2 3 Carbon Compounds (Macromolecules)
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1 2 3 Carbon Compounds (Macromolecules) Slide 1 of 37
2 Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms. Slide 2 of 37
3 Carbon Living organisms are made up of six different elements: 1.Carbon 2.Hydrogen 3.Nitrogen 4.Oxygen 5.Phosphorus 6.Sulfur ALL LIVING THINGS HAVE CARBON!! Slide 3 of 37
4 Carbon Compound = 2 or more elements chemically combined. Carbon Compound = anything that contains 2 or more carbon atoms. Carbon is very useful: Can form 4 bonds with other atoms. Can form single, double, triple bonds. Can form LONG chains or rings. Carbon can form millions of large and complex structures macromolecules. Slide 4 of 37
5 Macromolecules Formed by a process known as polymerization. Monomers (single units) join together to form polymers (many units). There are 4 major macromolecules in our bodies: 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic Acids Slide 5 of 37
6 Macromolecules All 4 of these macromolecules (carbon compounds) are found in living organisms. They can all be found in the membranes of our cells: 1. Carbohydrate 3. Protein 4. Nucleic Acids (found in the nucleus) 3. Protein 3. Protein 2. Lipids Slide 6 of 37
7 Organic Compounds Carbohydrates Lipids Protein Nucleic Acids Slide 7 of 37
8 Type of Compound Monomer (what it is made of) Picture Functions Examples Slide 8 of 37
9 Macromolecules Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are: 1.carbohydrates 2.lipids 3.nucleic acids 4.proteins
10 Carbohydrates What is the function of carbohydrates? Source of Energy Structure
11 Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, usually in a ratio of 1 : 2 : 1.
12 Carbohydrates There are 3 different sizes of carbohydrates: 1. Monosaccharides (single sugar) 2. Disaccharides (two sugars) 3. Polysaccharides (many sugars)
13 Carbohydrates Starches and sugars are examples of carbohydrates that are used by living things as a source of energy. Starch Examples: Cellulose Starch Glycogen Glucose
14 Lipids Lipids are generally not soluble in water. The common categories of lipids are: fats oils waxes steroids
15 Lipids Can be used to store energy (long-term energy). Some lipids are important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings.
16 Lipid Molecule
17 Lipids Fats Oils Waxes Steroids
18 Proteins Proteins are macromolecules that contain nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Monomer = amino acid. Polymer = chain of amino acids.
19 Proteins The instructions for arranging amino acids into many different proteins are stored in DNA. Amino Acids Protein Molecule
20 Protein Functions Control rate of reactions enzymes Used to form bones and muscles Transport substances into or out of cells Help to fight disease - antibodies
21 Nucleic Acids Monomer = nucleotide. Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides.
22 Nucleic Acids Nucleotides have three parts: 1. a 5-carbon sugar 2. a phosphate group 3. a nitrogenous base
23 Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids store and pass on genetic information. 2 types of Nucleic Acids: 1. ribonucleic acid (RNA) 2. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
24 Type of Compound Carbohydrates Monomer (what it is made of) Single sugar (glucose) Picture Functions Examples Short-term energy Breads, sugars, pasta Lipids No true monomer but made of glycerol and fatty acid. Long-term energy Fats, oils, butter, waxes Proteins Amino Acid Bone, muscle building Meats, legumes, cheese. Nucleic Acids Nucleotide Carrying and transferring genetic information. RNA DNA Slide 24 of 37
25 2 3
26 2 3 Large carbohydrate molecules such as starch are known as lipids. monosaccharides. proteins. polysaccharides.
27 2 3 Many lipids are formed from glycerol and fatty acids. monosaccharides. amino acids. nucleic acids.
28 2 3 Proteins are among the most diverse macromolecules because they contain both amino groups and carboxyl groups. they can twist and fold into many different and complex structures. they contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. their R groups can be either acidic or basic.
29 2 3 Which of the following statements about cellulose is true? Animals make it and use it to store energy. Plants make it and use it to store energy. Animals make it and use it as part of the skeleton. Plants make it and use it to give structural support to cells.
30 2 3 A major difference between polysaccharides and proteins is that plants make polysaccharides, while animals make proteins. proteins are made of monomers, while polysaccharides are not. polysaccharides are made of monosaccharides, while proteins are made of amino acids. proteins carry genetic information, while polysaccharides do not.
Biology. Slide 1 of 37. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1 of 37 2 of 37 The Chemistry of Carbon The Chemistry of Carbon Organic chemistry is the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms. 3 of 37 Macromolecules Macromolecules Macromolecules
2 3 Carbon Compounds Slide 1 of 37
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