quickly. People sometimes develop diseases from insulin taken from cows or pigs. The insulin produced in bacteria is not the same as that produced in the human pancreas. A W, X and Y B W, X and Z C W, Y and Z D X, Y and Z 5090/12/M/J/15

40 20 BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. 5090/12/M/J/15

41 Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Ordinary Level * * BIOLOGY 5090/21 Paper 2 Theory May/June hour 45 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Section A Answer all questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Section B Answer both questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Section C Answer either question 8 or question 9. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. You are advised to spend no longer than one hour on Section A. Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 16 printed pages. DC (NF/SW) 90466/5 [Turn over

42 2 Section A Answer all questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided. 1 Fig. 1.1 shows a vertical section through the skin in two different environmental conditions, A and B. skin in environmental condition A skin in environmental condition B (a) On Fig. 1.1, label each of the following: a sweat gland Fig. 1.1 a capillary. [2] (b) Use the information in Fig. 1.1 to suggest how environmental condition B is different from environmental condition A.... [1] (c) (i) State two differences between the skin in environmental condition A and the skin in environmental condition B [2] 5090/21/M/J/15

43 3 (ii) Explain the advantages to a person in environmental condition B of the two differences you have stated in your answer to (c)(i).... [3] [Total: 8] 5090/21/M/J/15 [Turn over

44 4 2 Table 2.1 shows the volume of blood supplied to parts of the body at rest and during strenuous exercise. Table 2.1 part of body volume of blood supplied in cm 3 / min at rest during strenuous exercise brain heart skeletal muscle skin kidneys digestive organs other Total (a) (i) Calculate the volume of blood that is supplied to the brain at rest as a percentage of the total supplied to the whole body. Show your working in the space below.... % [2] (ii) Name the blood vessels that supply each kidney with blood.... [1] (iii) Using the information in Table 2.1, calculate the volume of blood supplied to the kidneys during strenuous exercise. Write your answer in the space provided in Table 2.1. [1] 5090/21/M/J/15

45 5 (b) Use the information in Table 2.1 to name two parts of the body that have an increased supply of blood during strenuous exercise. Explain the advantage to the body of increasing the supply of blood to each of the parts you name. name of part... advantage... name of part... advantage [4] (c) Using the information in Table 2.1, suggest why eating immediately before exercise is not recommended.... [2] [Total: 10] 5090/21/M/J/15 [Turn over

46 6 3 Fig. 3.1 shows a fetus developing in the uterus of a mother. The fluid labelled C contains cells from the fetus. A long, hollow needle may be used to withdraw some of the fluid into a syringe. The DNA from the cells in this fluid can then be analysed to find the sex of the fetus and to detect mutations. fluid C long-needled syringe used to remove some of fluid C uterus Fig. 3.1 (a) Name fluid C and state its function. name of fluid... function [2] (b) (i) Label the placenta on Fig. 3.1 using a line and the letter P. [1] (ii) State two functions of the placenta [2] 5090/21/M/J/15

47 7 (c) Fig. 3.2 shows the chromosomes found in the nucleus of one cell of a developing fetus. Fig. 3.2 State the sex of this fetus and explain your answer. sex... explanation [2] (d) This fetus has a mutation. (i) Describe the mutation shown in Fig [2] (ii) Suggest the condition that this child could be born with as a result of this mutation.... [1] [Total: 10] 5090/21/M/J/15 [Turn over

48 8 4 (a) Define the term drug.... [2] (b) Fig. 4.1 shows some of the organs of a person that can be affected by the use of drugs. D lung E Fig. 4.1 Complete Table 4.1 by naming organs D and E and by giving one effect of each drug on the named organ. Table 4.1 drug organ label on Fig. 4.1 name of organ one effect of drug heroin D alcohol E [4] 5090/21/M/J/15

49 9 (c) (i) Name two toxic components of tobacco smoke [2] (ii) State the likely effect on her baby if a mother smokes tobacco throughout pregnancy.... [1] [Total: 9] 5090/21/M/J/15 [Turn over

50 5 Fig. 5.1 shows some of the interactions that take place in an aquatic ecosystem. 10 animal waste food uneaten food X ammonium ions nitrate ions Y nitrite ions Y Fig. 5.1 (a) (i) Use the information in Fig. 5.1 to state each of the following: the trophic level of the aquatic plant... the trophic level of the fish... the chemical element being cycled in this ecosystem.... [3] (ii) Explain one way, other than for food, that the fish may depend on the aquatic plant.... [2] (b) (i) Name each of the processes represented by the letters X and Y. process X... process Y... [2] 5090/21/M/J/15

51 11 (ii) Name one type of microorganism that will carry out both process X and process Y.... [1] (iii) Explain how aquatic plants take up nitrate ions from their surroundings.... [3] (c) Suggest what effect pollution by nitrogen-containing fertilisers might have on this ecosystem.... [2] [Total: 13] 5090/21/M/J/15 [Turn over

52 12 Section B Answer both questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided. 6 Fig. 6.1 shows a structure found in part of the alimentary canal. Fig. 6.1 (a) Name the structure shown in Fig. 6.1 and state the part of the alimentary canal in which it is found. name of structure... location in alimentary canal... [2] 5090/21/M/J/15

53 13 (b) Explain the ways in which this structure is adapted to enable it to carry out its function.... [8] [Total: 10] 5090/21/M/J/15 [Turn over

54 14 7 (a) Describe the significance of each of the following features of a dicotyledonous leaf in terms of the process named: (i) the distribution of chloroplasts in the process of photosynthesis... [4] (ii) stomata and mesophyll cells in the process of gas exchange.... [3] (b) Transverse sections were taken from the root and stem of a dicotyledonous plant. Describe differences in how two named tissues involved in transport are arranged in each of these sections.... [3] [Total: 10] 5090/21/M/J/15

55 15 Section C Answer either question 8 or question 9. Write your answers in the spaces provided. 8 (a) Describe the external features of one named example of a wind-dispersed fruit or seed. State the importance to the plant of this method of dispersal.... [5] (b) State two environmental conditions that affect the germination of seeds. Describe the importance of each condition.... [5] 5090/21/M/J/15 [Total: 10] [Turn over

56 16 9 (a) Describe and explain how an increase in each of the following factors surrounding a plant affects the rate of transpiration: temperature light intensity humidity.... [7] (b) Suggest the importance of transpiration to a plant.... [3] [Total: 10] Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. 5090/21/M/J/15

57 Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Ordinary Level * * BIOLOGY 5090/22 Paper 2 Theory May/June hour 45 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Section A Answer all questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Section B Answer both questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Section C Answer either question 8 or question 9. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. You are advised to spend no longer than one hour on Section A. Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 16 printed pages. DC (AC/CGW) 93584/5 [Turn over

58 2 Section A Answer all questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided. 1 Fig. 1.1 shows the effect of temperature on the rate at which yeast cells in a nutrient solution produce bubbles of a gas number of bubbles produced in two minutes temperature / C Fig. 1.1 (a) Name each of the following: the gas released the metabolic process that releases it the essential chemical constituents of the nutrient solution.... and... [3] 5090/22/M/J/15

59 (b) Use Fig. 1.1 to find the optimum temperature for the metabolic process [1] (c) Explain the shape of the curve after 60 o C.... [3] (d) Explain what would happen to the rate at which bubbles of the gas are produced by the yeast if the temperature of the solution is then gradually reduced from 65 o C to 45 o C.... [2] [Total: 9] 5090/22/M/J/15 [Turn over

60 4 2 Fig. 2.1 shows a plant called the ghost plant and a magnified diagram of its flower. It is called a ghost plant because it is often completely white in colour. Cells of the ghost plant do not contain chloroplasts. small, white, scale-like leaves Fig. 2.1 (a) From the appearance of the flower, suggest how it is pollinated. Give a reason for your answer. how the flower is pollinated... reason [2] Question 2 continues on page /22/M/J/15

61 5 Question 2 continues over the page 5090/22/M/J/15 [Turn over

62 6 (b) The ghost plant has an unusual feeding relationship with an underground fungus and with a nearby tree, as shown in Fig. 2.2 (opposite). (i) From the information given in Fig. 2.2, name the producer.... [1] (ii) The flow of nutrients in the feeding relationship is shown by the arrow on Fig Suggest three nutrients that flow from the tree to the ghost plant [3] (c) Suggest why the leaves of the ghost plant do not possess stomata or large intercellular spaces.... [5] [Total: 11] 5090/22/M/J/15

63 7 part of root of ghost plant fungus part of tree root flow of nutrients from tree to ghost plant Fig /22/M/J/15 [Turn over

64 3 Fig. 3.1 shows the blood supply to cells in the liver. 8 liver cell capillary C D Fig. 3.1 (a) (i) Name the cells labelled C and D in Fig C... D... [2] (ii) The arrow in Fig. 3.1 shows the movement of substances from the liver cells into the capillary. Name three substances that move in the direction shown [3] (b) (i) Describe the effect of adrenaline on liver cells.... [2] (ii) State a situation in which this might occur.... [1] 5090/22/M/J/15

65 9 (c) Sometimes the liver is unable to remove glucose from the blood. This condition is called diabetes. (i) State two symptoms of this condition [2] (ii) State how this condition is treated.... [1] [Total: 11] 5090/22/M/J/15 [Turn over

66 10 4 The dominant allele for the ability to smell the scent of a particular flower is represented by A. The recessive allele, which does not allow a person to smell the scent of the flower, is represented by a. (a) Using these letters, indicate each of the following: (i) the genotype of a woman who is unable to smell the flower... [1] (ii) the possible alleles found in the gametes of a woman who can smell the flower.... and... [2] (b) Fig. 4.1 represents some alleles on part of the sex chromosomes of a woman and of a man. an allele allele B woman man Fig. 4.1 In the space below, draw these alleles as they might appear in a sperm cell that carries the Y chromosome. [2] 5090/22/M/J/15

67 11 (c) Fig. 4.2 shows how the alleles on one of the chromosomes might appear in a cell taken from somewhere else in the man s body. Allele B shows a mutation. allele B Fig. 4.2 Suggest two possible causes of the mutation [2] (d) Mutated alleles such as that shown in Fig. 4.2 are usually recessive. Use your knowledge of genetics to explain why society discourages marriage between closely-related people.... [3] [Total: 10] 5090/22/M/J/15 [Turn over

68 5 Table 5.1 shows the mean daily water intake and loss by a person. 12 Table 5.1 water intake / dm 3 water loss / dm 3 drinks food faeces sweat urine exhaled air Total 2.25 Total 2.50 (a) (i) Using the information in Table 5.1, calculate the daily loss of water in exhaled air.... [1] (ii) Explain why exhaled air contains water.... [2] (b) Explain why, even though 2.25 dm 3 of water are taken in through the mouth, the faeces contain only 0.10 dm 3 of water.... [3] (c) Explain the importance of water in urine.... [2] (d) The difference between water intake and water loss by a person is accounted for by water produced by a metabolic process in the body. Name this metabolic process.... [1] 5090/22/M/J/15 [Total: 9]

69 13 Section B Answer both questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided. 6 (a) For a named fruit or seed, describe how it is adapted for animal dispersal.... [4] (b) A student planted seeds from different types of plant in the same area of soil. (i) Suggest why some of the seeds did not germinate.... [2] (ii) Explain why several of the seedlings were unable to survive after a few weeks.... [4] [Total: 10] 5090/22/M/J/15 [Turn over

70 7 (a) Describe each of the following processes: 14 (i) active transport... [4] (ii) osmosis.... [3] (b) Explain what happens to a red blood cell when it is placed in pure water.... [3] [Total: 10] 5090/22/M/J/15

71 15 Section C Answer either question 8 or question 9. Write your answers in the spaces provided. 8 (a) Outline the role of microorganisms in the production of yoghurt.... [6] (b) Explain how a slice of bread, if left exposed to the air, decomposes due to the growth of fungi.... [4] [Total: 10] 5090/22/M/J/15 [Turn over

72 16 9 Syphilis and HIV are both spread by sexual contact. (a) Describe the cause and symptoms of syphilis.... [6] (b) State how syphilis is treated.... [1] (c) Discuss how the spread of HIV may be controlled.... [3] [Total: 10] Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. 5090/22/M/J/15

73 Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Ordinary Level * * BIOLOGY 5090/31 Paper 3 Practical Test May/June hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: As specified in the Confidential Instructions. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner s Use Total This document consists of 9 printed pages and 3 blank pages. DC (KN/SW) 93667/3 [Turn over

74 2 In order to plan the best use of your time, read through all the questions on this paper carefully before starting work. 1 You are provided with several bean seeds which have been soaked in water. (a) Carefully cut one of the beans vertically into two halves. In the space below, make a drawing of one of the halves. On your drawing, label the cotyledon and the testa. (b) Catalase is an enzyme found in many different tissues. Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide, forming water and oxygen. You are required to carry out an experiment to compare the amounts of catalase in the cotyledons and testa of a bean seed. Put 5 cm 3 of hydrogen peroxide into each of two test-tubes. Carefully separate the testa from the cotyledons of a bean seed. Keeping the testa and the cotyledons separate, cut both into small pieces. Add the pieces of testa to one test-tube containing hydrogen peroxide and the pieces of cotyledon to the other test-tube containing hydrogen peroxide. Observe any changes in the test-tubes for two minutes. [3] 5090/31/M/J/15

75 (i) Record your observations in Table Table 1.1 part of bean seed observations testa cotyledons [2] (ii) State what you conclude about the amount of catalase in the testa and in the cotyledons from your observations in Table [2] (iii) Suggest an explanation for the difference in the amount of catalase found in the testa and in the cotyledons....[1] (iv) Suggest one way in which this experiment could be improved....[1] 5090/31/M/J/15 [Turn over

76 4 (c) Using another soaked bean seed, carry out a test to show whether its testa and its cotyledons contain starch. (i) Describe how you carried out this test....[2] (ii) After completing this test, state your conclusions....[1] (d) Cereal grains, such as maize and barley, store carbohydrates. An investigation was carried out to measure the activity of the enzyme amylase in barley grains during germination. The results are shown in Table 1.2. Table 1.2 germination / days amylase activity / arbitrary units /31/M/J/15

77 5 (i) Construct a line graph of the data in Table 1.2 on the grid below. Join your points with ruled, straight lines. [4] (ii) Use your graph to find the amylase activity after 5 days of germination.... arbitrary units [1] (iii) Suggest the role of amylase in germinating barley grains....[2] [Total: 19] 5090/31/M/J/15 [Turn over

78 2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows two palisade cells in a section through a leaf, as seen using a microscope. 6 Fig. 2.1 (i) In the space below, make an accurate drawing of these two cells. Your drawing should be 2.0 larger than the cells in Fig You do not need to label your drawing. [5] (ii) State two visible features of the cells in Fig. 2.1 which are not present in animal cells [2] 5090/31/M/J/15

79 7 (b) Fig. 2.2 shows a transverse section through a vascular bundle found in the stem of a plant, as seen using a microscope. A Fig. 2.2 (i) Identify the part labelled A in Fig [1] (ii) State two functions of part A [2] 5090/31/M/J/15 [Turn over

80 8 (c) Describe an investigation you could carry out in the laboratory to show the path taken by water in a cut stem of a plant....[4] [Total: 14] 5090/31/M/J/15

81 3 Fig. 3.1 shows the bones of the forelimb of a rabbit. The radius is labelled. 9 P radius Q R Fig. 3.1 (a) Identify the bones labelled P, Q and R. P... Q... R... [3] (b) State the type of joint formed between bones Q and R....[1] (c) Describe how, in a living rabbit, the lower part of the forelimb would be moved in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig [3] [Total: 7] 5090/31/M/J/15

82 10 BLANK PAGE 5090/31/M/J/15

83 11 BLANK PAGE 5090/31/M/J/15

84 12 BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. 5090/31/M/J/15

85 Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Ordinary Level * * BIOLOGY 5090/32 Paper 3 Practical Test May/June hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: As specified in the Confidential Instructions. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner s Use Total This document consists of 9 printed pages and 3 blank pages. DC (ST/SW) [Turn over

86 2 In order to plan the best use of your time, read through all the questions on this paper carefully before starting work. 1 You are provided with several bean seeds which have been soaked in water. (a) Carefully cut one of the beans vertically into two halves. In the space below, make a drawing of one of the halves. On your drawing, label the cotyledon and the testa. (b) Catalase is an enzyme found in many different tissues. Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide, forming water and oxygen. You are required to carry out an experiment to compare the amounts of catalase in the cotyledons and testa of a bean seed. Put 5 cm 3 of hydrogen peroxide into each of two test-tubes. Carefully separate the testa from the cotyledons of a bean seed. Keeping the testa and the cotyledons separate, cut both into small pieces. Add the pieces of testa to one test-tube containing hydrogen peroxide and the pieces of cotyledon to the other test-tube containing hydrogen peroxide. Observe any changes in the test-tubes for two minutes. [3] 5090/32/M/J/15

87 (i) Record your observations in Table Table 1.1 part of bean seed observations testa cotyledons [2] (ii) State what you conclude about the amount of catalase in the testa and in the cotyledons from your observations in Table [2] (iii) Suggest an explanation for the difference in the amount of catalase found in the testa and in the cotyledons....[1] (iv) Suggest one way in which this experiment could be improved....[1] 5090/32/M/J/15 [Turn over

88 4 (c) Using another soaked bean seed, carry out a test to show whether its testa and its cotyledons contain starch. (i) Describe how you carried out this test....[2] (ii) After completing this test, state your conclusions....[1] (d) Cereal grains, such as maize and barley, store carbohydrates. An investigation was carried out to measure the activity of the enzyme amylase in barley grains during germination. The results are shown in Table 1.2. Table 1.2 germination / days amylase activity / arbitrary units /32/M/J/15

89 5 (i) Construct a line graph of the data in Table 1.2 on the grid below. Join your points with ruled, straight lines. [4] (ii) Use your graph to find the amylase activity after 5 days of germination.... arbitrary units [1] (iii) Suggest the role of amylase in germinating barley grains....[2] [Total: 19] 5090/32/M/J/15 [Turn over

90 2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows two palisade cells in a section through a leaf, as seen using a microscope. 6 Fig. 2.1 (i) In the space below, make an accurate drawing of these two cells. Your drawing should be 2.0 larger than the cells in Fig You do not need to label your drawing. [5] (ii) State two visible features of the cells in Fig. 2.1 which are not present in animal cells [2] 5090/32/M/J/15

91 7 (b) Fig. 2.2 shows a transverse section through a vascular bundle found in the stem of a plant, as seen using a microscope. A Fig. 2.2 (i) Identify the part labelled A in Fig [1] (ii) State two functions of part A [2] 5090/32/M/J/15 [Turn over

92 8 (c) Describe an investigation you could carry out in the laboratory to show the path taken by water in a cut stem of a plant....[4] [Total: 14] 5090/32/M/J/15

93 3 Fig. 3.1 shows the bones of the forelimb of a rabbit. The radius is labelled. 9 P radius Q R Fig. 3.1 (a) Identify the bones labelled P, Q and R. P... Q... R... [3] (b) State the type of joint formed between bones Q and R....[1] (c) Describe how, in a living rabbit, the lower part of the forelimb would be moved in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig [3] [Total: 7] 5090/32/M/J/15

94 10 BLANK PAGE 5090/32/M/J/15

95 11 BLANK PAGE 5090/32/M/J/15

96 12 BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. 5090/32/M/J/15

97 Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Ordinary Level * * BIOLOGY 5090/61 Paper 6 Alternative to Practical May/June hour Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page. DC (KN/SW) 93670/3 [Turn over

98 2 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. 1 (a) Describe how you would safely test a sample of milk for the presence of each of the following substances: (i) reducing sugars...[4] (ii) proteins....[2] 5090/61/M/J/15

99 3 Question 1 continues on page /61/M/J/15 [Turn over

100 4 (b) Fromase is an enzyme that is used in the production of cheese. It causes the proteins in milk to coagulate (clot) to form a solid curd. A student investigated the time taken for milk to coagulate using Fromase in the presence of calcium chloride solution. She used a range of concentrations of calcium chloride solution that were each added to 10 cm 3 of milk and 1 cm 3 of Fromase. For each concentration of calcium chloride solution, she recorded the time taken for the milk to coagulate. Her record of results is shown below. 0.0 g per dm 3, 230 seconds; 0.2 g per dm 3, 200 seconds; 0.4 g per dm 3, 150 seconds; 0.6 g per dm 3, 50 seconds; 0.8 g per dm 3, 30 seconds (i) Use these results to complete Table 1.1. Table 1.1 concentration of calcium chloride solution / g per dm 3 time taken for milk to coagulate / seconds [2] 5090/61/M/J/15

101 (ii) On the grid below, construct a line graph of the data in Table 1.1. Join your points with ruled, straight lines. 5 [4] (iii) Use your graph to find the time it will take for milk to coagulate in calcium chloride solution of concentration 0.7 g per dm seconds [1] (iv) Describe the relationship between the concentration of calcium chloride solution and the time taken for the milk to coagulate....[1] (v) During this experiment, the student kept the test-tubes at a constant temperature of 40 C. Suggest how she kept the temperature constant....[2] 5090/61/M/J/15 [Turn over

102 6 (c) Design an experiment you could carry out in the laboratory to investigate the effect of ph on the time taken for milk to coagulate using Fromase....[4] [Total: 20] 5090/61/M/J/15

103 2 Fig. 2.1 shows part of the surface of a leaf, as seen using a microscope. 7 P Q Fig. 2.1 (a) In the space below, make an accurate drawing of the cells labelled P and Q. Your drawing should be 3.0 larger than the cells shown in Fig You do not need to label your drawing. [4] 5090/61/M/J/15 [Turn over

104 8 (b) An experiment was carried out to measure the rate of transpiration in a sunflower plant. The rate of transpiration was recorded at 0800 hours and then every two hours until 1800 hours. The rate of transpiration was measured as the mass of water lost in grams per hour. The results are shown in Table 2.1. Table 2.1 time of day (24 hour clock) rate of transpiration / g per hour (i) With reference to Table 2.1, describe how the rate of transpiration changed during this experiment....[3] (ii) Using the information in Table 2.1, calculate the change in the rate of transpiration from 0800 until [1] 5090/61/M/J/15

105 9 (c) Fig. 2.2 shows a leafy shoot. Some of the leaves were enclosed in a plastic bag. After 3 days, some liquid appeared in the bag. plastic bag small drops of liquid Fig. 2.2 Describe a test you could carry out on the liquid in the plastic bag to show that it is water....[2] [Total: 10] 5090/61/M/J/15 [Turn over

106 10 3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows a photograph of a leaf. magnification 0.5 Fig. 3.1 (i) Measure and record the maximum width of the leaf shown in Fig width =...[2] (ii) Calculate the maximum width of the actual leaf. Show your working. width =...[2] 5090/61/M/J/15

107 11 (b) In an investigation, a student collected two samples of leaves of the same species as that shown in Fig Ten leaves were obtained from plants that were growing in a sunny position and ten leaves were obtained from plants growing in a shady position. The maximum width of each leaf was measured and recorded. From these measurements, the mean maximum width of each sample was calculated. The results are shown in Table 3.1 Table 3.1 mean maximum width of leaves / mm in a sunny position in a shady position (i) Explain how the mean maximum widths were calculated....[2] (ii) From these results, the student concluded that leaves growing in a shady position were wider than those growing in a sunny position. Suggest one way in which this investigation could be improved to increase the validity of this conclusion....[1] (iii) Suggest why it might be an advantage to the leaves growing in a shady position to be wider than those growing in a sunny position....[3] [Total: 10] 5090/61/M/J/15

108 12 BLANK PAGE Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at after the live examination series. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. 5090/61/M/J/15

109 Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Ordinary Level * * BIOLOGY 5090/62 Paper 6 Alternative to Practical May/June hour Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 11 printed pages and 1 blank page. DC (KN/SW) 93671/2 [Turn over

110 2 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. 1 Some species of trees produce winged fruits that are dispersed by wind. When these fruits fall from the tree, they spin round as they fall to the ground. This increases the time taken for the fruits to fall. Fig. 1.1 shows a photograph of four winged fruits from a sycamore tree. The fruits are shown larger than their actual size. length A Fig. 1.1 (a) (i) Measure and record the maximum length of the fruit labelled A in Fig length =...[1] (ii) The actual maximum length of this fruit is 25 mm. Using your measurement in (i), calculate the magnification of the fruit A in Fig Show your working. magnification =...[2] 5090/62/M/J/15

111 3 Question 1 continues on page /62/M/J/15 [Turn over

112 4 (b) A student carried out an investigation into the relationship between the length of sycamore fruits and the time they took to reach the ground when dropped from a height of 3 metres. He collected 6 fruits and measured the length of each. He then dropped each fruit from a height of 3 metres and recorded the time each one took to reach the ground. His results are shown below. fruit 1 length = 27 mm, time to reach ground = 2.2 seconds; fruit 2 length = 32 mm, time to reach ground = 2.7 seconds; fruit 3 length = 33 mm, time to reach ground = 2.9 seconds; fruit 4 length = 35 mm, time to reach ground = 3.8 seconds; fruit 5 length = 36 mm, time to reach ground = 4.2 seconds; fruit 6 length = 41 mm, time to reach ground = 3.3 seconds (i) Use these results to complete Table 1.1. Table 1.1 length of fruit / mm time taken to reach the ground / s [2] 5090/62/M/J/15

113 5 (ii) On the grid below, construct a line graph of the data in Table 1.1. Join your plotted points with ruled, straight lines. [5] (iii) Use your graph to find the time it would take for a fruit with a length of 30 mm to reach the ground.... seconds [1] (iv) Describe the relationship between the length of these sycamore fruits and the time taken for them to reach the ground....[2] 5090/62/M/J/15 [Turn over

114 6 (v) Suggest one way in which this investigation could be improved to increase the reliability of the results....[1] (vi) Suggest two factors, other than length, that could affect the time taken for sycamore fruits to reach the ground when falling from a tree [2] [Total: 16] 5090/62/M/J/15

115 7 2 (a) Fig. 2.1 shows a section through part of a dicotyledonous leaf, as seen using a microscope. X P Q R (i) Identify the tissue layers P, Q and R. Fig. 2.1 P... Q... R...[3] (ii) In the space below, make a large drawing of the cells in the box labelled X in Fig You do not need to label your drawing. [3] 5090/62/M/J/15 [Turn over