Curly Top Management. Carl Strausbaugh USDA-ARS NWISRL Kimberly, ID

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1 Curly Top Management Carl Strausbaugh USDA-ARS NWISRL Kimberly, ID

2 Curly Top Symptoms

3 Severe Curly Top Symptoms

4 Vascular Discoloration Can Occur When Disease is Moderate to Severe Discolored Healthy

5 Beet Leafhopper - Vector

6 Beet Leafhopper Life Cycle Egg stage lasts 5.5 days at 100 F and 43.8 days at 60 F Nymphal stage 13 days at 95 F and 75.4 days at 65 F Development ceases below 55 F Brood development ranges between 1 and 2 months Likely to survive our most severe winters Ken Gray PNWPest.org Bennett, 1971

7 Beet Leafhopper Life Cycle Overwinters as adult female (carries virus) desert areas on mustard species Eggs laid in host leaves and stems 3 broods per year 1st brood in desert prior to spring migration Initial migration May 12 to June 5, avg. peak June 25 in southcentral Idaho 2nd and 3rd broods on sugar beet or other hosts Blickenstaff and Traveller, 1979

8 Acquisition of Beet curly top virus by the Beet Leafhopper Feeding time 1 min 2 min 5 min 30 min 1 hr 5 hr % of leafhoppers acquiring virus Bennett & Wallace, 1938

9 Inoculation of Beet curly top virus by the Beet Leafhopper at 100 F Feeding time 1 min 2 min 3 min 10 min 20 min 30 min Plants infected (%) Bennett & Wallace, 1938

10 Curly Top Nursery July 29, 2013

11 Correlation Between Disease Ratings for Curly Top Nursery and Nampa Commercials 2004 Nampa disease rating r 2 = 0.91 P < Nursery disease rating

12 Root Yield versus Disease Rating Nampa Commercials r 2 = 0.47 P < Root yield (t/ha) Curly top rating

13 Idaho Curly Top Strain Survey 140 Total Severe Worland Cal/Logan Number of samples

14 Curly Top at Nampa in 2005 Monohikari Untrt Check Poncho Beta

15 Poncho = 30.5 T/A Conv. = 21.5 T/A 9 T/A Advantage About 15 T/A Advantage in heavy CT portion of field Marvin Bay, Eaton, CO 2006

16 Seed/Foliar For Treatment Trial Non- treated check

17 2011 Curly Top Seed/Foliar Trt For B-45 on Sept a bc bc Curly top rating b Treatments c c Untreated check Scorpion Poncho Beta Poncho Beta + M & P NipsIt INSIDE Cruiser Force P > F <0.0001

18 2011 Curly Top Seed/Foliar Trt For Yield for B-45 Yield (t/a) c ab ab b ab a Treatments P > F <0.0001

19 16 Treatments on B-42 Untreated check Poncho, Poncho Beta, and Poncho Votivo Foliar products: Scorpion, Sivanto, Lorsban, Cyazypyr, Asana, and Mustang with and without Poncho Beta Hoppers dap, foliars 6-7 days before hoppers and 6-8 days after

PB + Mustang Curly top rating 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Curly Top Rating For Sept 2013

20 None Poncho Poncho Beta Poncho Votivo Scorpion PB + Scorpion Sivanto PB + Sivanto Lorsban PB + Lorsban Cyazypyr PB + Cyazypyr Asana PB + Asana Mustang PB + Mustang Curly top rating Curly Top Rating For Sept 2013 * * * * * * * * * * * * P > F <0.0001; * = better than check PB = Poncho Beta

21 Curly Top Seed/Foliar Trts Sept 11, 2013 Mustang Poncho Beta Sivanto No seed trt

None Poncho Poncho Beta Poncho Votivo Scorpion PB + Scorpion Sivanto PB + Sivanto Lorsban PB + Lorsban Cyazypyr PB + Cyazypyr Asana PB + Asana Mustang PB +

22 None Poncho Poncho Beta Poncho Votivo Scorpion PB + Scorpion Sivanto PB + Sivanto Lorsban PB + Lorsban Cyazypyr PB + Cyazypyr Asana PB + Asana Mustang PB + Mustang Root Yield For 23 Sept 2013 a-d cd b-d fg ef b-d b-d a-c ab a de a-d de g g g P > F < LSD = 4.01 PB = Poncho Beta Root yield (t/a)

23 None Poncho Poncho Beta Poncho Votivo Scorpion PB + Scorpion Sivanto PB + Sivanto Lorsban PB + Lorsban Cyazypyr PB + Cyazypyr Asana PB + Asana Mustang PB + Mustang Recoverable Sucrose For (lb/a) 9/23/13 * * * * * * * * * P > F <0.0001; * = not different PB = Poncho Beta

24 Conclusions Neonic seedtrts - early season curly top and pest control Curly top control for at least first 59 days Resistant cultivar seed and/or foliar trt help Pyrethroid foliar with last glyphosate application looks promising Resistance management

25 Research Goals Study 1 - Length of efficacy for neonic seed trts and pyrethroid sprays Study 1 - Will an out of area cultivar with little to no CT resistance stand up to late season pressure

26 Experimental Design 4 trts = untrt check, Poncho beta, Asana, and Poncho beta + Asana Series of 4 expts Out of Area Cultivar Expt 1 = CT 8 wk after planting (ap) &1 wk after foliar (af) Expt 2 = CT 9 wk ap & 2 wk af Expt 3 = CT 10 wk ap & 3 wk af Expt 4 = CT 11 wk ap & 4 wk af

4 3 2 1 0 a a b a b c b c b bc c c a b b b Wk

27 Curly Top Rating Aug 2014 Curly top rating (0-9) Check Poncho Asana Poncho + Asana a a b a b c b c b bc c c a b b b Wk 8 Wk 9 Wk 10 Wk 11 < <

6 5 4 3 2 1 0 a a a b ab b bc b c c bc c Wk

28 Curly Top Rating Sept 2014 Curly top rating (0-9) Check Poncho Asana Poncho + Asana a a a b ab b bc b c c bc c Wk 8 Wk 9 Wk 10 Wk 11 < <

29 Seed/Foliar Treatment Trial For Wk8 in Sept 2014 Poncho Beta + Asana Non- treated check

Root Yield (t/a) Root yield (t/a) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 Check Poncho Asana Poncho +

30 Root Yield (t/a) Root yield (t/a) Check Poncho Asana Poncho + Asana 5 0 c ab b a d b c a b b Wk 8 Wk 9 Wk 10 Wk 11 < < < c a b a a ab

Estimated Recoverable Sucrose ERS (lb/a) 12000

31 Estimated Recoverable Sucrose ERS (lb/a) Check Poncho Asana Poncho + Asana a ab a b a b b b c c d c 0 Wk 8 Wk 9 Wk 10 Wk 11 < < <

32 Conclusions Trend for less disease and more yield in checks over time Untrt check ranked as the worst trt regardless of week If CT is present even 77 days after planting, host resistance is important

33 Conclusions Seed trt had significant influence thru 70 days after planting Pyrethroids had a significant affect for 3 weeks based on yield variables The Poncho + Asana trt ranked the best during the first three weeks for all variables

34 Sucrose Reduction (%) in Storage For with Curly Top at Kimberly - Feb Control Poncho Beta Control Poncho Beta 0.0 P > F <

35 Leafminer Damage on Sugarbeet For

36 Leafminer in 2010 on For B-45 on June 22 Infested plants (%) a None b b b b b b Poncho Poncho M Poncho MP NipsIT NipsIT AV Cruiser P > F <0.0001

37 For Black Bean Aphid on Sugarbeet

38 For Black Bean Aphid Damage on Sugarbeet

39 Black Bean Aphid (% of plants with colonies) Control Cruiser Tef Poncho Beta a a Kim 21 Aug 2006 Declo 21 Aug 2008 P > F < b b b b (Planted Jun 12) (Planted Apr 16)

40 For Root Aphid on Sugarbeet

41 Root Aphid (% of plants with colonies on main root) Control Cruiser Tef Poncho Beta a a No Data b b c Kim 4 Sep 2007 Declo 9 Sep 2008 P > F < 0.02

42 Seed Trts Poncho, Cruiser, NipsIt Will stand up to severe CT, but only a supplement to resistance CT = 17-20% yield inc. (6-7 tons/a) No CT = 5% yield inc. (2 tons/a) Early season control for leafminer and aphids; helps with rasping/chewing pests Resistance management Roots store better

Sugarbeet Root Maggot

Sugarbeet Root Maggot Sugarbeet Root Maggot (SBRM) Adult Fly Maggot (larval stage) Maggots overwinter as larvae, pupate and emerge in spring as flies in previous years beet fields Adult flies are monitored