These factors should be taken into consideration when addressing fatigue or low energy because each factor will be approached slightly differently.

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3 These factors should be taken into consideration when addressing fatigue or low energy because each factor will be approached slightly differently. 3

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5 First we must understand the systems of the body - not an exhaustive list but examples of how the body works. Each system is made of organs or tissues which in themselves are comprised of specialist cells which need energy to function. Without that energy the cells cannot properly replicate or produce the enzymes/hormones/secretion they are supposed to, the role of the organ or tissue the cells make up is compromised and the system as a whole doesn t function effectively E.g. the digestive system doesn t function if the cells of the pancreas don t have energy to produce the pancreatic enzymes to digest the food E.g. the cardiovascular system is not efficient at moving blood, oxygen and nutrients around the body if the cells of the heart are not able to contract strongly enough to give a strong heart beat. That lack of energy in the cells impacts the organs and tissues of the body and impacts on our overall health 5

6 How do the cells produce the energy? Mitochondria are the power stations in our cells where the energy is produced. The number of mitochondria in the cell indicate the amount of energy required e.g. cardiac cells are mitochondria-rich, white fat cells are not! 6

7 The cells get the fuel to make the energy they need from fats, carbs and proteins so we need a nutrient-rich diet with enough calories to fuel the NEEDS of the body. The body will prioritise its energy sources from fats and carbs due to the many requirements the body has on proteins e.g. neurotransmitters, hormones, enzymes, structural tissue repair and healing. Figs for carbs* = some carbs (like fibre) are not easily absorbed so calorific impact is reduced 7

8 How is the energy produced from the foods? Protein fats and carbohydrates enter the body through our diet and are digested or broken down into their constituent parts -amino acids glucose and fatty acids These are absorbed into the blood which carries them to the cells of the body Eventually those fats and carbs, and if need, the amino acids, feed into the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria The key nutrients required to facilitate all these pathways include the B vitamins, Magnesium, & zinc so a multiple would go along way to providing those essential nutrients After the Krebs cycle comes the electron transport chain - where there is greater energy production facilitated by CoQ10 along with B3 and iron Energy is produced as ATP an energy storage molecule a bit like a battery The greatest production of ATP comes from fats (beta oxidation in the Krebs cycle) 8

9 Energy in the ATP molecule is stored within the bonds of the Phosphate groups. Energy holds the bonds in the phosphate chain together when the bond is broken between the 2 nd and 3rd PO4 group, energy is released 9

10 The process forms a cycle which is limited so new ATP needs to be synthesised to maintain the levels required. 10

11 There are four main pathways for energy production in the mitochondria, Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain Beta oxidation. Electron transport chain one molecule of glucose produces 34 molecules of ATP. Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle producing 2 each The ETC is super-efficient at producing ATP but while it produces well it is a relatively slow process. Beta-oxidation is part of the Krebs cycle but metabolises fats to produce ATP. This is the most efficient ATP production with 1 molecule of fat producing 129 ATP molecules so we see that fats will provide the most efficient cellular energy. 11

12 ATP = an energy storage molecule like a battery. 12

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14 Early stage energy production requires all the B vitamins so need to ensure those in quantity. Could use B complex as a source of B vitamins so why use a multiple like VM-75? VM75 = Excellent B complex with additional nutrients like Zinc and is still a one a day There is magnesium in the VM75 but you may like to supplement further particularly if stress is impacting on your energy levels Magnesium Citrate 200mg per tablet ideal one a day with a multi like VM75 If anaemia is a factor then you may want to consider Earthsource because it has a high iron bisglycinate level and is based on green foods so lots of potential for building haemoglobin to facilitate oxygen transport to the cells - and energy production is greatest when it is aerobic 14

15 ATP is in constant production and while the final stage of the Electron Transport Chain relies upon coenzyme Q10, Alpha Lipoic acid is required for the fats and carbs to enter the Krebs cycle so both are energyfacilitating co-enzymes. While CoQ10 is fat soluble and gives antioxidant support to fatty tissues, Alpha Lipoic Acid is both fat & water soluble giving a versatile antioxidant action Alpha Lipoic acid also supports glucose metabolism and nerve function and supports liver function. 15

16 The chemical name for CoQ-10 is ubiquinone and it goes through several different forms in its role as an energy facilitator. Most forms are generally unstable during the electron exchange however -Ubiquinone is a stable form so generally used in supplements including the Solgar NNQ10 however the Solgar NN product differs from other ubiquinone products in that is has a patented deliver system The patented delivery system is a micellation process which reduces the size of the micelle to around 30nm, enabling it to fit between the microvilli and deliver the CoQ10 right to the absorption site. Non-micellised products are typically 3000nm in diameter which means they are unable to fit between the microvilli and must release their CoQ-10 further from the absorption site which reduces the potential for absorption. Solgar NNQ10 patented delivery system reduces the micellesizeand enhances absorption to 2-3 times that of a standard ubiquinone form. This micellised NNQ10 form is particularly beneficial for those with poor digestion and absorption of fats and fatty compounds. Solgar have a combination product with A Lipoic acid which supports carbohydrate metabolism for the production of energy however it is also available in 60mg, 120mg and 200mg capsules. 16

17 D-Ribose is a sugar but it has 5 chains not 6 like glucose It s also the backbone of the ATP molecule so deficiency of D-Ribose= potential reduction in ATP & cellular energy. Any hardworking muscles will have a great turnover of ATP and are more likely to have reduced Ribose levels e.g. skeletal muscle especially during prolonged exercise, cardiac muscle working all the time. D-Ribose can be manufactured in the body however the conversion from glucose to ribose is a slow process. 97% of supplemented D-Ribose is absorbed into the bloodstream. D-Ribose has been found to accelerate tissue energy production and recovery and promote normal muscle and heart function. 17

18 The Gold Specifics range was designed to provide some key nutrients and botanical to support specific needs. The Gold Specifics Energy Modulators contain the ALA and Q10 we have already discussed but as a reminder: - Alpha Lipoic acid is a key enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism in the cells it supports blood sugar regulation and as such, the modulation of mental and physical energy levels. Coenzyme Q-10, as we know, is an enzyme responsible for ATP production and is an antioxidant with the known properties for protecting fats & fatty substances in the body. There are 250mg of Creatine in the GS Energy modulators and this will support the production of energy with the other actives in the product. 18

19 Remember the diagram showing 3 x phosphate groups on ATP molecule Energy was released when the 3 rd Phosphate group was removed and we saw the ADP being cycled back to ATP. Creatine aids the reconnection of phosphate groups to ADP to replenish ATP and in doing so, this also produces energy Creatine can therefore aid this cyclic replenishment of ATP so it can be used again. - all resulting in greater energy potential, particularly for sports where explosive energy is required e.g. sprinter 19

20 And in addition to the B3 and B12 there are the 3 different ginsengs which are present as standardised extracts guaranteed to provide the naturally occurring actives which give the herbs their well-known properties. 20

21 American, Korean and Siberian ginseng are all adaptogenic, help to support the function of the adrenal glands, can help to moderate tolerance to stress and can act as immune tonics Korean and Siberian ginseng are shown to be beneficial for energy improvement in the cells including cognitive performance, stamina and endurance in sport and chronic fatigue syndrome 21

22 NutriNano Q10 is available in 2 formulas. The 30mg strength is NNQ10 alone while the NNQ10 with ALA contains 45mg of NNQ10 and 50mg of ALA. ALA is also available as a stand alone product at 60mg 120mg and 200mg strengths. Carnitine is classed as an amino acid and one of its prime roles is the transport of fatty acids across the cell membrane and mitochondrial membranes in order to be burned as fuel. Remember using fats as a fuel source results in higher ATP production. This is particularly important for the heart muscle as its preferred source of fuel is fats. Consider supplementing fatty acids and you may like to review the Triple strength fish oils as they have a high EPA/DHA content Cells use carbs and fats as their main energy source so anything which impacts on blood glucose metabolism can impact on cellular energy. Cinnamon and chromium can help. Their role is ensuring the efficient functioning of the insulin receptors on the cell membrane so glucose can be used by the cells to produce energy. ALA, as mentioned earlier, is a key enzyme involved in carbohydrate metabolism in the Krebs cycle. Caution in diabetics on medication - please consult a doctor/other medical practitioner before using these products as they impact on insulin function. 22

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